Cutar da ke kama nufashi

Cutar rashin lafiya mai tsanani (ARDS) yanayin huhu ne mai barazanar rai wanda ke hana isasshen iskar oxygen shiga cikin huhu da cikin jini. Jarirai ma na iya samun ciwo na rashin numfashi.

ARDS na iya haifar da kowane babban rauni kai tsaye ko kai tsaye zuwa huhu. Dalilai na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• Numfashi mai numfashi a cikin huhu (buri)
• Shakar sinadarai
• Dasa kayan huhu
• Namoniya
• Harshen sifa (kamuwa da cuta cikin jiki)
• Rauni

Dogaro da yawan oxygen a cikin jini da lokacin numfashi, tsananin ARDS an ƙididdige shi azaman:

• Mai sauki
• Matsakaici
• Mai tsananin

ARDS yana haifar da tarin ruwa a cikin jakar iska (alveoli). Wannan ruwan yana hana isashshen oxygen zuwa cikin jini.

Ruwan ruwa yana sa huhu su yi nauyi da ƙarfi. Wannan yana rage ikon huhu ya fadada. Matsayin oxygen a cikin jini na iya zama mai ƙananan haɗari, koda kuwa mutum ya karɓi oxygen daga injin numfashi (mai amfani da iska) ta cikin bututun numfashi (endotracheal tube).

ARDS yakan faru tare da gazawar sauran tsarin gabobin, kamar hanta ko koda. Shan sigari da yawan shan giya na iya zama abubuwan haɗari ga ci gabanta.

Kwayar cutar yawanci tana tasowa tsakanin awanni 24 zuwa 48 na rauni ko rashin lafiya. Yawancin lokaci, mutanen da ke tare da ARDS suna rashin lafiya sosai ba za su iya yin gunaguni game da alamun ba. Kwayar cututtuka na iya haɗawa da kowane ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Rashin numfashi
• Saurin bugun zuciya
• Pressureananan hawan jini da gazawar gabobi
• Saurin numfashi

Sauraron kirji tare da stethoscope (auscultation) yana nuna sautukan numfashi mara kyau, kamar ƙararrawa, waɗanda na iya zama alamun ruwa a cikin huhu. Sau da yawa, karfin jini yana da ƙasa. Cyanosis (shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, lebe, da ƙusoshin da ya haifar da rashin isashshen oxygen zuwa ƙwayoyin cuta) ana yawan gani.

Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su don tantance cutar ta ARDS sun haɗa da:

• Gas na jini na jini
• Gwajin jini, ciki har da CBC (cikakken ƙidayar jini) da magungunan ƙwayoyin jini
• Jini da fitsarin al'adu
• Bronchoscopy a cikin wasu mutane
• Kirjin x-ray ko CT scan
• Al'adar Turawa da nazari
• Gwaji don yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta

Ana iya buƙatar echocardiogram don kawar da gazawar zuciya, wanda zai iya kama da ARDS a kan x-ray na kirji.

ARDS galibi ana buƙatar kulawa da shi a cikin sashin kulawa mai ƙarfi (ICU).

Manufar magani ita ce samar da goyon baya na numfashi da kuma magance dalilin ARDS. Wannan na iya ƙunsar magunguna don magance cututtuka, rage ƙonewa, da cire ruwa daga huhu.

Ana amfani da iska don isar da isassun ƙwayoyin oxygen da matsin lamba mai kyau ga huhun da ya lalace. Mutane galibi suna buƙatar nutsuwa sosai da magunguna. Yayin magani, masu ba da kiwon lafiya suna yin duk ƙoƙari don kare huhu daga ƙarin lalacewa. Jiyya galibi na taimakawa har huhu ya warke.

Wani lokaci, ana yin magani mai suna extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). A lokacin ECMO, ana tace jini ta cikin inji don samar da iskar oxygen da cire carbon dioxide.

Yawancin dangin mutane da ke tare da ARDS suna cikin matsanancin damuwa. Sau da yawa suna iya sauƙaƙa wannan damuwa ta hanyar shiga ƙungiyoyin tallafi inda membobin suke raba abubuwan da suka dace da matsaloli.

Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mutanen da ke fama da cutar ta ARDS sun mutu sanadiyyar cutar. Waɗanda ke rayuwa galibi suna dawowa da yawancin huhu na al'ada, amma mutane da yawa suna da lalacewar huhu na dindindin (galibi mai sauƙi).

Yawancin mutane da suka tsira daga ARDS suna da matsalar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ko wasu matsalolin ingancin rayuwa bayan sun murmure. Wannan saboda lalacewar kwakwalwa ne wanda ya faru lokacin da huhu basa aiki yadda yakamata kuma kwakwalwa bata samun isashshen oxygen. Wasu mutane na iya samun damuwa bayan tashin hankali bayan sun tsira da ARDS.

Matsalolin da zasu iya faruwa daga ARDS ko maganinta sun haɗa da:

• Rashin yawancin tsarin gabobi
• Lalacewar huhu, kamar huhu da ya ruɓe (wanda ake kira pneumothorax) saboda rauni daga injin numfashi da ake buƙata don magance cutar
• Pulmonary fibrosis (raunin huhu)
• Ciwon huda mai hade da iska

ARDS galibi yakan faru ne yayin wani rashin lafiya, wanda mutum ya rigaya yana asibiti. A wasu lokuta, lafiyayyen mutum yana da ciwon huhu mai tsanani wanda ke ƙara zama ARDS. Idan kana samun matsalar numfashi, kira lambar gaggawa ta gida (kamar 911) ko je dakin gaggawa.

Rashin ciwon huhu na huhu; -Ara-permeability na huhu na huhu; ARDS; Raunin huhu mai tsanani

• Mura da mura - abin da za a tambayi likitanka - baligi
• Sanyi da mura - abin da za a tambayi likitanka - yaro
• Lokacin da jaririn ku ko jaririn ku zazzabi

• Huhu
• Tsarin numfashi

Lee WL, Slutsky AS. Mutuwar rashin ƙarfi na numfashi da ARDS. A cikin: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Littafin rubutu na Murray da Nadel na Magungunan numfashi. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 100.

Matthay MA, Ware LB. M gazawar numfashi. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 96.

Seigel TA. Samun iska na inji da tallafi na iska mara tasiri. A cikin: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Magungunan gaggawa na Rosen: Ka'idoji da Aikin Gwajin Asibiti. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 2.