Menene Ingantaccen havwarewar havabi'a

Wadatacce

• Yadda yake aiki
• Mafi yawan rikicewar fahimta

Fahimtar-halayyar halayya ta ƙunshi haɗuwa da ilimin halayyar fahimta da halayyar ɗabi'a, wanda shine nau'in ilimin halayyar ɗan adam wanda aka haɓaka a cikin shekarun 1960, wanda ke mai da hankali kan yadda mutum ke aiwatarwa da fassara yanayin da hakan ke haifar da wahala.

Fassara, wakilci ko dangana ma'anar ga wasu yanayi ko mutane, ana nuna su cikin tunani na atomatik, wanda hakan ke kunna tsarin asali marasa sani: tsari da imani.

Don haka, irin wannan tsarin yana nufin gano akida da tunani marasa inganci, wadanda ake kira gurbatattun fahimta, suna gano hakikanin gaskiya kuma suna gyara su, don canza wadancan gurbatattun akidu, wadanda suke haifar da wadannan tunani.

Yadda yake aiki

Yin maganin halayyar mutum yana mai da hankali ne kan rikicewar fahimta na yanzu, ba tare da yin watsi da al'amuran da suka gabata ba, yana taimaka wa mutum ya gyara halayya, imani da gurɓacewa dangane da halin da ke haifar da wahala da motsin zuciyar da yake da shi a wannan yanayin, ta hanyar koyon sabuwar hanya. don amsawa.

Da farko, masanin halayyar dan adam yayi cikakkun bayanai domin fahimtar yanayin tunanin mara lafiyan. A yayin zaman, akwai sa hannu a tsakanin mai ilimin kwantar da hankali da mara lafiyan, wanda ke magana game da abin da ke damun shi, kuma a cikin abin da masanin halayyar dan Adam ke mayar da hankali kan matsalolin da ke damun rayuwarsa, da kuma fassara ko ma'anonin da ake dangantawa da su , taimakawa wajen fahimtar wadannan matsalolin. Ta wannan hanyar, ana gyara tsarin halayen maladaptive kuma ana haɓaka ci gaban mutum.

Mafi yawan rikicewar fahimta

Gurbataccen tunani hanyoyi ne gurbatattu wadanda mutane suke fassara wasu al'amuran yau da kullun, kuma hakan yana da mummunan sakamako ga rayuwarsu.

Yanayi iri ɗaya na iya haifar da fassarori da halaye daban-daban, amma galibi, mutanen da ke da rikicewar fahimta, koyaushe suna fassara su ta mummunar hanya.

Mafi yawan rikicewar fahimta:

• Astarfafawa, a cikin abin da mutum yake da mummunan zato da mummunan ra'ayi game da halin da ya faru ko zai faru, ba tare da la'akari da wasu sakamako masu yiwuwa ba.
• Tunanin motsin rai, wanda ke faruwa yayin da mutum ya ɗauka cewa motsin zuciyar sa gaskiya ne, ma'ana, ya ɗauki abin da yake ji a matsayin cikakkiyar gaskiya;
• Bayanin rarrabuwar kai, wanda mutum ke ganin yanayi a cikin rukuni biyu keɓaɓɓu kawai, masu fassara yanayi ko mutane ta cikakkiyar magana;
• Abun zabi, wanda bangare daya kawai na halin da aka bayar aka nuna shi, musamman mara kyau, watsi da kyawawan halaye;
• Karatun tunani, wanda ya kunshi zato da imani, ba tare da hujja ba, a cikin abin da wasu mutane ke tunani, watsar da wasu zato;
• Yin lakabi, ya kunshi yiwa mutum lakabi da ayyana shi ta wani yanayi, ya ware;
• Ragewa da haɓakawa, wanda ke haɓaka da rage halaye na mutum da ƙwarewa da ƙara lahani;
• Imperatives, wanda ya ƙunshi tunani game da yanayi kamar yadda ya kamata su kasance, maimakon mai da hankali kan yadda abubuwa suke a zahiri.

Fahimci kuma ga misalan kowane ɗayan waɗannan gurɓataccen ilimin.