Fina-finai 5 da ke Samun Dama: Kwarewar Kai na HIV da AIDS

Wadatacce

• Farkon wayewa
• Tasirin tasirin lafiyar jama'a
• Duba baya
• Protestungiyar shahararrun ƙungiyar zanga-zangar ƙanjamau a duniya
• Wadanda suka tsira na tsawon lokaci suna nuna hanyar gaba

Hanyar da ake nunawa da tattaunawa game da cutar kanjamau da tattaunawa a kafofin watsa labarai ya canza sosai a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Sai kawai a 1981 - kasa da shekaru 40 da suka wuce - cewa New York Times ta buga labarin da ya zama sananne da aka sani da labarin "ciwon daji na gay"

A yau, muna da cikakkiyar masaniya game da cutar kanjamau da kanjamau, tare da magunguna masu inganci. A kan hanya, masu yin fim sun ƙirƙira fasaha da rubuce rubuce game da ainihin rayuwar mutane da gogewa game da HIV da AIDS. Wadannan labaran sun yi fiye da taba zukatan mutane. Sun wayar da kan jama'a kuma sun haskaka fuskar ɗan adam.

Yawancin waɗannan labaran suna mai da hankali ne musamman ga rayuwar 'yan luwadi. Anan, na zurfafa duban fina-finai biyar da shirye-shiryen fina-finai waɗanda suka dace daidai da ke nuna gogewar gogewar maza a cikin annobar.

Farkon wayewa

Fiye da mutane 5,000 sun mutu daga rikice-rikicen da ke da alaƙa da cutar kanjamau a cikin Amurka a lokacin da aka fara nuna “An Early Frost” a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 1985. Mai wasan kwaikwayo Rock Hudson ya mutu watan da ya gabata, bayan da ya zama sanannen mutum na farko da ya fito fili ya ba da labarinsa Halin HIV a farkon lokacin bazara. An gano cutar HIV a matsayin mai haifar da cutar kanjamau a shekarar da ta gabata. Kuma, tun lokacin da aka amince da shi a farkon 1985, gwajin cutar kanjamau ya fara sanar da mutane wanda ke “shi” da wanda bai yi ba.

Wasan kwaikwayo da aka yi don talabijin ya jawo hankalin masu sauraron TV fiye da Wasannin Daren Litinin. Ya ci nasara uku daga cikin 14 Emmy Award gabatarwa da ta samu. Amma ya yi hasarar rabin dala miliyan saboda masu tallace-tallace suna ta magana game da daukar nauyin fim game da HIV-AIDS.

A cikin wani fim mai suna "An Early Frost," Aidan Quinn - sabo ne a cikin rawar da ya taka a cikin "Neman Susan" - ya nuna babban lauya na Chicago mai suna Michael Pierson, wanda yake da sha'awar yin abokin tarayya a kamfaninsa. Hakanan yana da marmarin ɓoye alaƙar sa da mai-son mai-rai Peter (D.W Moffett).

Tarihin kutse da muka fara ji yayin da Michael ke zaune a babbar piano mahaifiyarsa ya munana. A ƙarshe, ya faɗi cikin lokacin aiki a ofis ɗin lauya. An shigar da shi asibiti a karo na farko.

“Kanjamau? Shin kana gaya min ina da cutar kanjamau? ” in ji Michael ga likitansa, cikin rudani da fushi bayan ya yi imani ya kare kansa. Kamar mutane da yawa, har yanzu bai fahimci cewa mai yiwuwa ya kamu da kwayar cutar HIV shekarun baya ba.

Likitan ya tabbatar wa Michael cewa ba cuta ba ce ta "gay". "Ba a taɓa yin hakan ba," in ji likitan. "Maza masu luwadi ne suka fara samun wannan cutar a kasar nan, amma akwai wasu kuma - masu amfani da cutar ta hemophiliacs, wadanda ke shaye-shayen kwayoyi, kuma ba a nan ya tsaya ba."

Bayan babban gashi da manyan jaket 1980s, hoton wani dan luwadi da ke dauke da cutar kanjamau a cikin fim mai suna "An Early Frost" ya fada gida. Fiye da shekaru talatin daga baya, har yanzu mutane na iya gano yanayin matsalar sa. Ya na bukatar bai wa dangin danginsa labarai guda biyu a lokaci guda: "Ni dan luwadi ne kuma ina da cutar kanjamau."

Tasirin tasirin lafiyar jama'a

Ta binciko tasirin cutar kanjamau da kanjamau akan kusanci, matakin mutum, "An Frost Farkon" ya saita saurin sauran finafinan da suka biyo baya.

A cikin 1989, alal misali, "Abokin Dogon Aboki" shi ne fim mai fa'di na farko da ya ba da hankali kan kwarewar mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV da AIDS. Sunan fim din ya fito ne daga kalmar da New York Times ta yi amfani da ita a shekarun 1980 don bayyana jinsin jinsi guda na wani da ya mutu daga cutar da ke da alaƙa da cutar AIDS. Labarin a zahiri ya fara ne a ranar 3 ga watan Yulin 1981, lokacin da jaridar New York Times ta buga labarinta game da "barkewar" cutar kansa wacce ba ta da yawa a cikin 'yan luwadi.

Ta hanyar jerin abubuwan da aka buga kwanan wata, muna kallon irin mummunan tasirin da cututtukan da ke tattare da kwayar cutar HIV da AIDS ke yi wa maza da yawa da kuma abokansu. Yanayi da alamomin da muke gani sun haɗa da asarar kulawar mafitsara, kamuwa, ciwon huhu, toxoplasmosis, da rashin hankali - da sauransu.

Shahararren wurin rufewa na "Abokin Doguwa" ya zama da yawa daga cikinmu ya zama nau'in addu'a tare. Uku daga cikin haruffan suna tafiya tare tare da rairayin bakin teku a Tsibirin wuta, suna tuno lokaci kafin cutar kanjamau, suna mamakin neman magani. A cikin taƙaitaccen tsarin tsinkaye, an kewaye su, kamar ziyarar sama, ta ƙaunatattun ƙawayen su da ƙaunatattun su - gudu, dariya, raye - waɗanda da sauri suka sake ɓacewa.

Duba baya

Ci gaban da aka samu a magunguna ya sa ya yiwu a yi tsawon rai, cikin ƙoshin lafiya tare da HIV, ba tare da ci gaba zuwa cutar ta kanjamau da matsalolin ta ba. Amma finafinan kwanan nan suna bayyana raunin halayyar mutum na rayuwa tsawon shekaru tare da rashin lafiya mai ƙarancin rauni. Ga mutane da yawa, waɗannan raunuka na iya jin zurfin kasusuwa - kuma suna iya lalata ma waɗanda suka yi nasarar rayuwa tsawon lokaci.

Tattaunawa da maza hudu - Shanti mai ba da shawara Ed Wolf, dan gwagwarmayar siyasa Paul Boneberg, mai zane mai dauke da kwayar cutar Daniel Goldstein, mai raye-shaye-shaye Guy Clark - da mai kula da jinsi maza da mata Eileen Glutzer sun kawo rikicin HIV a San Francisco don bayyane, an tuna da rayuwa a cikin tarihin 2011 "Mun kasance a nan." Fim din ya fara a Sundance Film Festival kuma ya ci kyaututtuka da yawa na Documentary of the Year.

"Lokacin da nake magana da matasa," in ji Goldstein a cikin fim din, "Suna cewa 'Yaya abin ya kasance?' Abin da kawai zan iya kwatanta shi da shi shi ne yankin yaki, amma yawancinmu ba mu taba zama a yankin yaki ba. Ba ku taba sanin abin da bam din zai yi ba. ”

Ga masu fafutuka na ‘yan luwadi irin su Boneberg, darakta na farko a rukunin farko na zanga-zangar kanjamau a duniya, Mobilization Against AIDS, yakin ya kasance ta bangarori biyu a lokaci daya. Sun yi gwagwarmaya don albarkatu don magance HIV-AIDS duk da cewa sun tura baya kan ƙaruwar ƙiyayya da maza 'yan luwadi. "Guys kamar ni," in ji shi, "ba zato ba tsammani a cikin wannan ƙaramin rukuni da aka tilasta yin ma'amala da wannan yanayin rashin yarda na al'ummomin da, ban da ƙiyayya da kuma kai hari, yanzu an tilasta shi shi kaɗai don ƙoƙarin gano yadda za a magance wannan bala'in likita. "

Protestungiyar shahararrun ƙungiyar zanga-zangar ƙanjamau a duniya

Takaddun bayanan da aka zaba a Oscar "Yadda za a tsira wa wata annoba" tana ba da bayan fage don kallon tarurrukan mako-mako na ACT UP-New York da manyan zanga-zanga. Yana farawa da zanga-zangar farko, akan Wall Street, a cikin Maris 1987 bayan AZT ya zama magani na farko da FDA ta amince dashi don magance HIV. Hakanan ya kasance magani mafi tsada har zuwa wannan lokacin, yana cin $ 10,000 a shekara.

Wataƙila lokacin da ya fi ban mamaki a fim ɗin shi ne mai gwagwarmaya Larry Kramer da ke cikin rukunin kanta yayin ɗayan taronta. "KASHE wani mahaukaci ne ya mamaye shi," in ji shi. “Babu wanda ya yarda da komai, abin da kawai za mu iya yi shi ne sanya mutum ɗari biyu a zanga-zangar. Hakan ba zai sa kowa ya mai da hankali ba. Ba har sai mun fitar da miliyoyin mutane ba. Ba za mu iya yin haka ba. Duk abin da muke yi shi ne mu zabi junanmu, kuma mu yi wa juna tsawa. Ina maimaita muku irin wannan abin da na fada a 1981, lokacin da akwai kararraki 41: Har sai mun tattara abubuwanmu gaba daya, dukkanmu, mun kai matattu. ”

Waɗannan kalmomin na iya zama da tsoro, amma kuma suna motsawa. Dangane da masifa da cututtuka, mutane na iya nuna ƙarfin da ba a yarda da shi ba. UPan wasa na biyu mafi shahara a cikin ACT UP, Peter Staley, yana yin tunani a kan wannan zuwa ƙarshen fim ɗin. Ya ce, “Don a zama abin da za a yi barazanar halakarsa, kuma ga ba kwanciya, amma maimakon mu tashi tsaye don yaƙar yadda muka aikata, yadda muka kula da kanmu da junanmu, alherin da muka nuna, ɗan adam da muka nunawa duniya, abin birgewa ne, kawai mai ban mamaki . ”

Wadanda suka tsira na tsawon lokaci suna nuna hanyar gaba

Irin wannan tsayin daka na ban mamaki ya bayyana a cikin maza masu luwadi da aka bayyana a cikin "Menarshen Mazaunan Tsaye," shirin 2016 na San Francisco Chronicle. Fim ɗin yana mai da hankali ne kan abubuwan da suka rayu na tsawon lokaci waɗanda suka tsira daga kwayar cutar HIV a San Francisco. Waɗannan mazaje ne waɗanda ke rayuwa tare da ƙwayar cutar fiye da yadda suke tsammani "kwanakin karewa" waɗanda aka annabta shekarun baya bisa ga ilimin likita na lokacin.

Dangane da kyakkyawan yanayin San Francisco, fim ɗin ya haɗu da abin da maza takwas suka lura da wata mace mai jinya wacce ta kula da mutanen da ke ɗauke da kwayar cutar HIV a Babban Asibitin San Francisco tun farkon annobar.

Kamar fina-finai na 1980s, "Mazaunan ƙarshe suna tsaye" yana tunatar da mu cewa wata annoba mai girma kamar HIV-AIDS - UNAIDS ta ba da rahoton kimanin maza da mata miliyan 76.1 sun kamu da kwayar cutar HIV tun lokacin da aka fara samun rahoton cutar a 1981 - har yanzu yana zuwa ga labaran mutum. . Mafi kyawun labaru, kamar waɗanda suke cikin fim ɗin, suna tunatar da mu duka cewa rayuwa gaba ɗaya ta zo ne ga labaran da muke faɗa wa kanmu game da abin da abubuwan da muke ciki, kuma a wasu lokuta, wahala, "ma'ana."

Saboda "Menarshen Mutanen da ke Tsaye" suna bikin mutuntakar waɗanda ke ƙarƙashinta - damuwarsu, fargabarsu, begensu, da farin cikinsu - saƙonta ya game duniya. Ganymede, babban mutum a cikin shirin, ya ba da saƙo na hikima mai wahala wanda zai iya amfanar da duk wanda ke son ji shi.

Ya ce, "Ba na son yin magana da gaske game da damuwa da radadin da na rayu a ciki, wani bangare saboda mutane da yawa ba sa son jin sa, wani bangare saboda yana da zafi sosai. Yana da mahimmanci cewa labarin ya rayu amma ba lallai ne mu sha wahala ta labarin ba. Muna son sakin wannan matsalar kuma mu ci gaba da rayuwa. Don haka yayin da nake son kada a manta da wannan labarin, ban so ya zama labarin da ke tafiyar da rayuwarmu ba. Labarin juriya, na farin ciki, na farin cikin rayuwa, na ci gaba, na koyon abin da ke da muhimmanci da muhimmanci a rayuwa - hakane abin da nake so in rayu a kansa. ”

John-Manuel Andriote dan jaridar da ya daɗe yana aikin kiwon lafiya da marubuta shi ne marubucin An Bayyana Nasara: Ta yaya Cutar Kanjamau ta Canza Rayuwa a Amurka. Littafinsa na kwanan nan shine Stonewall Mai :arfi: Gwarazan Maza Maza don Juriya, Koshin lafiya, da Strongarfafa Communityungiyoyin. Andriote ya rubuta "Stonewall Strong" blog a kan ƙarfin hali don Ilimin halin yau.