Cutar Huntington

Cutar Huntington (HD) cuta ce ta kwayar halitta wacce ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a wasu sassan kwakwalwa ke ɓata, ko taɓarɓarewa. Ana kamuwa da cutar ne ta hanyar dangi.

HD yana faruwa ne ta hanyar nakasar kwayar halitta akan chromosome 4. Lalacewar ta sa wani ɓangaren DNA ya faru sau da yawa fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Ana kiran wannan lahani CAG maimaitawa. A ka’ida, ana maimaita wannan sashin na DNA sau 10 zuwa 28. Amma a cikin mutane masu HD, ana maimaita su sau 36 zuwa 120.

Yayin da kwayar halitta ke ratsawa ta cikin iyalai, yawan maimaitawa yakan zama babba. Mafi girman adadin maimaitarwa, hakan shine mafi girman damar mutum na haifar da alamomi tun yana tsufa. Sabili da haka, yayin da cutar ke wucewa tare a cikin iyalai, alamomin ci gaba a ƙuruciya da matasa.

Akwai nau'i biyu na HD:

• Adult-farko shine mafi yawancin. Mutanen da ke da wannan nau'in yawanci suna ci gaba da bayyanar cututtuka a cikin tsakiyar 30s ko 40s.
• Farkon farawa yana shafar wasu tsirarun mutane kuma yana farawa tun suna yara ko matasa.

Idan ɗayan iyayenku suna da HD, kuna da damar 50% na samun kwayar halitta. Idan ka samo kwayar halittar daga wurin iyayenka, zaka iya mika ta ga yaranka, wadanda suma zasu samu damar samun kwayoyin 50%. Idan baku samo kwayar halitta daga iyayenku ba, ba za ku iya ba da ita ga yaranku ba.

Hali na al'ada na iya faruwa kafin matsalolin motsi su haɓaka, kuma na iya haɗawa da:

• Damuwa da halayyar mutum
• Mafarki
• Rashin fushi
• Rashin hankali
• Rashin natsuwa ko firgita
• Paranoia
• Cutar ƙwaƙwalwa

Abubuwa mara kyau da na al'ada sun haɗa da:

• Gyaran fuska, gami da grimaces
• Juya kai don matsawa idonta
• Sauri, kwatsam, wani lokacin motsin motsi na hannu, ƙafafu, fuska, da sauran sassan jikin
• Sannu a hankali, ƙungiyoyi marasa ƙarfi
• Tafiya mara tsayayye, gami da "saurin 'hanya da yawo mai nisa

Motsi mara kyau na iya haifar da faɗuwa.

Rashin hankali wanda sannu a hankali ke ƙara lalacewa, gami da:

• Rashin hankali ko rikicewa
• Rashin yanke hukunci
• Rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
• Yanayin mutum yana canzawa
• Maganganu suna canzawa, kamar dakatarwa yayin magana

Arin alamun bayyanar da ke iya alaƙa da wannan cuta sun haɗa da:

• Damuwa, damuwa, da tashin hankali
• Matsalar haɗiyewa
• Lalacewar magana

Kwayar cututtuka a cikin yara:

• Rigidity
• Sannu a hankali
• Tsoro

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki kuma yana iya tambaya game da tarihin dangin mai haƙuri da alamomin. Hakanan za'a yi gwajin tsarin juyayi.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za su iya nuna alamun cutar Huntington sun haɗa da:

• Gwajin ilimin halin dan Adam
• Shugaban CT ko MRI scan
• PET (isotope) hoton kwakwalwa

Akwai gwajin kwayar halitta don sanin ko mutum na dauke da kwayar halittar cutar Huntington.

Babu magani don HD. Babu wata hanyar da aka sani da za ta hana cutar ta ci gaba da ta'azzara. Manufar magani ita ce ta rage alamun da kuma taimakawa mutum yayi aiki har tsawon lokacin da zai yiwu.

Za'a iya ba da magunguna, gwargwadon alamun cutar.

• Dopamine blockers na iya taimakawa rage halayen al'ada da motsi.
• Ana amfani da ƙwayoyi kamar amantadine da tetrabenazine don ƙoƙarin sarrafa ƙarin motsi.

Rashin hankali da kashe kansa suna gama gari tsakanin mutanen da ke da HD. Yana da mahimmanci ga masu kulawa su saka idanu kan alamun cutar kuma su nemi taimakon likita ga mutumin nan da nan.

Yayinda cutar ta ci gaba, mutum zai bukaci taimako da kulawa, kuma a karshe yana iya bukatar kulawa na awa 24.

Waɗannan albarkatun na iya samar da ƙarin bayani kan HD:

• Untingungiyar Cututtukan Huntington ta Amurka - hdsa.org
• NIH Tsarin Gida na Gida - ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/huntington-disease

HD yana haifar da nakasa da ke taɓarɓarewa lokaci. Mutanen da ke da HD yawanci suna mutuwa tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 20. Dalilin mutuwa galibi kamuwa ne. Kashe kansa ma ya zama ruwan dare.

Yana da mahimmanci a gane cewa HD yana shafar mutane daban. Yawan maimaita CAG na iya ƙayyade tsananin bayyanar cututtuka. Mutanen da ba su da maimaitattun maganganu na iya samun sauƙin motsi mara kyau daga baya a rayuwarsu da saurin ci gaban cuta. Wadanda ke da adadi mai yawa na maimaitawa na iya shafar gaske a matashi.

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan ku ko danginku sun kamu da cutar HD.

Ana ba da shawara kan kwayoyin halitta idan akwai tarihin iyali na HD. Masana sun kuma ba da shawarar yin nasiha ga kwayoyin halitta ga ma'aurata masu tarihin iyali na wannan cutar wadanda ke tunanin haihuwa.

Huntington chorea

Caron NS, Wright GEB, Hayden MR. Cutar Huntington. A cikin: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al, eds. GeneReviews. Seattle, WA: Jami'ar Washington. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1305. An sabunta Yuli 5, 2018. Samun damar Mayu 30, 2019.

Jankovic J. Parkinson cuta da sauran rikicewar motsi. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 96.