Gwaji don Autism

Wadatacce

• Wanene ya fi damar samun damar tabbatar da cutar ta Autism?
• Menene alamun rashin lafiya?
• Yaya ake bincikar Autism?
• Gano ci gaba
• M kimantawa halayya
• Gwajin kwayoyin halitta
• Awauki

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Autism, ko rashin lafiyar bakan (ASD), yanayin yanayin jijiya ne wanda ke haifar da bambance-bambance a cikin zamantakewar jama'a, sadarwa, da halayya. Binciken na iya bambanta, saboda babu mutane masu kamun kai iri ɗaya, kuma suna iya samun buƙatun tallafi daban-daban.

Autism bakan cuta (ASD) kalma ce mai laima wacce ta ƙunshi halaye daban-daban guda uku waɗanda ba a daɗa yin la'akari da bincikar hukuma a cikin Cutar Ciwon Hankali da Statididdigar Manyan Hauka (DSM-5):

• rashin lafiya
• rashin ci gaban ci gaba, ba a fayyace shi ba (PDD-NOS)
• Ciwon Asperger

A cikin DSM-5, duk waɗannan bincikar cutar yanzu an lasafta su a ƙarƙashin rukunin laima na ASD. ASD matakan 1, 2, da 3 suna nuna matakin tallafi ga mai cutar kansa zai iya buƙata.

Wanene ya fi damar samun damar tabbatar da cutar ta Autism?

Dangane da Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka (CDC), game da yara a Amurka suna da ASD a shekara ta 2016. Cutar rashin daidaituwa ta Autism na faruwa a duk faɗin ƙabilu, ƙabila, da zamantakewar tattalin arziki.

An yi tunanin ya fi dacewa tsakanin samari fiye da 'yan mata. Amma binciken da aka gudanar kwanan nan ya nuna cewa tunda yan mata masu fama da ASD galibi suna gabatar da abubuwa daban-daban idan aka kwatanta su da yara maza, za a iya bincikar su.

Girlsan mata kan ɓoye alamunsu saboda abin da aka sani da "tasirin kamfe." Saboda haka, ASD na iya zama gama gari ga 'yan mata fiye da yadda ake tsammani.

Babu sanannen magani ga ASD, kuma likitoci ba su gano ainihin abin da ke haifar da shi ba, kodayake mun san kwayoyin halitta suna taka rawa. Mutane da yawa a cikin al'ummomin da ba su da imani ba su yi imanin cewa ana bukatar magani ba.

Akwai abubuwa da yawa da zasu iya sa yaro ya kamu da cutar ASD, gami da abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli, ilmin halitta, da na kwayar halitta.

Menene alamun rashin lafiya?

Alamomin farko da alamun rashin lafiya sun bambanta sosai. Wasu yara masu cutar ASD kawai suna da alamun rashin lafiya, wasu kuma suna da lamuran ɗabi'a mai tsanani.

Yaran yara yawanci suna son hulɗa da mutane da kuma yanayin da suke zaune. Iyaye galibi sune farkon waɗanda za su lura cewa ɗansu yana nuna halaye marasa kyau.

Kowane yaro a kan yanayin bambance-bambance na fuskantar ƙalubale a fannoni masu zuwa:

• sadarwa (magana ko ba da baki ba)
• hulda da jama'a
• ƙuntatawa ko maimaita halaye

Farkon alamun cutar ASD na iya haɗa da mai zuwa:

• haɓaka ƙwarewar harshe a makare (kamar rashin yin magana da shekara 1 ko faɗin kalmomi masu ma'ana da shekara 2)
• ba nuna abubuwa ko mutane ba ko kuma ban kwana
• ba bin mutane da idanu ba
• nuna rashin amsawa lokacin da aka kira sunan su
• ba kwaikwayon yanayin fuska
• rashin miƙa hannu don ɗauka
• gudu zuwa ko kusa da ganuwar
• son kasancewa shi kadai ko kuma yin wasan solo
• ba yin wasannin kwaikwayo ko yin wasa ba (misali, ciyar da 'yar tsana)
• samun sha'awar sha'awa a cikin wasu abubuwa ko batutuwa
• maimaita kalmomi ko ayyuka
• haifar da rauni ga kansu
• da saurin fushi
• nuna halayya mai kyau game da yadda abubuwa suke wari ko dandanonsu

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa nuna ɗayan ko fiye da waɗannan halayen ba lallai yana nufin cewa yaro zai (cika ƙa'idodi) ya cancanci gwajin ASD ba.

Hakanan ana iya danganta waɗannan zuwa wasu yanayi ko kuma kawai la'akari da halaye na ɗabi'a.

Yaya ake bincikar Autism?

Doctors galibi suna binciken ASD tun suna yara. Koyaya, saboda alamun cuta da tsanani sun bambanta ƙwarai, rikicewar rikice-rikice na autism wani lokaci yana da wuyar ganewa.

Wasu mutane ba a bincikar su har sai sun girma.

A halin yanzu, babu wani gwaji na hukuma don bincikar cutar ta Autism. Iyaye ko likita na iya lura da alamun ASD da wuri a cikin ƙaramin yaro, kodayake ana buƙatar tabbatar da cutar.

Idan alamomi sun tabbatar da shi, ƙungiyar kwararru da ƙwararru yawanci za su yi aikin tantance cutar ta ASD. Wannan na iya haɗawa da masanin halayyar ɗan adam ko likitan ƙwaƙwalwa, likitan ci gaban yara, likitan jijiyoyi, da / ko likitan hauka.

Gano ci gaba

Farawa daga haihuwa, likitanka zai duba ɗanka don ci gaban haɓaka yayin ziyarar yau da kullun da kuma ziyarar yau da kullun.

Kwalejin Ilimin Yara na Amurka (AAP) ta ba da shawarar daidaitaccen gwajin keɓaɓɓen gwaji a cikin watanni 18 da 24 da haihuwa ban da sa ido na ci gaba gaba ɗaya.

Idan ka damu da ci gaban ɗanka, likitanka na iya tura ka zuwa ƙwararren likita, musamman ma idan ɗan’uwa ko wani dangi yana da ASD.

Kwararren zai gudanar da gwaje-gwaje kamar gwajin ji don kimanta rashin ji / wahalar ji don tantance ko akwai wani dalili na zahiri da ake lura da halayen.

Hakanan za su yi amfani da wasu kayan aikin bincike don autism, kamar Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT).

Lissafin kayan aiki kayan aikin bincike ne wanda iyaye suka cika. Yana taimakawa wajen tantance damar yaro na kamuwa da autism kamar ƙasa, matsakaici, ko babba. Jarabawar kyauta ce kuma tana da tambayoyi 20.

Idan gwajin ya nuna cewa ɗanka yana da babbar dama ta ciwon ASD, za su karɓi cikakken binciken bincike.

Idan ɗanka ya kasance a matsakaiciyar dama, tambayoyi masu biyo baya na iya zama dole don taimakawa cikakken rarraba sakamakon.

M kimantawa halayya

Mataki na gaba a ganewar asalin Autism shine cikakken gwajin jiki da na jijiyoyin jiki. Wannan na iya haɗawa da ƙungiyar kwararru. Kwararrun na iya haɗawa da:

• ci gaban likitocin yara
• masu ilimin halayyar yara
• yara neurologists
• masu magana da harshe
• masu ba da aikin yi

Imar na iya haɗawa da kayan aikin bincike. Akwai kayan aikin nunin ci gaba daban-daban. Babu wani kayan aiki guda daya da zai iya tantance rashin lafiyar. Maimakon haka, haɗuwa da kayan aiki da yawa ya zama dole don ganewar asali.

Wasu misalan kayan aikin bincike sun haɗa da:

• Tambayoyi na Matakai da Matakai (ASQ)
• Gwajin Autism Diagnostic - Revised (ADI-R)
• Jadawalin Bincike na Autism (ADOS)
• Autlaspe Siffar Sikeli (ASRS)
• Sikeli na Autimar Autism na Childhoodananan yara (CARS)
• Gwajin Raunin Rashin Cutar Ci Gaban Yawo - Mataki na 3
• Imar Iyaye game da Matsayi na Ci Gaban (PEDS)
• Girman Girman Girman Autism
• Kayan Bincike don Autism a Yara da Yara (STAT)
• Tambayar Sadarwa ta Zamani (SCQ)

A cewar, sabon bugun ofungiyar Psywararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararru ta Amurka (DSM-5) kuma yana ba da daidaitattun ka'idoji don taimakawa wajen gano cutar ta ASD.

Gwajin kwayoyin halitta

Kodayake an san yanayin rashin daidaito yanayin yanayi ne, gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta ba za su iya gano ko gano autism ba. Akwai kwayoyin halitta da yawa da kuma abubuwan da zasu iya taimakawa ga ASD.

Wasu dakunan gwaje-gwaje na iya gwadawa ga wasu daga cikin masu nazarin halittu waɗanda aka yi imanin cewa alamu ne ga ASD. Suna neman sanannun sanannun masu ba da gudummawar kwayoyin halitta, kodayake ƙalilan ne za su sami amsoshi masu amfani.

Sakamakon rashin daidaituwa akan ɗayan waɗannan gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin yana nuna cewa mai yiwuwa kwayoyin halitta sun ba da gudummawar kasancewar ASD.

Sakamakon na yau da kullun kawai yana nufin cewa an fitar da takamaiman mai ba da gudummawar kwayoyin halitta kuma har yanzu ba a san dalilin ba.

Awauki

ASD gama gari ne kuma bai kamata ya zama sanadin tashin hankali ba. Mutane masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na iya haɓaka kuma su sami al'ummomi don tallafi da kuma ƙwarewar da aka raba.

Amma bincikar ASD da wuri da kuma daidai yana da mahimmanci don bawa mutum mai rashin hankali damar fahimtar kansu da bukatunsu, kuma ga wasu (iyaye, malamai, da sauransu) don fahimtar halayensu da yadda za a amsa musu.

Neuroarfin ƙwaƙwalwar yaro, ko ikon daidaitawa dangane da sababbin ƙwarewa, shine mafi girma da wuri. Sa hannu a wuri na iya rage ƙalubalen da ɗanka zai iya fuskanta. Hakanan yana basu mafi kyawun damar samun yanci.

Idan ana buƙata, tsara hanyoyin kwantar da hankali don biyan buƙatun ɗanka na ɗanka na iya cin nasara wajen taimaka musu rayuwa mafi kyau. Ofungiyar kwararru, malamai, masu ilimin kwantar da hankali, likitoci, da iyaye yakamata su tsara shirin kowane ɗa.

Gabaɗaya, da farko an gano yaro, shine mafi kyawun hangen nesa.