Duk abin da yakamata ku sani Game da Poikilocytosis

Wadatacce

• Kwayar cututtuka na poikilocytosis
• Menene ke haifar da poikilocytosis?
• Binciken cututtukan poikilocytosis
• Menene nau'ikan poikilocytosis?
• Pheanƙararrawa
• Stomatocytes (ƙwayoyin bakin)
• Codocytes (ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta)
• Liftocytes
• Kwayoyin sikila (drepanocytes)
• Elliptocytes (masu amfani)
• Dacryocytes (ƙwayoyin hawaye)
• Acanthocytes (ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta)
• Echinocytes (burr sel)
• Schizocytes (shirye-shirye)
• Yaya ake magance cutar poikilocytosis?
• Menene hangen nesa?

Menene poikilocytosis?

Poikilocytosis shine lokacin kiwon lafiya don samun ƙwayoyin jini ja (RBCs) marasa kyau a cikin jininka. Kwayoyin jinin da ba su dace ba ana kiran su poikilocytes.

A yadda aka saba, RBCs na mutum (wanda kuma ake kira erythrocytes) masu fasali ne mai faifai tare da shimfida cibiyar a ɓangarorin biyu. Poikilocytes na iya:

• zama flatter fiye da na al'ada
• zama mai tsayi, mai siffar jinjirin wata, ko mai siffa da hawaye
• da pointy tsinkaya
• da wasu fasali mara kyau

RBCs suna ɗaukar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki zuwa kyallen takarda da gabobin jikinku. Idan RBC ɗinku suna da siffa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, ƙila ba za su iya ɗaukar isashshen oxygen ba.

Poikilocytosis yawanci yakan haifar da wani yanayin rashin lafiya, kamar rashin jini, cutar hanta, shan giya, ko kuma rashin jinin da aka gada. A saboda wannan dalili, kasancewar poikilocytes da sifar ƙwayoyin halittu marasa kyau suna taimakawa wajen binciko wasu yanayin likita. Idan kana da poikilocytosis, wataƙila kana da yanayin da ke buƙatar magani.

Kwayar cututtuka na poikilocytosis

Babban alama ta poikilocytosis shine samun adadi mai yawa (sama da kashi 10) na RBC mai siffa mara kyau.

Gabaɗaya, alamun cututtukan poikilocytosis sun dogara da yanayin asali. Hakanan ana iya ɗaukar Poikilocytosis alama ce ta sauran cututtuka da yawa.

Alamun yau da kullun na sauran cututtukan da suka shafi jini, kamar rashin jini, sun haɗa da:

• gajiya
• kodadde fata
• rauni
• karancin numfashi

Waɗannan alamomin na musamman sakamakon rashin isashshen iskar oxygen da ake isarwa zuwa kyallen takarda da gabobin jiki.

Menene ke haifar da poikilocytosis?

Poikilocytosis yawanci sakamakon wani yanayin ne. Yanayin Poikilocytosis na iya gado ko samu. Yanayin gado yana haifar da maye gurbi. Yanayin da aka saya yana haɓaka daga baya a rayuwa.

Abubuwan da aka gada na poikilocytosis sun hada da:

• cutar sikila, cutar ƙwayar cuta da ke tattare da RBC tare da wata ɓarna
• thalassaemia, wata cuta ta jini wacce jiki yakan sanya haemoglobin mara kyau
• rashi kinase
• Ciwo na McLeod, cuta ce da ba ta dace ba da ke haifar da jijiyoyi, zuciya, jini, da kwakwalwa. Kwayar cutar yawanci tana zuwa sannu a hankali kuma tana farawa a tsakiyar girma
• gado elliptocytosis
• spherocytosis na gado

Abubuwan da aka samo asali na poikilocytosis sun hada da:

• rashin isasshen ƙarfe, anemia mafi yawan jini da ke faruwa yayin da jiki ba shi da isasshen ƙarfe
• karancin jini na megaloblastic, karancin jini yawanci sanadiyyar rashi a cikin kwaya ko bitamin B-12
• autoimmune hemolytic anemias, ƙungiyar rikice-rikicen da ke faruwa yayin da tsarin rigakafi ya lalata RBCs bisa kuskure
• hanta da cutar koda
• shaye-shaye ko cutar hanta mai alaƙa da giya
• gubar dalma
• jiyyar cutar sankara
• cututtuka masu tsanani
• ciwon daji
• myelofibrosis

Binciken cututtukan poikilocytosis

Duk jariran da aka haifa a Amurka ana duba su don wasu cututtukan jini, kamar cutar sikila. Ana iya bincikar Poikilocytosis yayin gwajin da ake kira smear blood. Ana iya yin wannan gwajin yayin gwajin jiki na yau da kullun, ko kuma idan kuna fuskantar alamun da ba a bayyana ba.

A yayin shafa jini, likita ya shimfida siririn jini a kan sikirin microscope kuma ya tozarta jinin don taimakawa wajen banbanta kwayoyin. Daga nan sai likita ya kalli jinin a karkashin wani madubin hangen nesa, inda za a iya ganin girma da siffofi na RBCs.

Ba kowane RBC bane zai ɗauki sifa mara kyau. Mutanen da ke da poikilocytosis suna da sifofin sifa iri ɗaya waɗanda aka gauraya da ƙwayoyin sifofin da ba daidai ba. Wani lokaci, akwai nau'ikan poikilocytes daban-daban da ke cikin jini. Likitanku zai yi ƙoƙari ya gano wane nau'i ya fi yawa.

Bugu da ƙari, likitanku na iya yin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don gano abin da ke haifar da RBC ɗinku marasa kyau. Likitanku na iya yi muku tambayoyi game da tarihin lafiyarku. Tabbatar da gaya musu game da alamunku ko kuma idan kuna shan magunguna.

Misalan wasu gwaje-gwajen bincike sun hada da:

• cikakken jini (CBC)
• matakan baƙin ƙarfe
• gwajin ferritin
• bitamin B-12 gwajin
• folate gwajin
• gwajin hanta
• kasusuwa da kasusuwa
• gwajin kinase

Menene nau'ikan poikilocytosis?

Akwai nau'ikan poikilocytosis daban-daban. Nau'in ya dogara da halaye irin na RBC mai rikitarwa. Duk da yake yana yiwuwa a sami sama da nau'in poikilocyte fiye da ɗaya a cikin jini a kowane lokaci, yawanci nau'i ɗaya zai ninka sauran.

Pheanƙararrawa

Spherocytes ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin zagaye ne waɗanda ba su da madaidaiciya, madaidaiciyar launi mai launi iri-iri na RBCs a kai a kai. Ana iya ganin Spherocytes a cikin yanayin masu zuwa:

• spherocytosis na gado
• autoemmune hemolytic rashin jini
• halayen jini na hemolytic
• rikicewar rikicewar ƙwayar salula

Stomatocytes (ƙwayoyin bakin)

Babban ɓangaren ƙwayar stomatocyte na elliptical ne, ko kuma tsattsagewa, maimakon zagaye. Stomatocytes galibi ana bayyana su da mai kamannin baki, kuma ana iya ganin su a cikin mutane masu:

• shaye-shaye
• cutar hanta
• stomatocytosis na gado, wata cuta ta baƙincikin kwayoyin halitta inda membrane ya kwarara sodium da ion potassium

Codocytes (ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta)

Codocytes wasu lokuta ana kiran su ƙwayoyin manufa saboda suna kama da bullseye. Codocytes na iya bayyana a cikin yanayin masu zuwa:

• thalassaemia
• cututtukan hanta
• cutar haemoglobin C
• mutanen da kwanan nan aka cire musu ƙwayoyin cuta (splenectomy)

Duk da cewa ba abu bane na yau da kullun, ana iya ganin kodin a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar sikila, ƙarancin baƙin ƙarfe, ko gubar gubar.

Liftocytes

Sau da yawa ana kiran su wafer cells, leptocytes na sirara ne, madaidaitan ƙwayoyin halitta tare da haemoglobin a gefen tantanin halitta. Leptocytes ana ganin su a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar thalassaemia da waɗanda ke da cutar hanta mai saurin hanawa.

Kwayoyin sikila (drepanocytes)

Kwayoyin sikila, ko kuma drepanocytes, suna elongated, masu kama da jinjirin RBC. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta sune sifofin halayyar cutar sikila da haemoglobin S-thalassaemia.

Elliptocytes (masu amfani)

Elliptocytes, wanda ake kira ovalocytes, yana da ɗan oval zuwa siffar sigari tare da ƙarancin ƙarewa. Yawancin lokaci, kasancewar adadi mai yawa na elliptocytes yana nuna yanayin gado wanda aka sani da gado elliptocytosis. Ana iya ganin matsakaiciyar lambobi na elliptocytes a cikin mutane masu:

• thalassaemia
• myelofibrosis
• cirrhosis
• rashin isasshen ƙarfe
• karancin jini mai karfin jini

Dacryocytes (ƙwayoyin hawaye)

Hawaye erythrocytes, ko dacryocytes, sune RBCs tare da ƙarshen zagaye ɗaya da ƙarshen ma'ana ɗaya. Ana iya ganin wannan nau'in poikilocyte a cikin mutane masu:

• beta-thalassaemia
• myelofibrosis
• cutar sankarar bargo
• karancin jini mai karfin jini
• karancin jini

Acanthocytes (ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta)

Acanthocytes suna da mummunan tsinkayen ƙaya (da ake kira spicules) a gefen murfin tantanin halitta. Ana samun acanthocytes a cikin yanayi kamar:

• abetalipoproteinemia, wani yanayi mai saurin yaduwa wanda ke haifar da rashin ikon shan wasu mai
• mummunan cutar hanta mai giya
• bayan splenectomy
• autoimmune hemolytic rashin jini
• cutar koda
• thalassaemia
• Ciwon McLeod

Echinocytes (burr sel)

Kamar acanthocytes, echinocytes suma suna da tsinkaye (spicules) a gefen membrane ɗin tantanin halitta. Amma waɗannan tsinkaye yawanci suna tazara kuma suna faruwa sau da yawa fiye da acanthocytes. Echinocytes ana kuma kiransu burr cells.

Ana iya ganin Echinocytes a cikin mutane da yanayin masu zuwa:

• rashi kinase, rashin lafiyar gado wanda ya shafi rayuwar RBC
• cutar koda
• ciwon daji
• nan da nan biyo bayan karin jini na tsofaffin jini (echinocytes na iya samarwa yayin adana jini)

Schizocytes (shirye-shirye)

Schizocytes sune RBCs. Yawancin lokaci ana ganin su a cikin mutane masu fama da cutar hawan jini ko kuma suna iya bayyana a cikin martani ga sharuɗɗan da ke tafe:

• sepsis
• mai tsanani kamuwa da cuta
• konewa
• rauni na nama

Yaya ake magance cutar poikilocytosis?

Maganin poikilocytosis ya dogara da abin da ke haifar da yanayin. Misali, ana iya maganin poikilocytosis wanda ya haifar da karancin bitamin B-12, folate, ko iron ta hanyar shan kari da kuma kara yawan wadannan bitamin din a cikin abincinku. Ko kuma, likitoci na iya magance cutar ta asali (kamar cutar celiac) wanda ƙila ya haifar da rashi da farko.

Mutanen da ke da alamun rashin jini na gado, kamar cutar sikila ko thalassaemia, na iya buƙatar ƙarin jini ko dusar ƙashi don kula da yanayin su. Mutanen da ke da cutar hanta na iya buƙatar dasawa, yayin da waɗanda ke da mummunan cututtuka na iya buƙatar maganin rigakafi.

Menene hangen nesa?

Hannun hangen nesa na poikilocytosis ya dogara da dalilin da kuma yadda ake saurin bi da ku. Anaemia da rashin ƙarfe ke haifarwa ana iya magance shi kuma galibi ana iya warkar da shi, amma yana iya zama da haɗari idan ba a yi maganinsa ba. Wannan gaskiya ne idan kuna da ciki. Anaemia a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da rikitarwa na ciki, gami da lahani na haihuwa (kamar lahani na bututun neural).

Anaemia da aka samu sakamakon rikicewar kwayar halitta irin su sickle cell anemia zai buƙaci magani na tsawon rai, amma ci gaban likita na baya-bayan nan ya inganta hangen nesa ga waɗanda ke da wasu cututtukan jini.