Cutar sankarau na sankarau

Cutar sankarau cuta ce ta membran da ke rufe kwakwalwa da laka. Ana kiran wannan suturar meninges.

Kwayar cuta wata cuta ce dake haifar da cutar sankarau. Kwayoyin cutar meningococcal nau'ikan kwayoyin cuta ne dake haifar da cutar sankarau.

Kwayar cutar sankarau ce ke kamuwa da cutar sankarau Neisseria meningitidis (wanda aka fi sani da meningococcus).

Cutar sankarau ita ce sanadin cutar sankarau ga yara da matasa. Ita ce babbar hanyar cutar sankarau ga manya.

Kwayar cutar na faruwa sau da yawa a cikin hunturu ko bazara. Hakan na iya haifar da annobar cikin gida a makarantun kwana, dakunan kwanan daliban koleji, ko sansanonin soja.

Abubuwan haɗarin sun haɗa da bayyanar kwanan nan ga wani mai cutar sankarau, rashi ƙaranci, amfani da eculizumab, da shan sigari.

Kwayar cutar yawanci kan zo da sauri, kuma na iya haɗawa da:

• Zazzabi da sanyi
• Halin tunanin mutum ya canza
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Pleananan, wurare masu kama da cuta (purpura)
• Rash, nuna jajayen tabo (petechiae)
• Haskakawa zuwa haske (photophobia)
• Tsananin ciwon kai
• Wuya wuya

Sauran alamun da zasu iya faruwa tare da wannan cuta:

• Gaggawa
• Bulging fontanelles a cikin jarirai
• Rage hankali
• Rashin ciyarwa ko rashin haushi a cikin yara
• Saurin numfashi
• Halin da ba a saba gani ba tare da kai da wuya a baya (opisthotonus)

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki. Tambayoyi zasu mayar da hankali kan alamomin cutar da yiwuwar bayyanar da su ga wani wanda zai iya samun alamomin iri ɗaya, kamar wuya da zazzabi.

Idan mai bayarwa yana ganin cutar sankarau na iya yuwuwa, mai yiwuwa a yi hujin lumbar (kashin baya) don samun samfurin ruwan kashin baya don gwaji.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a iya yi sun haɗa da:

• Al'adar jini
• Kirjin x-ray
• CT scan na kai
• Cellididdigar ƙwayar jinin jini (WBC) ƙidaya
• Gram tabo, sauran tabo na musamman

Za a fara maganin rigakafi da wuri-wuri.

• Ceftriaxone shine ɗayan maganin rigakafi wanda akafi amfani dashi.
• Penicillin da ke cikin allurai kusan yana da tasiri koyaushe.
• Idan akwai rashin lafiyan penicillin, ana iya amfani da chloramphenicol.

Wani lokaci, ana iya ba corticosteroids.

Mutanen da ke kusanci da wanda ke da cutar sankarau ya kamata a ba su maganin rigakafin rigakafin kamuwa da cutar.

Waɗannan mutane sun haɗa da:

• 'Yan gida
• Abokan zama a dakunan kwanan dalibai
• Ma'aikatan soja waɗanda ke zaune a kusa da kusa
• Wadanda suka kusanci kusanci da wanda ya kamu da cutar

Jiyya na farko yana inganta sakamakon. Mutuwa mai yiwuwa ne. Childrenananan yara da manya sama da shekaru 50 suna da haɗarin mutuwa.

Matsaloli na dogon lokaci na iya haɗawa da:

• Lalacewar kwakwalwa
• Rashin ji
• Ruwan ruwa a cikin kokon kai wanda ke haifar da kumburin kwakwalwa (hydrocephalus)
• Ruwan ruwa tsakanin kwanyar da kwakwalwa (subdural effusion)
• Kumburin ƙwayar tsoka (myocarditis)
• Kamawa

Kira 911 ko lambar gaggawa na cikin gida ko zuwa ɗakin gaggawa idan kuna tsammanin meningitis a cikin ƙaramin yaro wanda ke da alamun bayyanar:

• Matsalolin ciyarwa
• Babban kuka
• Rashin fushi
• Zazzabin da ba'a bayyana ba

Cutar sankarau na saurin zama cuta mai barazanar rai.

Yakamata a kula da wadanda suke kusa da su a gida daya, makaranta, ko kuma cibiyar kula da yini don alamun cutar na farko da zaran an gano mutum na farko. Duk dangi da makusantan wannan mutumin ya kamata su fara maganin rigakafi da wuri-wuri don hana yaduwar cutar. Tambayi mai ba ku sabis game da wannan yayin ziyarar farko.

Yi amfani da kyawawan halaye na tsabta koyaushe, kamar wanka hannu kafin da bayan canza zanin kyashi ko bayan amfani da banɗaki.

Allurar rigakafin cutar meningococcus na da tasiri ga sarrafa yaduwar cuta. A halin yanzu ana ba da shawarar su:

• Matasa
• Daliban kwaleji a shekarar su ta farko suna zaune a gidajen kwanan su
• Recruaukar sojoji
• Matafiya zuwa wasu sassan duniya

Kodayake ba safai ba, mutanen da aka yiwa rigakafin na iya ci gaba da kamuwa da cutar.

Cutar sankarau na sankarau; Gram korau - meningococcus

• Raunin sankarau a baya
• Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da tsarin juyayi na gefe
• Fididdigar ƙwayoyin CSF
• Alamar Brudzinski na sankarau
• Alamar Kernig na cutar sankarau

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Ciwon sankarau na kwayan cuta. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. An sabunta Agusta 6, 2019. An shiga Disamba 1, 2020.

Pollard AJ, Sadarangani M. Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus). A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 218.

Stephens DS. Neisseria meningitidis. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 211.