Botulism: menene menene, alamu da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Dalilin botulism
• Yadda ake ganewar asali
• Yadda za a guji

Botulism cuta ce mai tsanani amma ba kasafai ake samunta ba sakamakon aikin dafin botulinum wanda kwayar cuta ke samarwa Clostridium botulinum, wanda za'a iya samo shi a cikin ƙasa da abinci mai ƙarancin abinci. Kamuwa da wannan kwayar cuta na iya haifar da cututtukan ciki, kamar tashin zuciya, amai da gudawa, kuma, idan ba a kula da su ba, na iya haifar da nakasar tsoka.

Dangane da yadda guba da kwayoyin cuta suke shiga jiki, ana iya rarraba cutar zuwa:

• Abincin botulism, wanda mutane ke samun ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar cin gurɓataccen abinci ko adana shi da kyau;
• Raunin botulism, a ciki Clostridium botulinum cutar mutum ta hanyar gurɓata raunuka, yawanci gyambon ciki, rauni ko rauni da allura suka yi wa masu amfani da ƙwayoyi;
• Bugul na hanji, wanda kwayar cuta ke gyara kanta a cikin hanji kuma ta ninka, tare da samar da guba da sha daga jiki. Irin wannan botulism ya fi zama ruwan dare ga mutanen da suka yi aikin tiyata, suna da cutar Crohn ko kuma sun yi amfani da maganin rigakafi na dogon lokaci, wanda ke canza microbiota na hanji.

Yana da mahimmanci a gano botulism ta hanyar jini da gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin don a fara magani a kuma hana ci gaban cutar, wanda ka iya haifar da nakasa ko mutuwa.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Kwayar cututtukan botulism yawanci suna bayyana tsakanin awanni 4 da 36 bayan dafin ya shiga cikin jiki. Mafi girman tarin guba a cikin jini, da sannu alamun cutar suka bayyana, manyan sune:

• Bashin bakin;
• Gani biyu;
• Fall na fatar ido na sama;
• Matsalar fuskantar hangen nesa akan abubuwa kusa;
• Ciwan ciki;
• Zazzaɓi;
• Amai;
• Cramps;
• Gudawa;
• Matsalar magana da hadiya;
• Rashin ci gaba na tsokoki na numfashi;
• Raunin jijiyoyin kafa.

Yayinda cutar ta ci gaba, alamomin sun zama masu tsanani da kasala, galibi saboda raunin tsokoki na numfashi, wanda ke haifar da wahalar numfashi, wanda ka iya haifar da mutuwa saboda gurguntar da jijiyoyin numfashi.

Dangane da botulism na jarirai, wanda yake halin shigar kwayoyin cuta cikin jiki da kuma samar da gubobi mai zuwa, hoton asibiti na iya bambanta daga taurin ciki zuwa mutuwa kwatsam. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci gano botulism a alamomin farko don ayi magani. Ara koyo game da botulism na jarirai.

Dalilin botulism

Botulism yawanci ana haifar dashi ne ta hanyar cin abincin da kwayoyin cuta suka lalata shi da kuma gubarsa. Babban abin da ke haifar da botulism na jarirai shi ne shan zuma kafin shekarar farko ta haihuwa, domin a wannan matakin jaririn bai riga ya samu ingantaccen tsarin garkuwar jiki ba, kasancewar sa mai kamuwa da cututtuka ta hanyar kwayoyin cuta.

Kayan adana gida suna wakiltar babban haɗarin kamuwa da cutar ta Clostridium botulinum, saboda kasancewar danshi da abinci mai gina jiki kuma idan babu iskar oxygen kwayoyin cuta na iya ninkawa da kuma samar da gubobi masu iya tsayayya da enzymes masu narkewa na jiki, wanda ke haifar da guban abinci.

Kayan lambu, kifi, 'ya'yan itacen marmari da kayan yaji sune tushen abinci. Naman sa, kayayyakin kiwo, naman alade da naman kaji da sauran abinci na iya kuma dauke da kwayoyin cuta ko kuma botulinum toxin. Ga yadda za a guji gurɓatar abinci.

Yadda ake ganewar asali

Likitan ne ya gano asalin cutar ta botulism ta hanyar nazarin alamomin da mai haƙuri ya gabatar, ban da gwajin jini ko najasar dake nuna kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta a jiki. Bayan an gano cutar, ana farawa da magani kuma ya kamata a yi shi, zai fi dacewa, a cikin mahallin asibiti daga gudanar da maganin anti-botulinum wanda ke nufin kawar da tasirin dafin a jiki. Fahimci yadda ake kula da botulism.

Yadda za a guji

Hanya mafi kyau ta hana botulism ita ce ta tsabtace abinci kafin a shirya da kuma cinye ta, ban da kula da yanayin ajiya, ba barin abinci a cikin yanayi mai zafin jiki sama da 15ºC, misali. Bugu da kari, ana ba da shawarar a guji cin abincin gwangwani da ke cikin gwangwani ko gilashin gilashi, ko kuma ke da canji a kan ƙamshi ko kamannin abincin.