Malaria: menene menene, zagayawa, yadawa da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Yadda yaduwar cutar ke faruwa
• Maimaitawar kamuwa da zazzabin cizon sauro
• Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali
• Yadda ake yin maganin
• Yadda zaka kiyaye kanka

Malaria cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa ta hanyar cizon sauro na mata Anopheles cutar ta hanyar kwayar halittar mutum Plasmodium, kasancewarta mafi yawan jinsin a cikin Brazil Plasmodium vivax yana da Plasmodium zazzabin cizon sauro. Saboda ana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar cizon sauro, hanya mafi kyawu don hana zazzabin cizon sauro ta kunshi matakai na hana samun cizon, ta hanyar amfani da kayan dakika da kariya ta taga tare da amfani da fuska.

Sau ɗaya a jikin mutumin da abin ya shafa, da Plasmodium yana zuwa hanta, inda yake yawa sannan kuma ya isa zuwa ga jini, inda yake mamayewa da karya jajayen kwayoyin jini, yana haifar da alamomi kamar zazzabi, zufa, sanyi, jiri, tashin zuciya, amai, ciwon kai da rauni.

Zazzabin cizon sauro yana iya warkewa, amma yana da mahimmanci a fara magani cikin sauri, domin a lokuta da yawa cutar na iya zama mai tsanani, tare da karancin jini, rage platelet, gazawar koda ko ma rashin lahani a kwakwalwa, wanda damar samun matsala da mutuwa ta fi yawa.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Alamomin farko na zazzabin cizon sauro galibi suna bayyana ne tsakanin kwanaki 8 zuwa 14 bayan yaduwar cutar, kuma suna iya ɗaukar kwanaki 30 ko fiye. Bayyanar cututtuka ya dogara da abubuwan da suka danganci Plasmodium, kamar yawan ninki da nau'ikan halittu, da abubuwan da suka shafi mutum, kamar tsarin garkuwar jiki, galibi. Mafi yawan alamu da alamomin cutar zazzabin cizon sauro sune:

• Zazzaɓi, wanda zai iya zuwa ya komo cikin hawan keke;
• Gumi da sanyi;
• Headachearfin kai mai ƙarfi;
• Tashin zuciya da amai;
• Ciwon tsoka cikin jiki;
• Rauni da gajiya kullum;
• Fata mai launin rawaya da ido.

Mafi yawan wadannan alamomi da alamomin na iya zama da wuyar ganewa kamar zazzabin cizon sauro, don haka idan sun faru, yana da muhimmanci ka je wurin likita don gano cutar da kuma fara jinyar da ta dace, musamman ma idan kana wani wuri da malaria ta zama ruwan dare, kamar yadda a yankin Amazon da Afirka.

Bugu da kari, wadannan alamomi da alamomin na iya bayyana a cikin hawan keke, ma'ana, suna bayyana kansu duk bayan awa 48 ko awanni 72, ya danganta da nau'in Plasmodium wato yana cutar da jiki.Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda sakewar rayuwarsu, yayin da suke haɓaka suna kaiwa ga jini kuma suna haifar da alamomi sakamakon lalacewar jajayen ƙwayoyin jini.

Mafi munin nau'i na zazzabin cizon sauro yana faruwa yayin kamuwa da cuta ya daidaita kwakwalwa, yana haifar da ciwon kai, taurin wuya, kamuwa, bacci da suma. Sauran matsalolin sun hada da karancin jini, rage platelet, gazawar koda da kuma matsalar numfashi. Ara koyo game da alamomin zazzabin cizon sauro da cizon sauro.

Yadda yaduwar cutar ke faruwa

Cutar zazzabin cizon sauro na faruwa ne ta hanyar cizon sauro na mata Anopheles wanda ya kamu da cutar a yayin cizon mutumin da cutar ta kama. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa zazzabin cizon sauro ba ya yaduwa, ma'ana, ba a daukar kwayar cutar daga wani mutum zuwa wani, sai dai a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na raba allurai da allurai masu dauke da cutar, karin jini da / ko haihuwa.

Galibi, sauro yakan ciji mutane yayin faduwar rana ko faduwar rana. Wuraren da suke da mafi yawan haɗarin kamuwa sune Kudancin Amurka, Amurka ta Tsakiya, Afirka da wani ɓangare na Asiya, galibi a wuraren da suke da ruwa mai tsafta tare da ƙarancin yanayi, zafi da yanayin zafi tsakanin 20º da 30ºC. A Brazil, jihohin da suka fi kamuwa da zazzabin cizon sauro sune Amazonas, Roraima, Acre, Tocantins, Pará, Amapá, Mato Grosso, Maranhão da Rondônia.

Maimaitawar kamuwa da zazzabin cizon sauro

The parasite sake zagayowar Plasmodium a jikin mutum yana faruwa kamar haka:

1. Cizon sauro na mata Anopheles watsa, ta hanyar yau, da Plasmodium zuwa jinin mutum, a cikin yanayin Sporozoite;
2. Sporozoites suna zuwa hanta, inda suka girma kuma suka ninka, na kimanin kwanaki 15, suna haifar da sifar Merozoites;
3. Merozoites suna lalata ƙwayoyin hanta kuma suna kaiwa ga hanyoyin jini, suna fara mamaye jajayen ƙwayoyin jini;
4. A cikin kwayoyin jinin da ke dauke da cutar, wadanda ake kira Schizonts, kwayoyin cutar masu yaduwa sun ninka kuma sun tarwatsa wannan kwayar, kuma sun fara mamaye wasu, a wani zagayen da zai dauki awanni 48 zuwa 72.

A cikin kowane schizont, sake zagayowar yana canzawa bisa ga nau'in Plasmodium, kasancewa awa 48 don jinsuna P. falciparum, P. vivax, da P. ovaleda 72 h donP. malariae. A lokacin lokacinda aka fashe ƙwayoyin jan jini kuma schizonts suka zama 'yanci a cikin jini, alamun cutar na iya zama bayyane, galibi zazzabi da sanyi.

Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali

Bayan alamomi da alamomin farko sun bayyana, ana ba da shawarar zuwa asibiti ko dakin gaggawa, musamman idan alamomin sun bayyana duk bayan awa 48 ko 72. Ta wannan hanyar, likita zai iya gano kasancewar kwayar cutar a jiki ta hanyar gwajin jini, saboda yana son kauri ko na rigakafin rigakafi, da ikon fara maganin da ya dace, hana kamuwa da cutar ta tsananta da sanya rayuwar mara lafiya a haɗari

Yadda ake yin maganin

Maganin zazzabin cizon sauro yana tare da magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro, kamar Chloroquine, Primaquine, Artemeter da Lumefantrine ko Artesunate da Mefloquine misali, waɗanda ke aiki ta hanyar lalata Plasmodium da hana yaduwar sa.

Likitocin da aka zaba, allurai da tsawon lokaci likita ya nuna su gwargwadon shekaru, tsananin cutar da kuma nazarin yanayin kiwon lafiya. Yara, jarirai da mata masu ciki suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, tare da Quinine ko Clindamycin, koyaushe bisa ga shawarwarin likita kuma, galibi, ana nuna asibiti.

Hakanan an bada shawarar:

• Ku ci kullum;
• Kada ku sha giya;
• Kada a dakatar da jinyar ko da kuwa alamun sun ɓace, saboda haɗarin sake dawowa da rikitarwa na cutar.

Maganin zazzabin cizon sauro ya kamata a fara shi da wuri-wuri, saboda yana iya ci gaba sosai kuma, ba tare da magani mai kyau ba, na iya haifar da mutuwa. Nemi ƙarin game da yadda ake yin magani don murmurewa cikin sauri.

Yadda zaka kiyaye kanka

Za a iya yin rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro ta hanyar:

• Amfani da tufafi mai launi mai haske da yashi mai kyau, tare da dogon hannayen riga da dogon wando;
• Kauce wa wuraren da suka fi kamuwa da cutar na cutar, galibi yayin faduwar rana ko fitowar alfijir;
• Yi amfani da abin ƙyama na tushen DEET (N-N-diethylmetatoluamide), girmama jagororin masana'antun game da sauya mai ƙyama;
• Sanya fuskokin kariya da sauro kan windows da kofofi;
• Kauce wa tabkuna, kududdufai da koguna a ƙarshen yamma da yamma.

Duk wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa wurin da akwai alamun zazzabin cizon sauro zai iya karɓar maganin rigakafin, wanda ake kira chemoprophylaxis, tare da magungunan zazzaɓin cizon sauro, kamar Doxycycline, Mefloquine ko Chloroquine.

Koyaya, waɗannan magungunan suna da tasiri mai ƙarfi, don haka likita yawanci yana ba da shawarar irin wannan rigakafin ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da mummunar cuta, kamar zuwa wuraren da yawan yaduwar cutar ko lokacin da mutum ke da cutar da ke iya zama babba tare da kamuwa da cuta.

Wadannan kwayoyi ya kamata a yi amfani dasu kawai bayan shawarar likita kuma yawanci ana fara su kwana 1 kafin tafiya kuma su dage na wasu 'yan kwanaki ko makonni bayan dawowar.