Cutar sankarau

Cutar sankarau cuta ce ta membran da ke rufe kwakwalwa da laka. Ana kiran wannan suturar meninges.

Abubuwan da suka fi saurin kamuwa da cutar sankarau sune cututtukan kwayar cuta. Wadannan cututtukan galibi suna samun sauki ba tare da magani ba. Amma, cututtukan sankarau na kwayan cuta suna da haɗari sosai. Suna iya haifar da mutuwa ko lalacewar kwakwalwa, koda kuwa an ba su magani.

Hakanan za'a iya haifar da cutar sankarau ta hanyar:

• Chemical haushi
• Magungunan ƙwayoyi
• Naman gwari
• Parasites
• Ƙari

Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da sankarau:

• Enteroviruses: Waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta ne waɗanda suma suna iya haifar da rashin lafiyar hanji.
• Kwayar cututtukan herpes: Waɗannan sune ƙwayoyin cuta guda ɗaya waɗanda ke haifar da ciwon sanyi da cututtukan al'aura. Koyaya, mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sanyi ko cututtukan al'aura ba su da babbar dama ta kamuwa da cutar sankarau.
• Ciwon mara da cutar kanjamau.
• Kwayar Yammacin Nilu: Wannan kwayar tana yaduwa ne ta cizon sauro kuma yana da mahimmin dalilin kamuwa da cutar sankarau a yawancin Amurka.

Enteroviral meningitis yana faruwa sau da yawa fiye da cutar sankarau kuma yana da sauki. Yawanci yakan faru ne a ƙarshen bazara da farkon faɗuwa. Mafi yawan lokuta yana shafar yara da manya underan ƙasa da shekaru 30. Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Ciwon kai
• Haskakawa zuwa haske (photophobia)
• Zazzaɓi kaɗan
• Ciwan ciki da gudawa
• Gajiya

Cutar sankarau na gaggawa ne na gaggawa. Kuna buƙatar magani nan da nan a asibiti. Kwayar cutar yawanci kan zo da sauri, kuma na iya haɗawa da:

• Zazzabi da sanyi
• Halin tunanin mutum ya canza
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Sensitivity zuwa haske
• Tsananin ciwon kai
• Wuya wuya

Sauran alamun da zasu iya faruwa tare da wannan cuta:

• Gaggawa
• Bulging fontanelles a cikin jarirai
• Rage jijjiga
• Rashin ciyarwa ko rashin haushi a cikin yara
• Saurin numfashi
• Halin da ba a saba gani ba, tare da kai da wuya a baya (opisthotonos)

Ba za ku iya sanin ko kuna da kwayar cuta ko kwayar cutar sankarau ta yadda kuke ji ba. Dole ne mai ba da lafiyarku ya gano dalilin. Je zuwa sashen gaggawa na asibiti kai tsaye idan kana tunanin kana da alamun cutar sankarau.

Mai ba ku sabis zai bincika ku. Wannan na iya nuna:

• Saurin bugun zuciya
• Zazzaɓi
• Halin tunanin mutum ya canza
• Wuya wuya

Idan mai bayarwa yana tsammanin kuna da cutar sankarau, ya kamata a yi hujin lumbar (kashin baya) don cire samfurin ruwan kashin baya (cerebrospinal fluid, ko CSF) don gwaji.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a iya yi sun haɗa da:

• Al'adar jini
• Kirjin x-ray
• CT scan na kai

Ana amfani da maganin rigakafi don magance cutar sankarau na kwayan cuta. Magungunan rigakafi basa magance cutar sankarau. Amma ana iya ba da maganin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta ga waɗanda ke da cutar sankarau.

Sauran jiyya zasu hada da:

• Ruwan ruwa ta jijiya (IV)
• Magunguna don magance alamomin, kamar kumburin kwakwalwa, gigicewa, da kamuwa

Samun asali da magani na sankarau na kwayan cuta yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar jiji na dindindin. Kwayar cutar sankarau ba kasafai take tsanani ba, kuma alamomin ya kamata su ɓace cikin makonni 2 ba tare da wata matsala mai ɗorewa ba.

Ba tare da saurin magani ba, cutar sankarau na iya haifar da mai zuwa:

• Lalacewar kwakwalwa
• Ruwan ruwa tsakanin kwanyar da kwakwalwa (subdural effusion)
• Rashin ji
• Ruwan ruwa a cikin kokon kai wanda ke haifar da kumburin kwakwalwa (hydrocephalus)
• Kamawa
• Mutuwa

Idan kuna tunanin cewa ku ko yaranku suna da alamun cutar sankarau, ku nemi taimakon gaggawa nan da nan. Kulawa da wuri shine mabuɗin sakamako mai kyau.

Wasu maganin rigakafi na iya taimakawa hana wasu nau'ikan kwayar cutar sankarau:

• Alurar rigakafin Haemophilus (rigakafin HiB) da aka baiwa yara na taimakawa
• Ana yiwa yara da manya manyan rigakafin cutar sankarau
• Alurar rigakafin cutar sankarau ga yara da manya; wasu al'ummomi na gudanar da kamfen din riga-kafi bayan barkewar cutar sankarau na sankarau.

Ya kamata membobin gida da wasu da ke kusanci da mutanen da ke fama da cutar sankarau ya kamata su karɓi maganin rigakafin rigakafin kamuwa da cutar.

Cutar sankarau - na kwayan cuta; Cutar sankarau - kwayar cuta; Cutar sankarau - fungal; Cutar sankarau - maganin alurar riga kafi

• Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - fitarwa

• Alamar Brudzinski na sankarau
• Alamar Kernig na cutar sankarau
• Lumbar huda (kashin baya)
• Meninges na kwakwalwa
• Meninges na kashin baya
• Haemophilus mura kwayoyin

Hasbun R, Van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR. Cutar sankarau mai saurin gaske. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 87.

Nath A. Cutar sankarau: kwayar cuta, kwayar cuta, da sauran su. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 384.