Gurɓatar iska: menene menene, sakamako da yadda za'a rage

Wadatacce

• Iri gurɓataccen abu
• Babban gurɓataccen iska da sakamakon kiwon lafiya
• 1. Carbon monoxide
• 2. Sulfur dioxide
• 3. Nitrogen dioxide
• 4. Kayan aiki na musamman
• 5. Gubar
• 6. Ozone
• Yadda ake rage gurbatacciyar iska

Gurbatar iska, wanda kuma aka fi sani da gurbatar iska, ana alakanta shi da kasancewar gurbatattun abubuwa a sararin samaniya a cikin adadin da tsawon lokacin da ke da illa ga mutane, shuke-shuke da dabbobi.

Wadannan gurɓatattun abubuwa na iya haifar da su daga tushen anthropogenic, kamar ayyukan masana'antu, fitowar motocin motsa jiki da ƙone datti a sarari, misali, ko kuma daga asalin halitta, kamar wuta, iska mai ƙarfi ko fashewar dutse.

Duk waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa suna da lahani ga lafiya kuma suna iya haifar da matsalolin numfashi, ƙyamar fata, idanu da ƙwayoyin mucous, munanan cututtukan da suka shafi numfashi, ko ma ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa.

Don haka, yana da mahimmanci a dauki matakan hanawa da rage gurbatar iska, kamar kara amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa, amfani da safarar jama'a, hana gobara da kara wuraren kore, misali.

Iri gurɓataccen abu

Ana iya raba gurɓatattun iska zuwa gurɓataccen na farko da na sakandare. Babban gurbataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi ne, kuma na biyu masu gurɓatarwa sune waɗanda ake samarwa a cikin sararin samaniya ta hanyar tasirin sinadarai tsakanin masu gurɓataccen yanayi da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin yanayin.

Hakanan, ana iya sanya gurɓatattun gurɓatattun abubuwa a matsayin na ɗabi'a ko na rayuwar ɗan adam:

Kai gurɓataccen yanayi sakamakon tushe na halitta kamar toka da gas daga fitowar aman wuta, yashi da ƙurar hadari, bazuwar dabbobi da shuke-shuke, barbashi da hayaki daga gobarar daji, ƙurar sararin samaniya, ƙarancin yanayi, gas daga bazuwar kwayoyin halitta da iska daga teku. da kuma tekuna.

Kai gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu su ne waɗanda ke haifar da aikin mutum, kamar yadda lamarin yake ga tushen gurɓataccen masana'antu, motocin da ke amfani da mai, burbushin ƙona shara a fili da ƙona datti, amfani da kayayyaki masu ɗanɗano, ƙone mai a cikin masana'antu da thermoelectric da hayakin aikin sunadarai.

San manyan haɗarin shaƙar hayaƙin wuta.

Babban gurɓataccen iska da sakamakon kiwon lafiya

Babban gurɓataccen iska na waje da sakamakon sa ga lafiya da muhalli sune:

1. Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide gas ne mai kama da wuta kuma mai guba sosai, wanda ke haifar da yawancin hayakin taba da ƙarancin mai, kamar waɗanda motocin motsa jiki ke fitarwa.

Sakamakon: wannan gurɓataccen abu yana rage ikon jini don jigilar oxygen zuwa ƙwayoyin halitta da na kyallen takarda, wanda zai iya lalata ayyukan aiki na fahimta da tunani, jinkirta tunani, haifar da ciwon kai, bacci, jiri da jiri, bugun zuciya, azaba, lalacewar ci gaban jarirai yayin ciki da a cikin yara ƙanana. Bugu da kari, zai iya kara tsananta cututtuka irin su mashako, emphysema da karancin jini. A wani matakin manya yana haifar da durkushewa, suma, lalacewar kwakwalwa da mutuwa.

2. Sulfur dioxide

Wannan gas ne mai tayar da hankali wanda ke haifar da yawancin konewar kwal da mai mai yawa a cikin tsire-tsire masu zafi, masana'antu da ƙone dizal da motoci. A cikin sararin samaniya ana iya jujjuya shi zuwa sulfuric acid.

Sakamakon: Sulfur dioxide na iya haifar da matsalar numfashi, musamman ga mutanen da ke fama da asma da mashako. Bugu da ƙari, yana rage ganuwa kuma, a cikin sararin samaniya, zai iya canza zuwa acid mai ƙirƙira, daga ƙarshe adanawa da haifar da lahani ga bishiyoyi, ƙasa da rayuwar ruwa ta ruwan sama na asid.

3. Nitrogen dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide gas ne mai tayar da hankali, mai guba sosai kuma tare da ƙarfin oxidizing, wanda a cikin sararin samaniya za a iya canza shi zuwa nitric acid da ƙwayoyin nitrates. Wannan gurɓataccen sakamako yana haifar da sakamako mafi yawa daga ƙona mai da ake yi da motocin hawa da girke-girke na thermoelectric da na masana'antu.

Sakamakon: Nitrogen dioxide na iya haifar da hangula da cutar huhu, cutar asma da mashako mai ci gaba, da ƙara saukin kamuwa da cututtuka na numfashi, kamar mura da mura. Bugu da kari, hakan ma yana taimakawa wajen rage gani da sanya nitric acid, sakamakon canza shi zuwa yanayi, na iya lalata bishiyoyi, ƙasa da rayuwar ruwa a cikin tabkuna.

4. Kayan aiki na musamman

Ananan abubuwa shine saitin ƙananan, ƙarancin haske da ɗigon ruwa waɗanda aka dakatar da su a cikin sararin samaniya, saboda ƙananan girman su. Abubuwan da ke cikin waɗannan ƙananan ya dogara da tushen gurɓataccen abu, kamar ƙone garwashi a cikin tsire-tsire masu amfani da wutar lantarki da kayan aikin masana'antu, ƙona man dizal daga motoci, tsire-tsire na ciminti, gobara, gobara, ayyukan gini da aerosol, misali.

Sakamakon: Waɗannan ƙwayoyin na iya haifar da fushin hanci da maƙogwaro, lalacewar huhu, mashako, da ci gaba da ciwon mashako da asma. Idan abubuwan da ke dauke da guba sun hada da gubar, cadmium, biphenyls da / ko dioxins, za su iya haifar da maye gurbi, matsalolin haihuwa da cutar kansa. Kari akan haka, wasu daga wadannan abubuwan ma suna rage gani kuma suna iya haifar da lahani ga bishiyoyi, kasa da rayuwar ruwa.

5. Gubar

Gubar wani ƙarfe ne mai guba, wanda ya samo asali ne daga zanen tsoffin gine-gine, matatun mai, ƙera gubar, batura da man gas, misali.

Sakamakon: Wannan gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu yana tarawa cikin jiki kuma yana iya haifar da lahani ga tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, kamar raunin hankali, matsalolin narkewa ko ma cutar kansa. Kari kan haka, shi ma yana da mummunan tasiri kan rayuwar namun daji. San yadda ake gane alamun cutar gubar.

6. Ozone

Ozone is a gas mai matukar tasiri da hargitsi, wanda ke haifar da hayaki daga motocin hawa da kayan aikin masana'antu. Ozone da ke cikin layin sama na sararin samaniya yana kariya daga haskoki na ultraviolet na rana, amma, idan aka same shi kusa da ƙasa, sai ya zama abu mai gurɓataccen abu, wanda zai zama mai saurin zama a lokacin zafi, tsananin hasken rana da yanayin bushewa.

Sakamakon: Kamar sauran gurɓatattun abubuwa, ozone kuma yana iya haifar da matsalolin numfashi, tari, haushi da idanu, hanci da maƙogwaro, ƙara tsananin cututtuka kamar asma, mashako, emphysema da cututtukan zuciya, rage juriya ga cututtukan numfashi, da hanzarta tsokar huhu mai tsufa. Kari akan hakan, hakan yana taimakawa wajen lalata tsirrai da bishiyoyi da kuma rage gani.

Yadda ake rage gurbatacciyar iska

Ana iya rage gurɓatar iska ta hanyar ɗaukar matakai kamar:

• Sauyawa daga burbushin halittu tare da kuzari masu sabuntawa;
• Preaunar motsi da ci gaba mai ɗorewa, kamar su keke, tafiya da jigilar jama'a;
• Cire tsofaffin motocin daga zagayawa;
• Ofara wuraren kore a muhallin birane da kuma wuraren da ake tozarta dazuzzuka;
• Bunkasa kiyaye yankuna gandun daji;
• Rage amfani da magungunan kwari;
• Rage bude wuta;
• Karfafa masana'antu don amfani da kayan aiki kamar matattara da matattara don riƙe hayaki da gurɓataccen abu.

Har ila yau, duba shuke-shuken gida da ke taimakawa tsaftace iska da inganta kiwon lafiya.

Hakanan yana da matukar mahimmanci a yawaita sanya ido kan ingancin iska domin samar da shirye-shirye don rage gurɓacewa da kimanta ingancin sa game da sarrafa ingancin iska. Nazarin ingancin iska yana da mahimmanci ga masu tsara manufofi game da tasirin da haɗarin da ke tattare da su, yana ba su damar tsara ayyukan jama'a da manufofi.