Diumananan sodium

Diumananan ƙwayar sodium wani yanayi ne wanda adadin sodium a cikin jini yake ƙasa da yadda yake. Sunan likita na wannan yanayin shine hyponatremia.

Ana samun sinadarin sodium akasari a cikin ruwan jiki a wajen ƙwayoyin. Sodium lantarki ne (ma'adinai). Yana da matukar mahimmanci don kiyaye hawan jini.Hakanan ana buƙatar sodium don jijiyoyi, tsokoki, da sauran kayan jikinsu suyi aiki daidai.

Lokacin da yawan sinadarin sodium da ke cikin ruwa a waje kwayoyin ya sauko ƙasa da yadda yake, ruwa yana motsawa cikin ƙwayoyin don daidaita matakan. Wannan yana sa ƙwayoyin su kumbura da ruwa da yawa. Kwayoyin kwakwalwa suna da matukar mahimmanci kumburi, kuma wannan yana haifar da da yawa daga cikin alamun ƙananan sodium.

Tare da ƙananan sodium (hyponatremia), rashin daidaituwa tsakanin ruwa zuwa sodium yana haifar da ɗayan yanayi uku:

• Euvolemic hyponatremia - duka ruwan jiki yana ƙaruwa, amma ƙoshin sodium na jiki ya kasance iri ɗaya
• Hypervolemic hyponatremia - duka sinadarin sodium da abun cikin ruwa a jiki yana ƙaruwa, amma samun ruwa yafi yawa
• Hypovolemic hyponatremia - ruwa da sodium dukansu sun ɓace daga jiki, amma asarar sodium ta fi girma

Diumananan sodium na jini na iya haifar da:

• Konewar da ke shafar babban yanki na jiki
• Gudawa
• Magungunan diuretic (kwayoyi na ruwa), wanda ke ƙara fitowar fitsari da asarar sodium ta cikin fitsari
• Ajiyar zuciya
• Cututtukan koda
• Ciwan hanta
• Cutar rashin lafiyar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ta jiki (SIADH)
• Gumi
• Amai

Kwayar cutar ta yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• Rikicewa, bacin rai, rashin nutsuwa
• Vunƙwasawa
• Gajiya
• Ciwon kai
• Rashin ci
• Raunin tsoka, spasms, ko cramps
• Tashin zuciya, amai

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi cikakken gwajin jiki kuma ya yi tambaya game da alamunku. Za ayi gwajin jini da na fitsari.

Gwajin gwaje-gwaje wanda zai iya tabbatarwa da taimakawa gano ƙananan sodium sun haɗa da:

• Panelididdigar ƙwayar cuta mai mahimmanci (ya haɗa da sodium na jini, matsakaicin yanayi shine 135 zuwa 145 mEq / L, ko 135 zuwa 145 mmol / L)
• Gwajin jini na Osmolality
• Fitsarin cikin ruwa
• Fitsarin sodium (matakin al'ada shine 20 mEq / L a cikin samfurin fitsari bazuwar, da kuma 40 zuwa 220 mEq kowace rana don gwajin fitsari na awa 24)

Dole ne a binciko dalilin sanadin karancin sodium. Idan cutar kansa ce sanadiyyar yanayin, to ashe jujjuyawar cuta, chemotherapy, ko kuma aikin tiyata don cire kumburin na iya gyara rashin daidaiton sodium.

Sauran jiyya sun dogara da takamaiman nau'in hyponatremia.

Jiyya na iya haɗawa da:

• Ruwan ruwa ta jijiya (IV)
• Magunguna don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka
• Iyakance shan ruwa

Sakamakon ya dogara da yanayin da ke haifar da matsalar. Soananan sodium da ke faruwa a ƙasa da awanni 48 (m hyponatremia), ya fi haɗari fiye da ƙananan sodium da ke tasowa a hankali a kan lokaci. Lokacin da matakin sodium ya faɗi sannu a hankali tsawon kwanaki ko makonni (cututtukan zuciya na kullum), ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa suna da lokaci don daidaitawa kuma kumburi na iya zama kadan.

A cikin yanayi mai tsanani, ƙaramin sodium na iya haifar da:

• Rage sani, raayi ko wauta
• Bayanin kwakwalwa
• Mutuwa

Lokacin da matakin sodium na jikinka ya sauka da yawa, zai iya zama gaggawa mai barazanar rai. Kira mai ba ku sabis nan da nan idan kuna da alamun wannan yanayin.

Yin maganin yanayin da ke haifar da karancin sodium na iya taimakawa.

Idan kun yi wasanni ko yin wasu ayyuka masu kuzari, ku sha ruwaye kamar shaye-shayen wasanni waɗanda ke ɗauke da lantarki don kiyaye matakin sodium na jikinku a cikin kewayon lafiya.

Hyponatremia; Dilutional hyponatremia; Euvolemic hyponatremia; Hypervolemic hyponatremia; Hypovolemic hyponatremia

Dineen R, Hannon MJ, Thompson CJ. Hyponatremia da hauhawar jini. A cikin: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, eds. Endocrinology: Manya da Yara. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 112.

M.ananan M. Tsarin gaggawa. A cikin: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, eds. Littafin rubutu na Magungunan gaggawa na Balagaggu. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2015: sashe na 12.