Amyotrophic na gefe sclerosis (ALS)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ko ALS, cuta ce ta ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwa, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da ƙashin baya wanda ke sarrafa motsi na tsoka.

Ana kuma san ALS da cutar Lou Gehrig.

Inayan cikin 10 na ALS yana faruwa ne saboda lahani na kwayoyin halitta. Ba a san dalilin a mafi yawan lokuta ba.

A cikin ALS, ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin motsi (jijiyoyi) ɓata ko mutuwa, kuma ba za su iya sake aika saƙonni zuwa ga tsokoki ba. Wannan yana haifar da rauni ga tsoka, juyawa, da rashin ikon motsa hannaye, kafafu, da jiki. Yanayin sannu a hankali yana ƙara muni. Lokacin da tsokoki a yankin kirji suka daina aiki, yana zama da wahala ko numfashi.

ALS yana shafar kusan 5 daga kowane mutum 100,000 a duniya.

Samun dan uwa wanda ke dauke da cutar ta gado abu ne mai hadari ga ALS. Sauran haɗarin sun haɗa da aikin soja Dalilin wannan ba a bayyane yake ba, amma yana iya zama ya shafi fallasa muhalli da gubobi ne.

Kwayar cutar yawanci ba ta ci gaba har sai bayan shekaru 50, amma suna iya farawa a cikin samari. Mutanen da ke tare da ALS suna da asarar ƙarfi na tsoka da daidaitawa wanda ƙarshe ke ƙara muni kuma ya sa ba zai yiwu su yi ayyukan yau da kullun ba kamar su matakan hawa, sauka daga kujera, ko haɗiyewa.

Rauni na iya fara shafar hannu ko ƙafa, ko ikon numfashi ko haɗiyewa. Yayinda cutar ke kara muni, yawancin kungiyoyin tsoka suna haifar da matsaloli.

ALS baya shafar jijiyoyin jiki (gani, wari, dandano, ji, taba). Yawancin mutane suna iya yin tunani koyaushe, kodayake ƙananan mutane suna ci gaba da lalata, suna haifar da matsaloli tare da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.

Raunin tsoka yana farawa ne a ɓangaren jiki ɗaya, kamar hannu ko hannu, kuma a hankali yana daɗa muni har sai ya kai ga masu zuwa:

• Wahalar dagawa, hawa matakala, da tafiya
• Rashin numfashi
• Matsalar haɗiye - shaƙewa cikin sauƙi, ruɓuwa, ko gagging
• Sauke kai saboda rauni na tsokoki na wuya
• Matsalar magana, kamar jinkirin ko al'adar magana mara kyau (lalata kalmomi)
• Canjin murya, sautin murya

Sauran binciken sun hada da:

• Bacin rai
• Ciwon tsoka
• Musarfin tsoka, wanda ake kira spasticity
• Ctionsarfafa tsoka, wanda ake kira fasciculations
• Rage nauyi

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai bincika ku kuma ya yi tambaya game da tarihin lafiyarku da alamominku.

Jarabawar jiki na iya nuna:

• Rashin rauni, galibi yana farawa daga yanki ɗaya
• Jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki, spasms, twitching, ko asarar naman tsoka
• Karkatar da harshe (gama gari)
• Abubuwa mara kyau
• Sanƙara ko tafiya mai wahala
• Ragewa ko haɓaka ƙwarewa a ɗakunan mahaifa
• Matsalar sarrafa kuka ko dariya (wani lokacin ana kiransa rashin nutsuwa)
• Rashin gag reflex

Gwajin da za a iya yi sun hada da:

• Gwajin jini don kawar da wasu yanayi
• Gwajin numfashi don ganin idan tsoffin huhu sun shafi
• Cervical spine CT ko MRI don tabbatar babu cuta ko rauni a wuyansa, wanda zai iya yin kama da ALS
• Electromyography don ganin wane jijiyoyi ko tsokoki basa aiki da kyau
• Gwajin kwayoyin halitta, idan akwai tarihin iyali na ALS
• Shugaban CT ko MRI don yin sarauta da sauran yanayi
• Nazarin haɗiyewa
• Matsalar kashin baya (hujin lumbar)

Babu sanannen magani ga ALS. Wani magani da ake kira riluzole yana taimakawa jinkirin bayyanar cututtukan kuma yana taimaka wa mutane su ɗan ƙara tsawon rayuwa.

Akwai magunguna guda biyu waɗanda zasu taimaka jinkirin ci gaban bayyanar cututtuka kuma suna iya taimakawa mutane suyi rayuwa dan lokaci kaɗan:

• Dadin Kowa (Rilutek)
• Edaravone (Radicava)

Jiyya don sarrafa wasu alamun cutar sun haɗa da:

• Baclofen ko diazepam don spasticity wanda ke tsoma baki tare da ayyukan yau da kullun
• Trihexyphenidyl ko amitriptyline ga mutanen da ke da matsala haɗiye miyau nasu

Za'a iya buƙatar maganin jiki, gyaran jiki, amfani da takalmin kafa ko keken guragu, ko wasu matakan don taimakawa aikin tsoka da lafiyar jama'a gaba ɗaya.

Mutanen da ke da ALS sukan rasa nauyi. Rashin lafiyar kanta tana ƙara buƙatar abinci da adadin kuzari. A lokaci guda, matsaloli tare da shaƙewa da haɗiya suna sa wuya a ci isasshen abinci. Don taimakawa ciyarwa, ana iya sanya bututu a ciki. Masanin ilimin abinci wanda ya ƙware a cikin ALS na iya ba da shawara game da cin abinci mai ƙoshin lafiya.

Na'urorin numfashi sun hada da inji wadanda ake amfani da su da daddare, da kuma samun iska mai inganci.

Ana iya buƙatar magani don ɓacin rai idan mai cutar ALS yana baƙin ciki. Hakanan ya kamata su tattauna abubuwan da suke so game da samun iska ta wucin gadi tare da danginsu da masu samar musu.

Tallafin motsin rai yana da mahimmanci don jimre da cutar, saboda aikin shafi hankali baya tasiri. Ungiyoyi irin su ALungiyar ALS na iya kasancewa don taimakawa mutanen da ke fama da cutar.

Hakanan ana samun tallafi ga mutanen da ke kula da wani da ALS, kuma yana iya zama da taimako ƙwarai.

Bayan lokaci, mutanen da ke tare da ALS sun rasa ikon yin aiki da kula da kansu. Mutuwa galibi tana faruwa ne tsakanin shekaru 3 zuwa 5 da ganowar cutar. Kusan 1 cikin 4 mutane sun rayu fiye da shekaru 5 bayan ganewar asali. Wasu mutane suna rayuwa da yawa, amma yawanci suna buƙatar taimako numfashi daga iska ko wata na'ura.

Matsalolin ALS sun haɗa da:

• Numfashi cikin abinci ko ruwa (buri)
• Rashin ikon kulawa da kai
• Rashin huhu
• Namoniya
• Ciwan kai
• Rage nauyi

Kira mai ba da sabis idan:

• Kuna da alamun ALS, musamman idan kuna da tarihin iyali na rashin lafiyar
• Kai ko wani an tabbatar da cutar ta ALS kuma alamomin na ƙara taɓarɓarewa ko sabbin alamu sun bayyana

Difficultyara wahalar haɗiye, wahalar numfashi, da lokuttan cutar ɓarkewa alamu ne da ke buƙatar kulawa nan da nan.

Kuna iya son ganin mai ba da shawara kan kwayar halitta idan kuna da tarihin iyali na ALS.

Lou Gehrig cutar; ALS; Cutar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta; Motar neuron cuta

• Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da tsarin juyayi na gefe

Fearon C, Murray B, Mitsumoto H. Rashin lafiya na ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 98.

Shaw PJ, Cudkowicz ME. Amyotrophic layin sclerosis da sauran cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi 391.

van Es MA, Hardiman O, Chio A, et al. Amyotrophic a kaikaice sclerosis. Lancet. 2017; 390 (10107): 2084-2098. PMID: 28552366 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28552366/.