Thalassaemia: menene menene, bayyanar cututtuka da zaɓuɓɓukan magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Nau'in Thalassemia
• 1. Alpha Thalassaemiya
• 2. Thalassaemia Beta
• Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali
• Yadda ake yin maganin
• 1. Thalassemia karami
• 2. Matsakaiciyar thalassaemia
• 3. Thalassaemia babba
• Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa

Thalassemia, wanda aka fi sani da Bahar Rum anemia, cuta ce ta gado wacce ke tattare da lahani a cikin samar da haemoglobin, wanda ke da alhakin jigilar oxygen zuwa ƙwayoyin cuta.

Bayyanannun cututtukan thalassaemia sun dogara da yawan sarƙoƙin da abin ya shafa a haemoglobin da nau'in maye gurbi da ya faru, wanda zai iya haifar da gajiya, ci gaban baya, ɓarna da ƙwanƙwasa, misali.

Thalassaemia cuta ce ta kwayar halitta da gado, ba mai yaduwa ko lalacewar abinci mai gina jiki ba, amma, game da wasu nau'ikan thalassaemia, magani na iya ƙunsar abincin da ya dace. Duba yadda ake yin abincin thalassaemia.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Gabaɗaya, ƙaramin nau'in thalassaemia, wanda shine mafi ƙasƙanci nau'in cutar, yana haifar da ƙananan ƙarancin jini da rashin ƙarfi, wanda ba a saba lura da shi ga mai haƙuri. Koyaya, babban tsari, wanda shine mafi tsananin nau'in cuta, na iya haifar da:

• Gajiya;
• Rashin fushi;
• Raunin tsarin garkuwar jiki da raunin kamuwa da cututtuka;
• Bunkasar girma;
• Numfashi gajere ko wahala mai sauƙi;
• Gwanin;
• Rashin ci.

Bugu da kari, bayan lokaci cutar kuma na iya haifar da matsala a cikin saifa, hanta, zuciya da kasusuwa, ban da jaundice, wanda shi ne launin rawaya na fata da idanu.

Nau'in Thalassemia

Thalassaemiya ya kasu kashi biyu a cikin haruffa da haruffa bisa tsarin layin duniya da abin ya shafa. Dangane da alpha thalassaemia, akwai raguwa ko rashin samar da sarƙar alpha hemoglobin, yayin da beta thalassaemia akwai raguwa ko rashin samar da sarƙoƙin beta.

1. Alpha Thalassaemiya

Hakan na faruwa ne sakamakon sauyin kwayoyin alpha-globin na haemoglobins na jini, kuma ana iya raba shi zuwa:

• Halin Alpha thalassaemia: an bayyana shi da ƙananan ƙarancin jini saboda raguwar sarkar alpha-globin guda ɗaya tak;
• Hemoglobin H cutar: wanda ke kasancewa da rashin samar da 3 daga cikin 4 alpha genes da ke da alaƙa da alpha globin sarkar, ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan mahimmancin cutar;
• Hemoglobin hydrops na ciwon tayin tayi: ita ce mafi tsananin nau'in thalassaemia, tunda ana alakanta shi da rashin dukkan kwayoyin halittar alpha, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar ɗan tayi koda a lokacin ciki;

2. Thalassaemia Beta

Hakan na faruwa ne sakamakon canji a cikin kwayoyin beta-globin na haemoglobins na jini, kuma ana iya raba shi zuwa:

• Thalassemia karami (ƙarami) ko yanayin Beta-thalassaemia: wanda yana daya daga cikin mafi sauki cikin cututtukan, wanda mutum baya jin alamun shi, saboda haka ana binciken shi ne kawai bayan gwajin jini. A wannan yanayin, ba a ba da shawarar aiwatar da takamaiman magani a cikin rayuwa ba, amma likita na iya ba da shawarar amfani da sinadarin folic acid don hana ƙananan anemias;
• Matsakaiciyar Beta-Thalassemia: yana haifar da karancin jini ƙarancin jini, kuma yana iya zama dole ga mara lafiya ya karɓi ƙarin jini lokaci-lokaci;
• Beta thalassemia babba ko babba: hoto ne mafi tsanani na asibiti na betas thalassaemia, tunda babu samar da sarƙoƙin beta globin, suna buƙatar mai haƙuri ya karɓi ƙarin jini a kai a kai don rage matakin karancin jini. Kwayar cututtukan sun fara bayyana a shekarar farko ta rayuwa, suna kasancewa da larurar jiki, yawan gajiya, yawan bacci, tashin hankali, fitattun kasusuwa, hakoran da basu dace ba da kuma kumburin ciki saboda gabobin jiki.

A cikin yanayin babban cutar thalassaemia, har yanzu zaka iya ganin a hankali fiye da ci gaban da aka saba, yana sa yaro ya zama mai gajarta kuma ya fi siriri fiye da yadda ake tsammani na shekarunsu. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin marasa lafiyar da ke karɓar ƙarin jini a kai a kai, yawanci ana nuna amfani da magunguna da ke hana ƙarfe a jiki.

Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali

Ana gano cutar thalassaemia ne ta hanyar gwajin jini, kamar kidayar jini, baya ga electromhoresis na haemoglobin, da nufin tantance nau'in haemoglobin da ke yawo a cikin jini. Duba yadda ake fassara electromhoresis na haemoglobin.

Hakanan za'a iya yin gwajin kwayar halitta don tantance kwayoyin halittar dake da alhakin cutar da kuma banbanta nau'in thalassaemia.

Bai kamata a yi gwajin dunduniyar diddige ba don gano thalassaemia, saboda a haihuwa haihuwar hamoglobin mai banbanci ce kuma ba ta da sauye-sauye, kasancewar ana iya tantance thalassaem bayan watanni shida na rayuwa.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Dole ne likita ya jagoranci maganin thalassaemia kuma yawanci ya bambanta gwargwadon tsananin cutar:

1. Thalassemia karami

Wannan shine mafi sauƙin cutar kuma baya buƙatar takamaiman magani. Gabaɗaya, mutum baya jin alamun, amma dole ne ya zama sanadin ɓarkewar ƙarancin jini a yanayi kamar tiyata, cututtuka masu tsanani, yanayi na babban damuwa ko yayin ciki.

Gabaɗaya, likitanku na iya ba da shawarar yin amfani da sinadarin folic acid, bitamin da ke motsa samar da ƙwayoyin jini kuma yana taimaka wajan kawar da ƙarancin jini. Duba abinci mai wadataccen folic acid da kuma yadda abinci zai taimaka wajan magance thalassaemia.

2. Matsakaiciyar thalassaemia

Gabaɗaya, maganin wannan nau'in thalassaemiya ana yin sa ne tare da ƙarin jini yayin ƙuruciya, idan yaro yana da raunin girma, ko kuma a cikin yanayin da akwai ƙwarin girma da hanta.

3. Thalassaemia babba

Ita ce mafi munin nau'in cutar, wanda mutum ke buƙatar karɓar ƙarin jini na rayuwa, kowane mako 2 zuwa 4, ya danganta da matakin ƙarancin jini. An fara magani da wuri, ƙananan rikicewar cutar na gaba.

Mutane masu cutar thalassaemia na iya zama ƙarshen baƙin ƙarfe a jiki saboda ƙarin ƙarin jini, don haka likita na iya ba da magungunan ƙwayoyin baƙin ƙarfe, waɗanda ke ɗaura baƙin ƙarfe a cikin jiki kuma su hana wucewarta. Ana iya ba da waɗannan magungunan kai tsaye cikin jijiya sau 5 zuwa 7 a mako ko kuma ta hanyar ƙwayoyi.

Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa

Rikicin Thalassemia yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin matsakaiciyar cuta mai tsanani, musamman lokacin da ba a kula da ita yadda ya kamata.

A cikin tsaka-tsakin yanayin cutar, rikitarwa na iya zama:

• Lalacewa a cikin kasusuwa da hakora;
• Osteoporosis;
• Duwatsu masu tsalle;
• Ciwon kafa, saboda rashin isashshen oxygen a sassan jiki;
• Matsalar koda;
• Babban haɗarin thrombosis;
• Matsalar zuciya.

A cikin mawuyacin yanayi, rikitarwa kamar nakasar kashi da hakori, faɗaɗa hanta da baƙin ciki da kumburin zuciya na iya faruwa.