Magungunan osteoporosis

Wadatacce

• Osteoporosis
• Dalili da abubuwan haɗari
• Magungunan osteoporosis
• Bisphosphonates
• Antibody
• Denosumab
• Romosozumab
• Magungunan da suka shafi Hormone
• Masu zaɓin masu karɓar estrogen masu zaɓin (SERMs)
• Calcitonin
• Parathyroid hormones (PTHs)
• Hormone far
• Calcium da bitamin D
• Motsa jiki
• Outlook

Gaskiya abubuwa

1. Osteoporosis wani yanayi ne wanda kasusuwa suke karyewa da sauri fiye da yadda suka sake.
2. Jiyya yawanci ya haɗa da haɗin magunguna da canje-canje na rayuwa.
3. Hanya mafi tsauri don hana ƙarin asarar ƙashi shine shan magungunan likita.

Osteoporosis

Kasusuwa a cikin jikinku kayan rayuwa ne waɗanda suke lalacewa koyaushe kuma suke maye gurbinsu da sabon abu. Tare da cututtukan kasusuwa, kashinku zai karye da sauri fiye da yadda yake sakewa. Wannan yana sa su zama marasa ƙarancin ƙarfi, da juzu'i, da ƙwanƙwasawa.

Wannan yana raunana kashin ka kuma yana iya haifar da ƙarin karaya da karyewa.

Babu magani don osteoporosis, amma akwai magunguna don taimakawa wajen hanawa da magance shi da zarar an gano shi. Manufar magani ita ce kiyayewa da karfafa kashinku.

Magunguna yawanci sun haɗa da haɗuwa da magunguna da canje-canje na rayuwa don taimakawa rage saurin karyewar ƙashi da jikin ku, kuma a wasu lokuta, don sake gina kashi.

Dalili da abubuwan haɗari

Yawancin mutane suna da girman kasusuwa da yawa lokacin da suke cikin farkon 20s. Yayin da kake tsufa, ka rasa tsohuwar kashi da sauri fiye da yadda jikinka zai iya maye gurbinsa. Saboda wannan, tsofaffi suna cikin haɗarin cutar kashin baya.

Mata kuma suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sanyin ƙashi saboda yawanci suna da ƙananan ƙasusuwa fiye da maza. Estrogen, wani hormone wanda ke faruwa a cikin matakan mata fiye da maza, yana taimakawa kare kasusuwa.

Matan da ke cikin jinin al’ada suna fuskantar raguwa a matakan estrogen, wanda ke haifar da saurin karyewar kashi kuma zai iya haifar da kasusuwa masu rauni.

Sauran abubuwan haɗarin sun haɗa da:

• shan taba
• wasu magunguna, irin su masu cin kwayar cuta, masu hana ruwa gudu, da wasu magunguna masu kamawa
• rashin abinci mai gina jiki
• wasu cututtuka, kamar su rheumatoid arthritis (RA) da kuma myeloma da yawa

Magungunan osteoporosis

Hanya mafi tsauri don hana ƙarin asarar kasusuwa shine shan magungunan likita, irin su magungunan da aka jera a ƙasa.

Bisphosphonates

Bisphosphonates sune mafi yawan maganin cututtukan osteoporosis. Yawancin lokaci sune magunguna na farko da aka ba da shawarar ga matan da ke bayan haihuwa.

Misalan bisphosphonates sun haɗa da:

• alendronate (Fosamax), mutane masu shan magani a baki suna sha kullum ko sau ɗaya a mako
• ibandronate (Boniva), ana samun shi azaman kwamfutar hannu ta wata-wata ko a matsayin allurar jijiyoyin jini wacce zaka samu sau hudu a shekara
• risedronate (Actonel), ana samun shi a kullun, kowane mako, ko kowane wata a cikin allunan baka
• zoledronic acid (Reclast), ana samun shi azaman maganin cikin jini wanda zaka samu sau daya duk shekara daya ko biyu

Antibody

Akwai magungunan antibody guda biyu a kasuwa.

Denosumab

Denosumab (Prolia) yana haɗuwa da furotin a jikinku wanda ke cikin raunin kashi. Yana jinkirta aiwatar da lalacewar kashi. Hakanan yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye ƙashin ƙashi.

Denosumab yana zuwa kamar allura da kuke samu kowane watanni shida.

Romosozumab

Sabon anti romosozumab (Evenity) yana taimakawa wajen kara samuwar kashi. Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna (FDA) ta amince da shi a cikin Afrilu na 2019. An tsara shi ne don matan da ba su yi aure ba da haɗarin karaya. Wannan ya hada da matan da suka:

• da dalilai masu haɗari don karaya
• da tarihin karaya
• ba su amsa ko ba za su iya shan wasu magungunan osteoporosis ba

Romosozumab yazo kamar allura biyu. Kuna samun su sau ɗaya a wata har zuwa watanni 12.

Romosozumab ya zo tare da gargaɗin dambe, waɗanda sune mahimman gargadin FDA. Yana iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da zuciya, bugun jini, da cututtukan zuciya. Bai kamata ku sha romosozumab ba idan kuna da ciwon zuciya ko bugun jini a cikin shekarar da ta gabata.

Magungunan da suka shafi Hormone

Za a iya ba da magunguna da yawa waɗanda ke da tasiri irin na hormone don magance osteoporosis.

Masu zaɓin masu karɓar estrogen masu zaɓin (SERMs)

Masu zaɓin masu karɓar estrogen masu zaɓin (SERMs) suna sake ƙirƙirar haɓakar haɓakar ƙashi na estrogen.

Raloxifene (Evista) nau'ikan SERM ne. Ana samuwa azaman kwamfutar hannu ta yau da kullun.

Calcitonin

Calcitonin shine hormone da glandar thyroid ke yi. Yana taimakawa daidaita matakan calcium a jiki.

Doctors suna amfani da calcitonin roba (Fortical, Miacalcin) don magance osteoporosis na kashin baya a cikin wasu mata waɗanda ba za su iya shan bisphosphonates ba.

Lissafin da aka yi amfani da shi, calcitonin na iya sauƙaƙa zafi ga wasu mutanen da ke da raunin kashin baya. Calcitonin yana samuwa ta hanyar fesa hanci ko allura.

Parathyroid hormones (PTHs)

Parathyroid hormones (PTHs) suna kula da ƙwayoyin calcium da phosphate a jikinku. Magunguna tare da PTH na roba na iya haɓaka sabon haɓakar ƙashi.

Zaɓuka biyu sun haɗa da:

• teriparatide (Forteo)
• abaloparatide (Tymlos)

Teriparatide yana samuwa azaman allurar sarrafa kai kai tsaye. Koyaya, wannan magani yana da tsada kuma an keɓance shi gaba ɗaya ga mutanen da ke fama da ƙarancin ƙashi wanda ke da ƙarancin haƙuri ga sauran jiyya.

Abaloparatide wani magani ne na PTH wanda aka amince dashi a shekara ta 2017. Kamar teriparatide, ana samun wannan maganin azaman allurar sarrafa kai da kai. Duk da haka, yana da tsada kuma yawanci ana amfani dashi ga mutanen da ke fama da ƙarancin osteoporosis lokacin da sauran jiyya basu da kyau.

Hormone far

Ga mata a lokacin da suke cikin al'ada, maganin hormone - wanda kuma ake kira maganin maye gurbin hormone - zaɓi ne na magani. Amma galibi, likitoci ba sa amfani da shi azaman layin farko na tsaro saboda yana iya ƙara haɗarin:

• bugun jini
• ciwon zuciya
• kansar nono
• daskarewar jini

An yarda da maganin Hormone don amfani dashi a rigakafin osteoporosis, amma kuma ana iya amfani dashi ba tare da lakabi ba don maganin sa.

Maganin Hormone na iya haɗawa da estrogen shi kaɗai, ko kuma estrogen haɗe da progesterone. Ya zo azaman kwamfutar hannu, facin fata, allura, da cream. Ana amfani da allunan da facin galibi.

Ana shan kullun, allunan sun haɗa da:

• Premarin
• Mafi ƙanƙanta
• Estrace

Ana amfani dashi sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a kowane mako, facin ya haɗa da:

• Climara
• Vivelle-Dot
• Minivelle

Calcium da bitamin D

Koda lokacin da kake shan kowane magungunan da aka lissafa a sama, likitoci sun bada shawarar samun yalwar sinadarin calcium da bitamin D a cikin abincinka. Wancan ne saboda wannan ma'adinai da bitamin tare zasu iya taimakawa rage ɓacin kashi.

Calcium shine farkon ma'adinai a cikin kashinku, kuma bitamin D yana taimakawa jikin ku ɗaukar alli ɗin da yake buƙata.

Abincin mai-sinadarin Calcium sun hada da:

• kayayyakin kiwo
• kayan lambu masu duhu
• wadataccen hatsi da burodi
• kayayyakin waken soya

Yawancin hatsi da ruwan lemu yanzu ana samun su tare da ƙarin alli kuma.

Cibiyar Nazarin Arthritis da Cututtukan Musculoskeletal da Fata (NIAMS) ta ba da shawarar cewa mata masu shekaru 19-50 da maza masu shekaru 19-70 su sami miligram 1,000 (mg) na alli kowace rana.

Sun bada shawarar cewa mata masu shekaru 51-70 da duk wanda ke sama da shekaru 70 ya sami 1,200 MG na alli kowace rana.

NIAMS ta kuma ba da shawarar cewa manya da ke kasa da shekaru 70 su sami rukunin bitamin D na duniya 600 (IU) kowace rana. Manya sama da shekaru 70 ya kamata su sami IU 800 na bitamin D kowace rana.

Idan ba ku sami isasshen alli ko bitamin D daga abincinku ba, za ku iya ɗaukar kari don tabbatar da cewa kun sami adadin da aka ba da shawarar.

Motsa jiki

Motsa jiki yana taimakawa karfafa kashin ka. Kowane nau'i, motsa jiki yana taimakawa jinkirin lalacewar ƙashi da tsufa kuma zai iya ɗan inganta ƙashin ƙashi a wasu yanayi.

Motsa jiki zai iya taimakawa wajen inganta matsayinku da daidaito, yana rage haɗarin faduwa. Fallsananan faɗuwa na iya nufin ƙananan karaya.

Horar da ƙarfi yana amfani da ƙasusuwa a cikin hannayenku da ƙananan kashin baya. Wannan na iya nufin ma'aunin nauyi, injunan nauyi, ko ƙungiyoyin juriya.

Motsa jiki mai daukar nauyi kamar tafiya ko motsa jiki, da kuma rashin tasirin motsa jiki kamar horon koyon keke ko keke, kuma zai iya zama da amfani. Dukansu zasu iya taimakawa ƙarfafa kasusuwa a ƙafafunku, kwatangwalo, da ƙananan kashin baya.

Outlook

Osteoporosis yana shafar mutane da yawa a duk faɗin duniya, kuma kodayake a halin yanzu ba magani, ana samun magunguna. Magunguna, maganin hormone, da motsa jiki na iya ƙarfafa ƙasusuwa da jinkirin ƙashin ƙashi.

Idan kana da osteoporosis, yi magana da likitanka. Tattauna kowane magani mai yuwuwa da canjin rayuwa. Tare, zaku iya yanke shawara kan shirin magani wanda yafi muku kyau.