Menene bugun jini na kashin baya?

Wadatacce

• Menene alamun cutar bugun jini?
• Me ke haifar da bugun jini?
• Raunin jijiyoyi a cikin yara
• Binciken asali na bugun jini
• Yaya ake magance bugun jini?
• Matsalolin bugun jini na kashin baya
• Saukewa da hangen nesa

Bayani

Rashin bugun jini, wanda kuma ake kira bugun ƙugu, yana faruwa lokacin da aka yanke jinin zuwa ga layin. Cordarjin baya wani ɓangare ne na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS), wanda kuma ya haɗa da kwakwalwa. Lokacin da aka yanke jinin, igiyar kashin baya iya samun iskar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki. Theyallen da ke cikin layin baya na iya lalacewa kuma ba za su iya aika motsin jijiyoyi (saƙonni) zuwa sauran jikinku ba. Wadannan jijiyoyin jijiya suna da mahimmanci don sarrafa ayyukan jiki, kamar motsa hannu da kafafu, da barin gabobinku suyi aiki yadda yakamata.

Mafi yawan shanyewar kashin baya ana haifar da shi ne sakamakon toshewar jijiyoyin jini da ke bayar da jini ga kashin baya, kamar daskararren jini. Wadannan ana kiran su bugun jini na asibiti. Numberananan ƙananan bugun jini na baya suna haifar da jini. Wadannan ana kiran su bugun jini na baya.

Rashin bugun jini ya bambanta da bugun jini wanda ke shafar ƙwaƙwalwa. A cikin bugun ƙwaƙwalwa, jinin da ke ba wa kwakwalwa ya yanke. Strowararrun kashin baya ba su da yawa fiye da shanyewar jiki da ke shafar ƙwaƙwalwa, abin da ke ƙasa da kashi biyu cikin ɗari na duka shanyewar jiki.

Menene alamun cutar bugun jini?

Alamomin bugun jijiyoyin baya sun dogara da wane ɓangaren ƙwayar jijiya da abin ya shafa da kuma yadda lalacewa ta kasance a cikin kashin baya.

A mafi yawan lokuta, bayyanar cututtuka za su bayyana ba zato ba tsammani, amma suna iya zuwa awanni bayan bugun jini ya auku. Kwayar cutar sun hada da:

• kwatsam da tsananin wuya ko ciwon baya
• rauni na tsoka a kafafu
• matsaloli masu sarrafa hanji da mafitsara (rashin nutsuwa)
• jin kamar akwai takun saka a kusa da gangar jikin
• jijiyoyin tsoka
• rashin nutsuwa
• tingling majiyai
• inna
• rashin jin zafi ko sanyi

Wannan ya bambanta da bugun ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda kuma yana haifar da:

• wahalar magana
• matsalolin hangen nesa
• rikicewa
• jiri
• kwatsam ciwon kai

Me ke haifar da bugun jini?

Rashin bugun jini yana haifar da rikicewa cikin samar da jini zuwa kashin baya. Mafi yawan lokuta, wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon taƙaitaccen jijiyoyin jini (jijiyoyin jini) waɗanda ke ba da jini ga lakar kashin baya. Kunkasa jijiyoyin jini ana kiranta atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis yana haifar da tarin abubuwa.

Jijiyoyin jikinsu yawanci kunkuntar kuma suna raunana yayin da muke tsufa. Koyaya, mutanen da ke da yanayi masu zuwa suna cikin haɗarin samun ƙarancin rauni ko jijiyoyin jiki:

• hawan jini
• babban cholesterol
• ciwon zuciya
• kiba
• ciwon sukari

Mutanen da ke shan sigari, da yawan shan giya, ko waɗanda ba sa motsa jiki a kai a kai suma suna cikin haɗari.

Za'a iya haifar da bugun jini lokacin da daskarewar jini ya toshe ɗayan jijiyoyin da ke samar da jijiyoyin. Jigon jini na iya yin komai a cikin jiki kuma yayi tafiya a cikin hanyoyin jini har sai ya makale a cikin jijiyar da aka takaita saboda tambari. Wannan ana kiransa azaman bugun jini mai ciwo.

Percentagearamin kashi na bugun jini yana faruwa yayin da ɗayan jijiyoyin da ke ba da jijiyoyin ƙashi suka buɗe kuma suka fara zubar jini. Dalilin wannan nau'in bugun jini na kashin baya, wanda kuma ake kira bugun jini, shine hawan jini ko kuma wata ɓarkewar jini da ke fashewa. Tashin hankali wani kumburi ne a bangon jijiyar.

Kadan da yawa, bugun kashin baya na iya zama rikitarwa ga waɗannan sharuɗɗan:

• ciwace-ciwacen daji, ciki har da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta
• nakasawar jijiyoyi na kashin baya
• rauni, kamar harbin bindiga
• tarin fuka ko wasu cututtuka a kewayen kashin baya, kamar ƙura
• matsawa ta kashin baya
• cauda equine ciwo (CES)
• tiyatar ciki ko ta zuciya

Raunin jijiyoyi a cikin yara

Rashin bugun jini a cikin yaro yana da wuya ƙwarai. Dalilin bugun jini na baya ga yara ya bambanta da na manya. Mafi yawan lokuta, shanyewar kashin baya a cikin yaro yana haifar da ko dai rauni ga kashin baya, ko yanayin haɗuwa wanda ke haifar da matsaloli tare da jijiyoyin jini ko kuma shafar ƙin jini. Yanayin ciki wanda ke haifar da shanyewar jiki a cikin yara ya haɗa da:

• rashin nakasawa mara kyau, yanayin da ke haifar da ƙananan gungu na mahaukaci, faɗaɗa jijiyoyin jini da ke zubar da jini lokaci-lokaci
• rashin daidaito na arteriovenous, tangle mara kyau na tasoshin cikin kwakwalwa ko laka
• cutar moyamoya, wani yanayi ne mai wuya inda wasu jijiyoyi a ƙasan kwakwalwa suke takure
• vasculitis (kumburin jijiyoyin jini)
• matsalar daskarewa
• rashin bitamin K
• cututtuka, kamar cutar sankarau
• cutar sikila
• maganin ƙwaƙwalwar jijiyoyin ciki a cikin jariri
• wani rikitarwa na aikin tiyata na zuciya

A wasu lokuta, ba a san dalilin bugun jijiyoyin wuya a cikin yaro ba.

Binciken asali na bugun jini

A asibiti, likita zai yi tambaya game da tarihin lafiyarku kuma ya yi gwajin jiki. Dangane da alamunku, likitanku na iya tsammanin matsala tare da laka. Suna iya son yin sarauta da wasu sharuɗɗan da zasu iya sanya matsin lamba a kan lakar kashin baya, kamar zamewar diski, ƙari, ko ƙura.

Don bincika cutar bugun jini, likitanku zai iya ɗaukar hoton haɓakaccen maganadisu, wanda ake kira MRI. Irin wannan hoton yana kirkirar hotunan kashin baya wanda yafi daki-daki tsada.

Yaya ake magance bugun jini?

Ana amfani da jiyya don magance dalilin bugun jini da rage alamun, alal misali:

• Don kula da daskarewar jini, za a iya ba ka magungunan da aka sani da antiplatelet da magunguna masu guba, kamar su asfirin da warfarin (Coumadin). Wadannan kwayoyi suna rage damar sake samun wani jini.
• Don hawan jini, za a iya rubuta maka wani magani wanda ke rage hawan jininka.
• Don yawan cholesterol za'a iya rubuta maka magani don rage hawan jininka, kamar su statin.
• Idan ka shanye ko rasa jin dadi a wasu sassan jikin ka, zaka iya buƙatar maganin jiki da na aiki don adana aikin tsokokin ka.
• Idan kana fama da matsalar fitsari, zaka iya amfani da bututun fitsari.
• Idan bugun ƙugu ya haifar da ƙari, ana amfani da corticosteroids don rage kumburi. Za a cire ƙwayar cutar ta hanyar tiyata.

Idan kun sha sigari, wataƙila za a ce ku daina. Don inganta hawan jini da matakan cholesterol, ya kamata kuma ku ci daidaitaccen lafiyayyen abinci mai cike da 'ya'yan itace, kayan marmari, da hatsi.

Matsalolin bugun jini na kashin baya

Rikitarwa sun dogara ne akan wane ɓangaren kashin baya ya shafa. Misali, idan rage jini zuwa gaban kashin baya ya ragu, kafafun ka zasu iya shanyayye na dindindin.

Sauran matsalolin sun hada da:

• wahalar numfashi
• m inna
• rashin hanjin ciki da mafitsara
• lalata jima'i
• tsoka, haɗin gwiwa, ko ciwon jijiya
• ciwon kai saboda rashin jin dadi a wasu sassan jiki
• matsalolin sautin tsoka, kamar su farfaɗowa (matsewa mara ƙarfi a cikin tsokoki) ko rashin sautin tsoka (flaccidity)
• damuwa

Saukewa da hangen nesa

Saukewa da kuma hangen nesa gaba ɗaya ya dogara da yadda yawancin lakar kashin baya ke shafar da lafiyar ku gaba ɗaya, amma yana yiwuwa a sami cikakken dawowa akan lokaci. Mutane da yawa ba za su iya yin tafiya na ɗan lokaci ba bayan bugun jini na kashin baya kuma za su buƙaci amfani da bututun fitsari.

A cikin wani binciken da aka yi game da mutanen da suka sami bugun jini a kashin baya, kashi 40 cikin 100 sun sami damar yin tafiya da kansu bayan matsakaicin lokacin bin shekaru 4.5, kashi 30 cikin ɗari na iya tafiya tare da taimakon tafiya, kuma kashi 20 cikin ɗari suna tafiya ne da keken hannu. Hakazalika, kimanin kashi 40 cikin 100 na mutane sun dawo aiki na al'ada na mafitsara, kimanin kashi 30 cikin 100 suna da matsaloli na lokaci-lokaci tare da rashin jituwa, kuma kashi 20 cikin ɗari suna buƙatar amfani da bututun fitsari.