Lymphoma: menene shi, manyan alamun cututtuka da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Menene bambanci tsakanin lymphoma da cutar sankarar bargo
• Menene sababi
• Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali
• Yadda ake yin maganin
• 1. Chemotherapy
• 2. Radiotherapy
• 3. Immunotherapy
• 4. dasawar qashi
• 5. Jinyar kwayar halitta
• 6. Yin tiyata
• Shin za a iya warkar da lymphoma?

Lymphoma wani nau'i ne na cutar kansa wanda ke shafar lymphocytes, waɗanda sune ƙwayoyin da ke da alhakin kare jiki daga kamuwa da cututtuka. Irin wannan cutar daji tana tasowa ne musamman a cikin ƙwayoyin limfam, wanda aka fi sani da lingas, waɗanda ake samun su a cikin huɗaɗɗen fata, makogwaro da wuya, wanda ke haifar da samuwar ƙwanƙolin ƙugu wanda zai iya haifar da alamomin kamar zazzabi, zufa da dare, yawan gajiya da kuma rage nauyi. ba tare da wani dalili ba.

Gabaɗaya, kwayar cutar ta lymphoma ta fi zama ruwan dare a cikin manya fiye da yara, kuma wasu mutane na iya kasancewa cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar, kamar waɗanda suke da tarihin lymfoma na iyali, waɗanda ke da cutar da ke haifar da ƙaramin rigakafi ko waɗanda suka kamu da cutar ta wasu ƙwayoyin cuta kamar HIV, Epstein-Barr ko HTLV-1.

Akwai lymphoma iri biyu, waɗanda za a iya bambance su da halayen ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari da aka samu a gwajin gwaji, kamar su:

• Lymphoma na Hodgkin, wanda ya fi wuya, yana shafar tsofaffi kuma yana sa ido kan takamaiman ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki, nau'in B lymphocytes;
• Cutar lymphoma ba-Hodgkin, wanda yafi na kowa kuma yawanci yana tasowa daga kwayar cutar lymphocytes ta B da T. Bincika ƙarin game da lymphoma ba na Hodgkin ba.

Ganewar asali na duka nau'ikan cutar lymphoma ana yin ta ne ta hanyar gwajin jini, gwajin hoto da kwayar halitta da kuma maganin ya dogara ne akan chemotherapy, radiotherapy da dasashi na kashin baya. Idan aka gano shi da wuri kuma idan aka fara magani da wuri-wuri, damar warkar da cutar lymphoma tana da yawa.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Babban alamun cututtukan lymphoma sune zazzabi na yau da kullun, zufa da dare da kuma kasancewar ƙwayoyin lymph masu ƙaru, waɗanda ake ji da kasancewar kumburin ƙugu a cikin wuya, hamata ko kumburi. Sauran cututtukan da za su iya nuna alamun lymphoma sune:

• Gajiya mai yawa;
• Aiƙai;
• Malaise;
• Rashin ci;
• Yin tunani ba tare da wani dalili ba;
• Rashin numfashi da tari.

Baya ga waɗannan alamun, ƙwayoyin, wanda shine ɓangaren da ke da alhakin samar da ƙwayoyin kariya, wanda yake a gefen hagu na sama na ciki, lymphoma zai iya shafar sa kuma ya kumbura ya haifar da ciwo, kuma ƙari, lokacin da Lymph node ya faɗaɗa sosai, yana iya danna jijiya a cikin kafa kuma yana haifar da ƙararwa ko ƙwanƙwasawa. San wasu alamomin cutar kansa ta lymphatic.

A gaban da yawa daga cikin waɗannan alamun, ana ba da shawarar zuwa likita don gwaje-gwaje kuma, idan an tabbatar da ganewar asali, za a iya fara maganin da ya dace bisa ga jagorancin babban likita, likitan jini ko masanin ilimin kankara.

Menene bambanci tsakanin lymphoma da cutar sankarar bargo

A cutar sankarar bargo, mugayen ƙwayoyin cuta sun fara ninka a cikin ɓacin kashi, yayin da a cikin lymphoma, ciwon daji yana farawa a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph, ko lingual. Bugu da kari, duk da cewa wasu alamu sun yi kama, kamar zazzabi da zufa na dare, a cutar sankarar bargo ya fi zama zubar jini da bayyana launin shuɗi a jiki, kuma a cikin lymphoma, fata mai kaushi tana faruwa.

Menene sababi

Abubuwan da ke haifar da lymphoma ba a bayyana su da kyau ba, amma mutanen da suka haura 60 za su iya haɓaka lymphoma ba ta Hodgkin ba. Sauran abubuwan da suma za a iya danganta su da bayyanar lymphoma sune kamuwa da cutar ta kanjamau, kwayar Epstein-Barr, wacce ke haifar da mononucleosis, HTLV-1, wanda ke da alhakin wasu nau'ikan hanta, da kuma kamuwa da kwayoyin cuta Helicobacter pylori, ana iya samun hakan a ciki.

Bugu da ƙari, samun cutar da ke haifar da ƙananan rigakafi, da ciwon rashin ƙarfi, kamar su lupus ko celiac, da kuma yin aiki a wuraren da yawan kamuwa da sinadarai, kamar magungunan ƙwari, na iya yin tasiri a farkon farawa na lymphoma . Duba abin da zai iya haifar da cutar sankarau.

Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali

Ganewar cutar lymphoma ana yin ta ne ta hanyar kimanta alamomin ta babban likita, masanin kimiyyar jinya ko masanin ilimin kanjamau da sakamakon wasu gwaje-gwaje, kamar su:

• Zanga-zangar jini: ana amfani dasu don kimanta ƙwayoyin jini da enzymes, saboda canje-canje a cikin leukogram, kamar ƙaruwa a cikin lymphocytes, da ƙaruwa a cikin lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) na iya nuna kasancewar lymphoma;
• X-ray: yana ba da hotunan sassan sassan jiki waɗanda ƙwayoyin lymphoma za su iya shafar su;
• Utedididdigar hoto: yana ba da damar kallon hotunan sassan sassan jiki fiye da na X-ray, iya gano lymphoma;
• Magnetic rawa hoto: kazalika da lissafin kimiyyar lissafi, yana aiki ne don gano yankuna na jikin da lymphoma ya shafa ta hanyar hotuna;
• Pet-scan: nau'ine ne wanda aka kirkiri shi, wanda yake taimakawa wajen gano metastasis, wanda shine lokacin da kwayar halittar ta yadu zuwa sassan jiki daban-daban;

Hakanan likitan ya nuna shi don yin kwayar halittar kasusuwa wanda ya kunshi cire wani karamin sashi na kashin daga ƙashin ƙugu don yin nazarin ƙwayoyin jikin ɓarin da gano ko lymphoma ya shafe su.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Daga sakamakon binciken, likitan jini ko masanin ilimin kankara zai nuna maganin ya danganta da nau’i, girma, digiri da kuma yankin da ake samun kwayar cutar, da kuma shekarun mutum da kuma yanayin da yake ciki. Ta wannan hanyar, za a iya magance lymphoma ta zaɓuka masu zuwa:

1. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy magani ne wanda ya ƙunshi gudanarwar magunguna ta hanyar jijiya, ta hanyar catheter, don kawar da ƙwayoyin kansar da ke haifar da lymphoma. Mafi yawan magungunan da ake amfani da su don magance lymphoma sune doxorubicin, bleomycin, dacarbazine da vinblastine kuma ana amfani dasu gaba ɗaya a rana ɗaya, a zaman wani ɓangare na yarjejeniya ta magani, zaɓin yarjejeniya da likita ya danganta da nau'in sinadarin lymphoma da aka gano.

Ana yin ladabi na Chemotherapy kowane mako 3 ko 4, saboda waɗannan kwayoyi suna da tasiri mai ƙarfi, kamar zafin gashi, tashin zuciya da amai, ƙarancin abinci da rage rigakafi, yana ɗaukar tsawon lokaci kafin jiki ya warke. Dangane da nau'in lymphoma, likita zai tantance sau nawa zai zama dole a maimaita magungunan, ma'ana, sau nawa za a gudanar da maganin ƙwaƙwalwar.

2. Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy magani ne da ake amfani da shi don lalata kwayoyin kansar ta hanyar jujjuyawar da wata inji kai tsaye zuwa lymph node wanda lymphoma ya shafa, wanda a ciki ana yin alamomi a fatar don a gudanar da wannan hasken a wuri guda kowane lokaci.

Kafin fara aikin radiotherapy, mashin din, tare da taimakon gwajin hoto, yana yin shirin inda jikin yake inda kwayar cutar ta lymphoma take kuma zai nuna yawan fitilar, adadin da tsawon lokacin zaman.

Mafi yawan lokuta, ana amfani da radiotherapy tare da wasu hanyoyin magani don haɓaka damar kawar da ƙwayoyin da ke haifar da lymphoma, kuma yana haifar da sakamako masu illa kamar rashin ci abinci, jin ciwo, jin zafi a yankin da ake amfani da shi. Dubi abin da za ku ci don sauƙaƙa sakamakon tasirin radiation.

3. Immunotherapy

Wasu nau'ikan lymphoma za a iya magance su tare da magungunan rigakafi, waɗanda kwayoyi ne da ke taimakawa tsarin rigakafi don yaƙar ƙwayoyin lymphoma, kuma illolin da ke ƙasa ba su kai na na chemotherapy ba.

Ana amfani da waɗannan kwayoyi tare da wasu fasahohin jiyya, yana ƙaruwa da damar warkar da cutar lymphoma. Wasu magungunan rigakafi da ake amfani dasu don magance lymphoma sune rituximab, bortezomib da lenalidomide.

4. dasawar qashi

Dasawar kashin kashi magani ne wanda ya kunshi lalata kwayoyin cutar lymphoma marasa lafiya da maye gurbinsu da lafiyayyun kwayoyin halitta. Kafin karɓar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin lafiya, ana buƙatar babban kimiyyar magani don kashe duk ƙwayoyin kansa a cikin jiki. Learnara koyo game da menene ƙwayoyin sel da yadda zasu iya taimakawa.

Akwai nau'ikan dashewar kasusuwan kashi biyu wadanda suke hade kai tsaye, lokacin da aka samu kwayoyin halitta daga mutum da kansa, da kuma allogeneic, wanda shine lokacin da aka samu kwayoyin halitta daga wani mutum. Don karɓar ɓarna daga wani mutum, dole ne ya zama mai jituwa, don haka kafin dasawa, ana yin gwajin jini, duka a kan mutumin da yake da cutar ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma wanda zai ba da gudummawar ƙashin.

5. Jinyar kwayar halitta

A halin yanzu, ana fara wani sabon maganin cutar lymphoma da ake kira CAR-T-cell, wanda shine lokacin da aka cire kwayoyin kariya na jiki kuma aka sake fasalta su da wani nau'in kwayar halitta ta musamman sannan kuma aka shigar da irin wadannan kwayoyin a jikin suna taimakawa wajen kara rigakafi da yaƙi da ƙwayoyin kansa. Wannan maganin har yanzu ana karatunsa kuma babu shi a duk asibitoci. Nemi ƙarin game da yadda ake yin magani ta amfani da fasahar CAR-T-cell.

6. Yin tiyata

A wasu lokuta, lokacin da ƙwayoyin lymph suka ƙara girma da yawa, saboda lymphoma, za su iya kaiwa ga wasu gabobin kamar baƙin ciki sabili da haka likita na iya ba da shawarar tiyata don cire wannan ɓangaren. Kafin yin jinyar, wani lokacin ya zama dole a yi wata karamar tiyata don cire kumburin lymph, don yin binciken kwayar halitta don nazarin kwayoyin cutar kansa.

Shin za a iya warkar da lymphoma?

Sakamakon jiyya ya bambanta gwargwadon nau'ikan da kuma matakin lymphoma, amma a mafi yawan lokuta ana iya warkewa idan an yi shi bisa ga shawarwarin likita. Bugu da kari, idan aka gano cutar kuma aka magance ta da wuri, damar samun waraka ta fi yawa.

Sabbin jiyya, sabon bincike da kulawa mafi kyau ga mutumin da ke ƙarƙashin kulawa ana haɓaka kuma sabili da haka kyakkyawan sakamako kuma, saboda haka, ana tsammanin ƙimar rayuwa mai kyau.