Retinitis pigmentosa: Menene shi, Cutar cututtuka da Jiyya

Wadatacce

• Yadda ake ganewa
• Yadda za'a tabbatar
• Babban Sanadin
• Sauran nau'in retinitis
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Retinitis, wanda ake kira retinosis, ya ƙunshi jerin cututtukan da suka shafi kwayar ido, wani muhimmin yanki na bayan ido wanda ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin da ke da alhakin ɗaukar hotuna. Yana haifar da bayyanar cututtuka kamar rashin gani a hankali da ikon rarrabe launuka, kuma yana iya haifar da makanta.

Babban abin da ke haifar da cutar ita ce retinitis pigmentosa, cuta mai saurin lalacewa wacce ke haifar da rashin gani a hankali, mafi yawan lokuta, sanadiyyar cututtukan kwayoyin halitta da na gado. Bugu da kari, wasu abubuwan da ka iya haifar da cutar ta retinitis na iya hadawa da cututtuka, kamar su cytomegalovirus, herpes, kyanda, syphilis ko fungi, raunin ido da aikin guba na wasu magunguna, kamar su chloroquine ko chlorpromazine, alal misali.

Kodayake babu magani, yana yiwuwa a magance wannan cuta, wanda ya dogara da abin da ya haifar da tsananin raunin, kuma yana iya haɗawa da kariya daga hasken rana da ƙarin bitamin A da omega 3.

Yadda ake ganewa

Kwayar cutar retinitis tana shafar aikin ƙwayoyin photoreceptor, waɗanda ake kira cones da sanduna, waɗanda ke ɗaukar hotuna a launi da kuma cikin yanayin duhu.

Zai iya shafar 1 ko duka idanu biyu, kuma manyan alamun alamun da zasu iya bayyana sune:

• Haskewar gani;
• Rage ko sauya damar gani, musamman a mahalli marasa haske;
• Makantar dare;
• Rashin hangen nesa ko canji na filin gani;

Rashin hangen nesa na iya tsananta a hankali, a matakin da ya bambanta gwargwadon sanadinsa, kuma har ma yana iya haifar da makanta a cikin idon da abin ya shafa, wanda kuma ake kira amaurosis. Bugu da kari, kwayar cutar ta kwayar ido na iya faruwa a kowane zamani, daga haihuwa har zuwa girmanta, wanda ya sha bamban da dalilinsa.

Yadda za'a tabbatar

Gwajin da ke gano kwayar ido shine na bayan ido, wanda likitan ido ya yi, wanda ke gano wasu launuka masu duhu a cikin idanu, a surar gizo-gizo, wanda aka fi sani da jijiyoyi.

Kari akan haka, wasu gwaje-gwajen da zasu taimaka wajan gano cutar sune gwaje-gwajen gani, launuka da filin gani, gwajin kimiyyar gani da ido, lantarki da kuma hangen nesa, misali.

Babban Sanadin

Kwayar cututtukan kwayar cuta da ake samu akasari ana haifar da ita ne ta hanyar cututtukan da aka gada, wadanda ake yadawa daga iyaye zuwa ga yara, kuma wannan gadon dabi'ar na iya tashi ta hanyoyi 3:

• Autosomal rinjaye: inda mahaifa daya tilo ya yada don yaron ya kamu;
• Autosomal koma baya: wanda a ciki ya zama dole ga iyaye biyu su watsa kwayar halittar haihuwa don yaron ya kamu;
• Haɗa zuwa X chromosome: ana daukar kwayar cutar ta kwayoyin haihuwa, tare da mata dauke da kwayar cutar da ta kamu, amma tana yada cutar, galibi, ga yara maza.

Bugu da ƙari, wannan cuta na iya haifar da ciwo, wanda ƙari ga shafar idanu, na iya yin lahani ga wasu gabobin da ayyukan jiki, kamar su ciwon Usher.

Sauran nau'in retinitis

Hakanan za'a iya haifar da kwayar cutar ta wani irin kumburi a cikin tantanin ido, kamar su cututtuka, amfani da magunguna har ma da naushin ido. Kamar yadda rashin hangen nesa a cikin waɗannan lamuran ya kasance tabbatacce kuma ana iya sarrafa shi tare da magani, wannan yanayin ana kiran shi maƙarƙashiyar ƙwayar cuta.

Wasu daga cikin manyan dalilai sune:

• Cytomegalovirus cutar kamuwa da cuta, ko CMV, wanda ke cutar da idanun mutane tare da wasu matsalolin rashin kariya, kamar masu cutar kanjamau, kuma ana yin maganinsu da ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar Ganciclovir ko Foscarnet, misali;
• Sauran cututtuka ta ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar yadda yake a cikin nau'ikan cututtukan herpes, kyanda, rubella da kaza, ƙwayoyin cuta kamar Treponema pallidum, wanda ke haifar da cutar sankarau, parasites kamar Toxoplasma gondii, wanda ke haifar da toxoplasmosis da fungi, kamar su Candida.
• Amfani da magunguna masu guba, kamar su Chloroquine, Chlorpromazine, Tamoxifen, Thioridazine da Indomethacin, alal misali, waxannan magunguna ne da ke samar da buqatar sanya ido a lokacin amfani da su;
• Blow a cikin idanu, saboda rauni ko hatsari, wanda ka iya lalata aikin kwayar ido.

Ire-iren wadannan cututtukan na retinitis galibi suna shafar ido daya ne kawai.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Retinitis ba shi da magani, duk da haka akwai wasu jiyya, wanda likitan ido ya jagoranta, wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen sarrafawa da hana ci gaban cutar, kamar ƙarin bitamin A, beta-carotene da omega-3.

Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a sami kariya daga ɗaukar haske zuwa gajeren zango, tare da amfani da tabarau tare da kariya ta UV-A da masu toshe B, don hana saurin cutar.

Sai dai kawai game da cututtukan da ke haifar da cuta, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da ƙwayoyi irin su maganin rigakafi da ƙwayoyin cuta, don warkar da kamuwa da cutar da rage lalacewar kwayar ido.

Bugu da kari, a yayin da rashin hangen nesa ya riga ya faru, likitan ido na iya ba da shawarwari na kayan aiki kamar gilashin kara girman abu da kayan aikin komputa, wadanda za su iya zama masu amfani don inganta rayuwar wadannan mutane.