Cutar sikila

Cutar sikila cuta ce da ta auku ta tsakanin iyalai. Jajayen ƙwayoyin jinin da suke fasalin al'ada kamar faifai suna ɗauke da sikila ko jinjirin wata. Jajayen jini suna daukar iskar oxygen cikin jiki.

Cututtukan sikila yana faruwa ne ta wani nau'in mahaukacin mahaukaci da ake kira haemoglobin S. Hemoglobin furotin ne a cikin ƙwayoyin jan jini wanda ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen.

• Hemoglobin S yana canza jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Kwayoyin jinin ja suna da rauni kuma suna kama da jinjirin wata ko sikila.
• Kwayoyin da ba na al'ada ba suna isar da ƙananan iskar oxygen zuwa kyallen takarda.
• Hakanan zasu iya zama cikin makale cikin ƙananan jijiyoyin jini kuma suyi kaca-kaca. Wannan na iya katse kwararar jini mai kyau kuma ya rage ƙari akan adadin iskar oxygen da ke gudana zuwa kyallen takarda.

Cutar sikila ta gaji iyayenta ne. Idan ka sami kwayar cutar sikila daga iyaye ɗaya, za ka sami halin sikila. Mutanen da ke da sikila ba su da alamun cutar sikila.

Cutar sikila ta fi zama ruwan dare ga mutanen asalin Afirka da na Bahar Rum. Hakanan ana ganinsa a cikin mutane daga Kudanci da Tsakiyar Amurka, Caribbean, da Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Kwayar cutar galibi ba ta faruwa sai bayan shekara 4 da haihuwa.

Kusan dukkan mutanen da ke fama da cutar sikila suna da yanayi mai raɗaɗi da ake kira rikice-rikice. Wadannan na iya wucewa daga awanni zuwa kwanaki. Rikici na iya haifar da ciwo a ƙananan baya, ƙafa, haɗin gwiwa, da kirji.

Wasu mutane suna da labari ɗaya kowane yearsan shekaru. Sauran suna da aukuwa da yawa kowace shekara. Rikicin na iya zama mai tsananin isa don buƙatar zaman asibiti.

Lokacin da karancin jini ya zama mafi tsanani, alamun cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Gajiya
• Launi
• Saurin bugun zuciya
• Rashin numfashi
• Raunin idanu da fata (jaundice)

Ananan yara masu cutar sikila suna da hare-haren ciwon ciki.

Wadannan alamun na iya faruwa saboda kananan hanyoyin jini sun toshe ta kwayoyin halitta marasa kyau:

• Tsara mai zafi da tsayi (priapism)
• Rashin gani ko makanta
• Matsaloli tare da tunani ko rikicewa da ƙananan bugun jini suka haifar
• Raunin marurai a ƙananan ƙafa (a cikin matasa da manya)

Bayan lokaci, saifa ya daina aiki. A sakamakon haka, mutanen da ke fama da cutar sikila na iya samun alamun cututtuka kamar:

• Ciwon ƙashi (osteomyelitis)
• Gallbladder kamuwa da cuta (cholecystitis)
• Ciwon huhu (ciwon huhu)
• Hanyar kamuwa da fitsari

Sauran alamu da alamomi sun haɗa da:

• Jinkirta girma da balaga
• Hadin gwiwa mai raɗaɗi da cututtukan zuciya suka haifar
• Zuciya ko gazawar hanta saboda ƙarfe da yawa (daga ƙarin jini)

Gwaje-gwajen da aka saba yi don ganowa da kuma lura da mutanen da ke fama da cutar sikila sun haɗa da:

• Bilirubin
• Jinkewar iskar oxygen a cikin jini
• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• Hemoglobin wutar lantarki
• Maganin creatinine
• Maganin sinadarin potassium
• Gwajin sikila

Manufar magani ita ce sarrafawa da sarrafa alamun, da kuma iyakance yawan rikice-rikice. Mutanen da ke fama da cutar sikila suna buƙatar ci gaba mai gudana, koda kuwa ba su da rikici.

Mutanen da ke da wannan yanayin ya kamata su sha maganin folic acid. Sinadarin folic acid yana taimakawa wajan samarda sabbin jajayen jini.

Jiyya don rikicin sikila ya haɗa da:

• Karin jini (kuma ana iya ba shi a kai a kai don hana bugun jini)
• Magungunan ciwo
• Ruwa mai yawa

Sauran jinyar cutar sikila na iya haɗawa da:

• Hydroxyurea (Hydrea), wanda ke taimakawa rage yawan lokutan ciwo (gami da ciwon kirji da matsalolin numfashi) a cikin wasu mutane
• Magungunan rigakafi, wanda ke taimakawa rigakafin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda aka saba da su ga yara masu cutar sikila
• Magungunan da suke rage yawan ƙarfe a jiki
• Sabbin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali don rage yawan mita da tsananin rikice rikice an yarda

Magungunan da ake buƙata don gudanar da rikitarwa na cutar sikila sun haɗa da:

• Dialysis ko dashen koda don cutar koda
• Nasiha don rikitarwa na hankali
• Cirewar mafitsara a cikin mutanen da ke da cutar gallstone
• Hip maye don necrosis na hanji na hip
• Yin tiyata don matsalolin ido
• Jiyya don yawan amfani ko zagi na magungunan ciwon narcotic
• Kulawa da rauni na ulcers

Kashin kashin jini ko dasawar kwayar halitta na iya warkar da cutar sikila, amma wannan magani ba shine zaɓi ga yawancin mutane ba. Mutanen da ke fama da cutar sikila galibi ba sa iya samun dacewar masu ba da ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cuta.

Mutanen da ke da cutar sikila ya kamata su sami waɗannan rigakafin don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta:

• Haemophilus mura maganin (Hib)
• Pneumococcal conjugate maganin (PCV)
• Pneumococcal polysaccharide rigakafin (PPV)

Kasancewa cikin ƙungiyar tallafi inda membobinta ke raba batutuwan yau da kullun na iya sauƙaƙa damuwar cutar mai tsanani.

A da, mutanen da ke fama da cutar sikila galibi suna mutuwa tsakanin shekaru 20 zuwa 40. Godiya ga kulawar zamani, yanzu mutane za su iya rayuwa zuwa shekaru 50 zuwa sama.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa sun hada da gazawar gabobi da kamuwa da cuta.

Kira mai ba da lafiyar ku idan kuna da:

• Duk wasu alamun kamuwa da cuta (zazzabi, ciwon jiki, ciwon kai, gajiya)
• Rikicin zafi
• Tsara mai raɗaɗi da dogon lokaci (a cikin maza)

Anemia - ƙwayar sikila; Hemoglobin SS cuta (Hb SS); Cutar Sikila

• Jajayen jini, sikila
• Kwayoyin jini ja - na al'ada
• Kwayoyin jinin ja - ƙwayoyin sikila da yawa
• Kwayoyin jini ja - ƙwayoyin sikila
• Kwayoyin jinin ja - sikila da Pappenheimer
• Abubuwan da aka kafa na jini
• Kwayoyin jini

Howard J. Cutar sikila da sauran cututtukan hemoglobinopathies. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 154.

Meier ER. Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don cutar sikila. Pediatr Clin Arewacin Am. 2018; 65 (3) 427-443. PMID 29803275 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29803275/.

Cibiyar Zuciya ta Zuciya da Cibiyar Nazarin Jini. Gudanar da hujja game da cutar sikila: rahoton kwamitin kwararru, 2014. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/evidence-based-management-sickle-cell-disease. An sabunta Satumba 2014. An shiga Janairu 19, 2018.

Saunthararajah Y, Vichinsky EP. Cutar sikila: sifofin asibiti da gudanarwa. A cikin: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Ka'idoji da Aiki. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 42.

Smith-Whitley K, Kwiatkowski JL. Hemoglobinopathies. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 489.