Mawallafi: Laura McKinney
Ranar Halitta: 6 Afrilu 2021
Sabuntawa: 20 Nuwamba 2024
Anonim
Understanding Open Angle Glaucoma
Video: Understanding Open Angle Glaucoma

Wadatacce

Bayani

Open-angle glaucoma shine mafi yawan nau'in glaucoma. Glaucoma cuta ce da ke lalata jijiyarka ta gani kuma yana iya haifar da rage gani da ma makanta.

Glaucoma yana shafar fiye da duniya. Shine babban dalilin makantar da babu makawa.

Cutar-glaucoma mai rufewa (ko rufewa) ta ƙunshi al'amuran glaucoma a Amurka. Yana yawanci mafi tsanani fiye da bude-kwana glaucoma.

Dukkanin sharuɗɗan sun haɗa da canje-canje a cikin ido wanda ke hana magudanar ruwa mai kyau. Wannan yana haifar da tarin matsi a cikin ido, wanda a hankali yake lalata jijiyarka ta gani.

Glaucoma ba za a iya warke ba. Amma tare da ganewar asali da magani, yawancin lokuta na glaucoma ana iya sarrafa su don hana cutar ci gaba zuwa lalacewar gani.

Glaucoma galibi baya nuna alamun kansa kafin ya haifar da lahani ga hangen nesa. Wannan dalili guda ɗaya yana da mahimmanci a riƙa yin gwajin ido na yau da kullun wanda ke nuna glaucoma.

Bude- vs. rufe-kwana glaucoma

Gaban gaban idonka, tsakanin kwarkwaro da tabarau, yana cike da ruwa mai ruwa wanda ake kira da raha mai ban dariya. Abin dariya mai ban dariya:


  • kula da sifar ido ta ido
  • yana kula da tsarin cikin ido

Sabon wasan barkwanci ana ci gaba da samar dashi sannan kuma yazame daga idanun. Don kula da matsi mai kyau a cikin ido, adadin da aka samar da adadin da aka zubar ya zama dole a ajiye su cikin daidaito.

Glaucoma ya ƙunshi lalacewa ga tsarin da ke ba da izinin raha ga ruwa ya fita. Akwai kantuna guda biyu don raha mai ban dariya don malalewa:

  • aikin ƙirar trabecular
  • fitowar mahaifa

Dukkanin gine-ginen suna kusa da gaban ido, a bayan cornea.

Bambanci tsakanin buɗe-kwana da glaucoma mai rufewa ya dogara da ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyin magudanan ruwa biyu da suka lalace.

A cikin bude-kwana glaucoma, Aikin haɗin raga yana ba da ƙarfin juriya ga fitowar ruwa. Wannan yana haifar da matsin lamba ya taru a cikin idonka.

A cikin rufe-kwana glaucoma, duka magudanar uveoscleral da meshwork na trabecular sun katange. Galibi, wannan yana faruwa ne ta lalacewar iris (ɓangaren launi na ido) yana toshe hanyar fita.


Toshewar ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyin yana haifar da ƙaruwa cikin matsi a cikin idonka. Ruwan ruwa a cikin idonka sananne ne da matsin lamba na ciki (IOP).

Bambanci a kusurwa

Hannun kwana a cikin nau'in glaucoma yana nufin kusurwar da iris ke yi tare da cornea.

A cikin glaucoma mai buɗe-kusurwa, iris ɗin yana cikin madaidaicin matsayi, kuma magudanan magudanan ruwa sun bayyana a sarari. Amma aikin haɗin trabecular ba ya malalewa da kyau.

A cikin glaucoma mai kusurwa-kusurwa, iris din ya matse akan jijiyar, yana toshe magudanan hanji da kuma aikin raga.

Bayyanar cututtuka na buɗe-kwana glaucoma

Glaucoma a farkon matakai yawanci baya samar da wata alama.Lalacewar ganinka na iya faruwa kafin ka farga. Lokacin da bayyanar cututtuka ta bayyana, zasu iya haɗawa da:

  • rage hangen nesa da asarar hangen nesa
  • kumbura ko kumburin jiki
  • faɗaɗa ɗalibai zuwa matsakaici girman da ba ya canzawa tare da ƙaruwa ko rage haske
  • ja a cikin farin ido
  • tashin zuciya

Wadannan alamun sun fara bayyana ne a cikin yanayi mai saurin rufe ido amma kuma zasu iya bayyana a cikin bude-kwana glaucoma. Ka tuna, rashin bayyanar cututtuka ba tabbaci ba ne cewa ba ka da glaucoma.


Dalilin buɗe-kwana glaucoma

Glaucoma na faruwa ne lokacin da toshewar magudanan ruwa don raha mai raɗaɗi ya haifar da matsi a cikin ido don haɓaka. Matsalar ruwa mafi girma na iya lalata jijiyar gani. Anan ne bangaren jijiyar da ake kira ganglion na gani ya shiga bayan idonka.

Ba a fahimta karara dalilin da ya sa wasu mutane ke samun glaucoma wasu kuma ba sa samu. An gano wasu abubuwan kwayar halitta, amma wadannan asusun na duk wasu cututtukan glaucoma.

Hakanan ana iya haifar da cutar ta glaucoma sakamakon rauni ga ido. Wannan ana kiran sa glaucoma na biyu.

Hanyoyin haɗari

Open-angle glaucoma wakiltar al'amuran glaucoma ne a Amurka. Hanyoyin haɗari sun haɗa da:

  • tsufa (wani bincike ya nuna cewa glaucoma mai buɗe ido yana shafar kashi 10 cikin ɗari na waɗanda suka girmi shekaru 75 da kuma kashi 2 na waɗanda suka girmi 40)
  • tarihin iyali na glaucoma
  • Zuriyar Afirka
  • hangen nesa
  • babban IOP
  • ƙananan jini (amma haɓaka hawan jini yana ɗauke da wasu haɗari)
  • amfani da magungunan corticosteroids
  • kumburi
  • ƙari

Ganewar asali na glaucoma mai buɗe-kwana

Babban IOP na iya rakiyar glaucoma, amma ba tabbatacciyar alama ba ce. A zahiri, mutanen da ke da glaucoma suna da IOP na al'ada.

Don tantance ko kuna da glaucoma, kuna buƙatar cikakken gwajin ido tare da kumbura idanunku. Wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da likitanka zai yi amfani dasu sune:

  • Kaifin ganigwaji tare da jadawalin ido.
  • Kayayyakin gwajin filin don duba hangen nesa na gefe. Wannan na iya taimakawa wajen tabbatar da ganewar asali, amma da yawa kamar na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙwayoyin ganglion na ƙwayoyin cuta na iya ɓacewa kafin asarar ta nuna a gwajin filin gani.
  • Gwajin gwajin ido. Wannan na iya zama gwaji mafi mahimmanci. Ana amfani da digo don fadada (bude) dalibanku don bawa likitanku damar gani a cikin kwayar ido da jijiyar ido a bayan ido. Zasu yi amfani da kayan aiki na musamman da ake kira ophthalmoscope. Hanyar ba ta da ciwo, amma ƙila za ku sami hangen nesa kusa da ƙwarewa zuwa haske mai haske na fewan awanni.
  • Jiyya don bude-kwana glaucoma

    Rage karfin ruwa a cikin idonka shine kadai tabbatacciyar hanyar magance glaucoma. Jiyya yawanci yakan fara ne da digo, wanda aka sani da hypotensive drops, don taimakawa rage matsa lamba.

    Likitanku zai yi amfani da matakan matsi na baya (idan akwai) don ƙayyade matsin lamba da zai iya magance glaucoma mafi kyau. Gabaɗaya, za su yi niyya don matsi a matsayin manufa ta farko. Makasudin zai ragu idan hangen nesa ya ci gaba da ta'azzara ko kuma idan likitanku ya ga canje-canje a jijiyar gani.

    Layi na farko na saukad da matsi shine analogs na prostaglandin. Prostaglandins sune asid acid wanda aka samo a kusan kowane nama. Suna aiki don inganta yawan jini da ruwan jiki da inganta magudanar ruwa mai raɗaɗi ta hanyar hanyar uveoscleral. Ana shan wadannan sau daya da daddare.

    Prostaglandins suna da 'yan sakamako masu illa, amma zasu iya haifar da:

    • tsawo da kuma duhun gashin ido
    • jajayen idanuwa
    • asarar mai a kusa da idanun (mai tsinkayar jiki)
    • duhun ƙugu ko fatar da ke kewaye da ido

    Magungunan da ake amfani dasu azaman layin tsaro na biyu sun haɗa da:

    • carbonic anhydrase masu hanawa
    • masu hana beta
    • alpha agonists
    • cholinergic agonists

    Sauran jiyya

    • Zaɓin trabeculoplasty na laser (SLT). Wannan hanya ce ta ofishi wacce ake amfani da laser akan dunƙulen dunƙule don inganta magudanar ruwa da ƙananan matsa lamba na ido. A matsakaici, yana iya rage matsa lamba da kashi 20 zuwa 30. Yana da nasara cikin kusan kashi 80 cikin ɗari na mutane. Sakamakon yana daga shekaru uku zuwa biyar kuma za'a iya maimaita shi. SLT yana maye gurbin girar ido a wasu yanayi.
    • Outlook don buɗe-kwana glaucoma

      Babu magani don buɗe-kwana glaucoma, amma farkon ganewar asali na iya taimaka maka ka guji yawancin haɗarin ɓata hangen nesa.

      Ko da tare da sabbin magungunan laser da tiyata, glaucoma yana buƙatar kulawa na rayuwa. Amma idanuwan ido da sababbin magungunan laser na iya sanya kulawa da cutar glaucoma ta yau da kullun.

      Tsayawa glaucoma mai buɗe-kwana

      Ganin likitan ido sau ɗaya a shekara shine mafi kyawun rigakafi don buɗe-kwana glaucoma. Lokacin da aka gano glaucoma da wuri, ana iya guje wa mafi yawan illolin.

      Open-angle glaucoma ba ya nuna alamun alamun a farkon matakan, don haka binciken ido na yau da kullun shine kawai hanyar gano ko tana ci gaba. Zai fi kyau a yi gwajin ido tare da tabin ido da kuma faɗaɗawa da ake yi sau ɗaya a shekara, musamman idan ka wuce shekaru 40.

      Duk da yake kyakkyawan abinci da salon rayuwa mai kyau na iya ba da ɗan kariya, ba su da tabbaci game da glaucoma.

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