Ciwon daji na mafitsara

Ciwon mafitsara shine cutar kansa da ke farawa a cikin mafitsara. Mafitsara shine jikin da yake rike fitsari. Yana cikin tsakiyar ƙananan ciki.

Ciwon kansa na mafitsara galibi yana farawa ne daga ƙwayoyin da ke rufe mafitsara. Wadannan kwayoyin ana kiran su kwayoyin tsaka-tsakin yanayi.

Wadannan ciwace-ciwacen an rarraba su ta hanyar yadda suke girma:

• Illarywayoyin Papillary suna kama da warts kuma an haɗa su da ƙwanƙwasa.
• Carcinoma a cikin ciwace-ciwacen daji yana kwance. Ba su da yawa sosai. Amma sun fi mamayewa kuma suna da mummunan sakamako.

Ba a san ainihin abin da ke haifar da cutar kansa ta mafitsara ba. Amma abubuwa da yawa da zasu iya sa ku iya haɓaka shi sun haɗa da:

• Shan taba Sigari - Shan sigari yana kara kasadar kamuwa da cutar kansa ta mafitsara. Kusan rabin cutar kansa ta mafitsara hayaki sigari ne ke haifar da shi.
• Tarihin mutum ko na iyali na kansar mafitsara - Samun wani a cikin dangin mai cutar kansa na mafitsara yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da shi.
• Bayyanar sinadarai a wurin aiki - Ana iya haifar da cutar kansa ta mafitsara ta hanyar haɗuwa da sunadarai masu haddasa cutar kansa a wurin aiki. Wadannan sunadarai ana kiran su carcinogens. Masu aikin rini, ma'aikatan roba, masu aikin aluminium, masu aikin fata, direbobin manyan motoci, da masu neman maganin ƙwari suna cikin haɗari mafi girma.
• Chemotherapy - Cylophosphamide na maganin ƙwayar cuta na iya ƙara haɗarin cutar kansa ta mafitsara.
• Maganin fitila - Maganin fitila zuwa yankin ƙashin ƙugu don maganin cututtukan sankara, da na mahaifa, da na mahaifa, ko mahaifa na ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa ta mafitsara.
• Kamuwa da cutar-mafitsara - Cutar ta mafitsara mai dorewa (tashin hankali) ko kuma haushi na iya haifar da wani nau'in ciwon kansa na mafitsara.

Bincike bai nuna bayyananniyar hujja ba cewa amfani da kayan zaƙi na wucin gadi yana haifar da cutar kansa ta mafitsara.

Kwayar cutar kansar mafitsara na iya hadawa da:

• Ciwon ciki
• Jini a cikin fitsari
• Ciwo na ƙashi ko taushi idan ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa ƙashi
• Gajiya
• Fitsari mai zafi
• Yawan fitsari da gaggawa
• Fitsari (fitsari)
• Rage nauyi

Sauran cututtuka da halaye na iya haifar da irin wannan alamun. Yana da mahimmanci a ga likitan lafiyar ku don kawar da duk wasu dalilai da ka iya haifar.

Mai bayarwa zai yi gwajin jiki, gami da dubura na dubura da na mara.

Gwajin da za a iya yi sun hada da:

• CT scan na ciki da na mara
• Binciken ciki na MRI
• Cystoscopy (bincika ciki na mafitsara tare da kyamara), tare da biopsy
• Pyelogram na jijiyoyin jini - IVP
• Fitsari
• Fitsarin cikin fitsari

Idan gwaje-gwaje sun tabbatar kuna da kansar mafitsara, za a yi ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don ganin ko kansar ta bazu. Wannan ana kiran sa staging. Tsarin yana taimaka jagorantar magani na gaba da bibiya kuma yana ba ku ɗan ra'ayin abin da za ku yi tsammani a nan gaba.

TNM (ƙari, nodes, metastasis) ana amfani da tsarin tsaiko don ɗaukar kansar mafitsara:

• Ta - Ciwon daji yana cikin rufin mafitsara kawai kuma bai bazu ba.
• T1 - Ciwon daji yana wucewa ta cikin mafitsara mafitsara, amma bai kai ga tsokar mafitsara ba.
• T2 - Ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa ga tsokar mafitsara.
• T3 - Ciwon daji ya bazu bayan mafitsara a cikin kayan mai mai kewaye da shi.
• T4 - Ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa sassan da ke kusa kamar glandon prostate, mahaifa, farji, dubura, bangon ciki, ko bangon ƙugu.

Hakanan ana hada tarin nono dangane da yadda suke bayyana a karkashin madubin hangen nesa. Wannan shi ake kira grading ƙari. Wani ciwon ƙwayar cuta mai girma yana saurin girma kuma zai iya yaɗuwa. Ciwon daji na mafitsara na iya yadawa zuwa yankunan da ke kusa, gami da:

• Magungunan Lymph a ƙashin ƙugu
• Kasusuwa
• Hanta
• Huhu

Jiyya ya dogara da matakin kansar, tsananin alamun alamunku, da lafiyarku baki ɗaya.

Mataki na 0 kuma na jiyya:

• Yin aikin tiyata don cire ƙari ba tare da cire sauran mafitsara ba
• Chemotherapy ko immunotherapy sanya kai tsaye cikin mafitsara
• Immunotherapy da aka ba ta cikin jini tare da pembrolizumab (Keytruda) idan ciwon daji ya ci gaba da dawowa bayan matakan da ke sama

Mataki na II da na III jiyya:

• Yin aikin tiyata don cire duka mafitsara (mai tsada cystectomy) da ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph
• Yin aikin tiyata don cire wani ɓangare na mafitsara, sannan bi da bi da kuma jiyyar cutar sankara
• Chemotherapy don rage ƙwayar cutar kafin aikin tiyata
• Haɗuwa da chemotherapy da radiation (a cikin mutanen da suka zaɓi ba tiyata ko kuma waɗanda ba za su iya yin tiyata ba)

Yawancin mutane da ke da ƙari na IV ba za su iya warke ba kuma tiyata ba ta dace ba. A cikin waɗannan mutane, ana yin la'akari da chemotherapy.

CHEMOTHERAPY

Ana iya bai wa mutanen da ke da cutar mataki na II da na III ko kuma bayan tiyata don taimakawa hana kumburin dawowa.

Don cutar ta farko (matakai na 0 da na I), yawanci ana ba da cutar sankara kai tsaye cikin mafitsara.

GAGGAWA

Sau da yawa ana magance cututtukan da ke cikin mafitsara tare da rigakafin rigakafi. A wannan maganin, magani yana haifar da garkuwar jikinku don kai hari da kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Immunotherapy don farkon matakan ciwon daji na mafitsara ana yin shi ta amfani da maganin BacilleCalmette-Guerin (wanda aka fi sani da BCG). Idan ciwon daji ya dawo bayan amfani da BCG, za'a iya amfani da sababbi.

Kamar yadda yake tare da dukkan jiyya, ana iya samun sakamako masu illa. Tambayi mai ba ku irin illar da kuke tsammani, da abin da za ku yi idan sun faru.

Tiyata

Yin tiyata don ciwon daji na mafitsara ya haɗa da:

• Yankewar juzu'i na mafitsara (TURB) - Ana cire nama mai maƙarƙashiya ta mafitsara.
• Oraukewar ɓangaren ko gamawar mafitsara - Mutane da yawa da ke fama da cutar kansa ta II ko III na iya buƙatar cire mafitsararsu (mai tsaka-tsakin cystectomy). Wani lokaci, kawai an cire ɓangaren mafitsara. Ana iya ba da ƙwayar cuta kafin ko bayan wannan tiyatar.

Hakanan za'a iya yin aikin tiyata don taimakawa jikinka zubar da fitsari bayan an cire mafitsara. Wannan na iya haɗawa da:

• Hanyar bututun mai - createdaramar tafkin fitsari an kirkireshi ne ta wani ɗan gajeren hanjin ka. Ureter din da suke fitar da fitsari daga koda suna hade ne zuwa karshen wannan yanki. Ana fitar da sauran ƙarshen ta hanyar buɗewa a cikin fata (stoma). Stoma yana bawa mutum damar zubar da fitsarin da aka tara daga matattarar ruwa.
• Na'urar yin fitsari na cikin gida - Wata 'yar karamar jakar tara fitsari aka kirkira a jikinka ta hanyar amfani da wani hanji. Kuna buƙatar saka bututu a cikin buɗaɗɗen fata (stoma) a cikin wannan 'yar jakar don zubar da fitsarin.
• Orthotopic neobladder - Wannan tiyatar tana zama gama gari ga mutanen da aka cire mafitsararsu. Wani bangare na hanjinka ya dunkule domin yin 'yar jakar da zata tara fitsari. Ana haɗe shi da wurin da fitsari yakan fito daga mafitsara. Wannan aikin yana baka damar kiyaye wasu kayan aikin fitsari na al'ada.

Kuna iya sauƙaƙa damuwar rashin lafiya ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙungiyar tallafawa kansa. Yin tarayya tare da wasu waɗanda suke da masaniya da matsaloli na yau da kullun na iya taimaka muku kada ku ji ku kaɗai.

Bayan magani na cutar kansar mafitsara, likita zai sanya muku ido sosai. Wannan na iya haɗawa da:

• Binciken CT don bincika yaduwa ko dawowar cutar kansa
• Kula da alamomin da za su iya ba da shawarar cutar na ci gaba da tabarbarewa, kamar su gajiya, ragin nauyi, karin ciwo, rage aikin hanji da mafitsara, da rauni
• Kammala lissafin jini (CBC) don sa ido kan rashin jini
• Jarrabawar mafitsara duk bayan wata 3 zuwa 6 bayan jiyya
• Yin fitsari idan ba a cire mafitsara ba

Ta yaya mutumin da ke da cutar kansa ta mafitsara ya dogara da matakin farko da amsa ga maganin kansar mafitsara.

Hangen nesa don mataki na 0 ko na cutar kansa yana da kyau sosai. Kodayake haɗarin dawo da cutar kansa yana da yawa, yawancin cututtukan mafitsara da suka dawo ana iya cire su ta hanyar tiyata da warkewa.

Matsakaicin warkarwa ga mutanen da ke da kumburi na mataki na III bai kai kashi 50% ba. Mutanen da ke fama da cutar kansa ta mafitsara ba safai suke warkewa ba.

Ciwon daji na mafitsara na iya yaɗuwa cikin gabobin da ke kusa. Hakanan suna iya yin tafiya ta cikin ƙwayoyin lymph kuma su bazu zuwa hanta, huhu, da ƙashi. Complicationsarin rikitarwa na kansar mafitsara sun haɗa da:

• Anemia
• Kumburin fitsarin (hydronephrosis)
• Matsewar fitsari
• Rashin fitsari
• Cutar rashin daidaituwa a cikin maza
• Rashin jima'i a cikin mata
  

Kira wa masu ba ku sabis idan kuna da jini a cikin fitsarinku ko wasu alamomin cutar kansa na mafitsara, gami da:

• Yin fitsari akai-akai
• Fitsari mai zafi
• Bukatar gaggawa don yin fitsari

Idan ka sha taba, ka daina. Shan taba na iya kara kasadar kamuwa da cutar kansa ta mafitsara. Guji kamuwa da sinadarai masu nasaba da cutar kansa ta mafitsara.

Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta; Ciwon daji na mahaifa

• Cystoscopy
• Mace fitsarin mata
• Maganin fitsarin namiji

Cumberbatch MGK, Jubber I, Black PC, et al. Epidemiology na ciwon daji na mafitsara: nazari na yau da kullun da sabunta zamani game da abubuwan haɗari a cikin 2018. Eur Urol. 2018; 74 (6): 784-795. PMID: 30268659 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30268659/.

Yanar gizo Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Maganin ciwon daji na mafitsara (PDQ) - fasalin ƙwararrun masu kiwon lafiya. www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/hp/bladder-treatment-pdq. An sabunta Janairu 22, 2020. An shiga 26 ga Fabrairu, 2020.

Yanar gizo Yanar Gizon Cutar Kanjamau ta Kasa. NCCN jagororin aikin likita a cikin ilimin ilimin halittar jiki (jagororin NCCN): Ciwon daji na mafitsara. Sigar 3.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/bladder.pdf. An sabunta Janairu 17, 2020. An shiga 26 ga Fabrairu, 2020.

Smith AB, Balar AV, Milowsky MI, Chen RC. Carcinoma na mafitsara. A cikin: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff na Clinical Oncology. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 80.