Tsarin mahimmanci na thrombocythemia

Tsarin mahimmanci na thrombocythemia (ET) shine yanayin da ƙashin ƙashi ke samar da platelet da yawa. Platelets wani bangare ne na jini wanda ke taimakawa wajen daskarewar jini.

Sakamakon ET daga yawaitar platelet. Da yake waɗannan platelet ɗin ba sa yin aiki kullum, toshewar jini da zub da jini matsaloli ne na yau da kullun. Ba a yi masa magani ba, ET ya kara lalacewa a kan lokaci.

ET wani ɓangare ne na rukuni na yanayin da aka sani da cutar myeloproliferative. Sauran sun hada da:

• Cutar sankarar bargo mai lalacewa (ciwon daji wanda ke farawa a cikin ɓacin kashi)
• Polycythemia vera (cututtukan ɓarin kashi wanda ke haifar da hauhawar mahaukaci a cikin adadin ƙwayoyin jini)
• Myelofibrosis na farko (rikicewar ƙwayar kashin ciki wanda aka maye gurbin ɓarin da nama mai laushi)

Mutane da yawa tare da ET suna da maye gurbin kwayar halitta (JAK2, CALR, ko MPL).

ET ya fi kowa a cikin tsofaffi. Hakanan ana iya gani a cikin matasa, musamman mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 40.

Kwayar cututtukan jini na iya haɗawa da ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Ciwon kai (mafi yawan kowa)
• Jin zafi, sanyi, ko launin fuska a hannaye da ƙafa
• Jin jiri ko annuri
• Matsalar hangen nesa
• -Ananan bugun jini (hare-haren ischemic na ɗan lokaci) ko bugun jini

Idan zubar jini matsala ce, alamomin na iya haɗawa da ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Barami mai sauƙi da hanci
• Zub da jini daga sassan ciki, tsarin numfashi, sashin fitsari, ko fata
• Zuban jini daga gumis
• Zubar da jini na dogon lokaci daga hanyoyin tiyata ko cire hakori

Yawancin lokaci, ana samun ET ta hanyar gwajin jini da aka yi don wasu matsalolin kiwon lafiya kafin bayyanar cututtuka ta bayyana.

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya na iya lura da haɓakar hanta ko baƙin ciki akan gwajin jiki. Hakanan ƙila kuna samun kwararar jini mara kyau a yatsun kafa ko ƙafafun da ke haifar da lahani ga fata a waɗannan yankuna.

Sauran gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗawa da:

• Gwajin kasusuwa
• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• Gwajin kwayoyin halitta (don neman canji a cikin JAK2, CALR, ko MPL gene)
• Matakan Uric acid

Idan kana da rikitarwa na barazanar rai, kana iya samun magani da ake kira platelet pheresis. Yana saurin rage platelets a cikin jini.

Na dogon lokaci, ana amfani da magunguna don rage adadin platelet don kauce wa rikitarwa. Magungunan da aka fi amfani dasu sun hada da hydroxyurea, interferon-alpha, ko anagrelide. A cikin wasu mutane tare da maye gurbi na JAK2, ana iya amfani da takamaiman masu hana furotin na JAK2.

A cikin mutanen da ke cikin babban haɗarin daskarewa, asfirin a ƙaramin kashi (81 zuwa 100 MG kowace rana) na iya rage aukuwa na daskarewa.

Mutane da yawa ba sa buƙatar kowane magani, amma dole ne mai bin su ya bi su a hankali.

Sakamakon na iya bambanta. Yawancin mutane na iya tafiya na dogon lokaci ba tare da rikitarwa ba kuma suna da rayuwa ta yau da kullun. A cikin adadi kaɗan na mutane, rikitarwa daga zubar jini da zubar jini na iya haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani.

A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba, cutar na iya canzawa zuwa cutar sankarar bargo ko myelofibrosis.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Cutar sankarar bargo ko cutar sankara
• Zubar jini mai tsanani (zubar jini)
• Bugun jini, bugun zuciya, ko daskarewar jini a hannu ko ƙafa

Kira mai ba da sabis idan:

• Kuna da jinin da ba a bayyana ba wanda ke ci gaba fiye da yadda ya kamata.
• Kuna lura da ciwon kirji, ciwon ƙafa, rikicewa, rauni, rauni, ko wasu sababbin alamomi.

Tsarin thrombocythemia; Trombocytosis mai mahimmanci

• Kwayoyin jini

Mascarenhas J, Iancu-Rubin C, Kremyanskaya M, Najfeld V, Hoffman R. Mahimmancin thrombocythemia. A cikin: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Ka'idoji da Aiki. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 69.

Tefferi A. Polycythemia vera, thrombocythemia mai mahimmanci, da myelofibrosis na farko. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 166.