Mononeuropathy

Mononeuropathy lalacewa ne ga jijiya guda ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da asarar motsi, motsin rai, ko wani aiki na wannan jijiya.

Mononeuropathy wani nau'in lalacewa ne ga jijiya a wajen kwakwalwa da laka (jijiyoyin jiki).

Mononeuropathy yawanci yakan haifar da rauni. Cututtukan da suka shafi jiki duka (tsarin cuta) na iya haifar da lalacewar jijiya.

Matsayi na dogon lokaci akan jijiya saboda kumburi ko rauni na iya haifar da mononeuropathy. Murfin jijiya (myelin sheath) ko wani ɓangare na ƙwayar jijiya (axon) na iya lalacewa. Wannan lalacewar takan jinkirta ko hana sigina yin tafiya ta cikin jijiyoyin da suka lalace.

Mononeuropathy na iya ƙunsar kowane ɓangare na jiki. Wasu nau'ikan siffofi na yau da kullun sun hada da:

• Maganin jijiya na axillary (asarar motsi ko motsawa a kafaɗa)
• Rashin jijiyoyin peroneal na yau da kullun (asarar motsi ko motsawa a ƙafa da ƙafa)
• Ciwon ramin rami na carpal (rashin jijiyar jijiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa - gami da ƙararwa, tingling, rauni, ko lalacewar tsoka a hannu da yatsu)
• Cranial mononeuropathy III, IV, matsawa ko nau'in mai ciwon sukari
• VI na kwakwalwa daya (gani biyu)
• Cranial mononeuropathy VII (cututtukan fuska)
• Ciwan jijiya na mata (asarar motsi ko motsin rai a wani sashi na kafa)
• Rashin jijiya na radial (matsaloli tare da motsi a hannu da wuyan hannu da kuma jin dadi a bayan hannu ko hannu)
• Sciatic jijiya (matsala tare da tsokoki na baya na gwiwa da ƙananan kafa, da jin dadi a bayan cinya, wani ɓangare na ƙananan kafa, da tafin kafa)
• Ciwan jijiyar Ulnar (cututtukan rami na ƙwallon ƙafa - gami da ƙararwa, ƙwanƙwasawa, rauni na waje da ƙasan hannu, dabino, zobe da ƙananan yatsu)

Kwayar cutar ta dogara da takamaiman jijiya da abin ya shafa, kuma na iya haɗawa da:

• Rashin jin dadi
• Shan inna
• Tingling, ƙonewa, zafi, abubuwan da ba na al'ada ba
• Rashin ƙarfi

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki kuma ya mai da hankali kan yankin da abin ya shafa. Ana buƙatar cikakken tarihin likita don sanin abin da ke iya haifar da cutar.

Gwajin da za a iya yi sun hada da:

• Electromyogram (EMG) don bincika aikin lantarki a cikin tsokoki
• Gwajin gwajin jijiyoyi (NCV) don bincika saurin aikin lantarki a cikin jijiyoyi
• Nerve duban dan tayi don duba jijiyoyi
• X-ray, MRI ko CT scan don samun cikakken ra'ayi game da yankin da abin ya shafa
• Gwajin jini
• Maganin jijiyoyin jijiyoyi (idan akwai mononeuropathy saboda cutar vasculitis)
• Binciken CSF
• Gwajin fata

Manufar magani ita ce ba ka damar amfani da ɓangaren jikin da abin ya shafa kamar yadda ya kamata.

Wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya suna sa jijiyoyi su zama masu saurin rauni. Misali, hawan jini da ciwon suga na iya cutar da jijiyoyin jini, wanda galibi kan shafi jijiya daya. Don haka, ya kamata a bi da yanayin da ke ciki.

Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya na iya haɗawa da ɗayan masu zuwa:

• A kan magungunan rage zafin ciwo, kamar su magungunan kashe kumburi don ciwo mai sauƙi
• Magungunan antidepress, anticonvulsants, da makamantan magunguna don ciwo mai tsanani
• Allurar magungunan steroid don rage kumburi da matsa lamba akan jijiya
• Yin aikin tiyata don magance matsa lamba akan jijiya
• Motsa jiki na motsa jiki don kiyaye ƙarfin tsoka
• Braces, splints, ko wasu na'urori don taimakawa motsi
• Nerveara ƙarfin jijiyar lantarki (TENS) don inganta ciwon jijiya wanda ke da alaƙa da ciwon sukari

Mononeuropathy na iya nakasawa da zafi. Idan ana iya samun dalilin rashin aikin jijiyar kuma aka yi nasarar magance shi, cikakken sakewa yana yiwuwa a wasu yanayi.

Jin zafi na jijiya na iya zama mara kyau kuma zai daɗe na dogon lokaci.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Lalacewa, asarar yawan nama
• Magungunan sakamako na magani
• Maimaitawa ko raunin rauni ga yankin da abin ya shafa saboda rashin jin dadi

Guji matsin lamba ko rauni na rauni na iya hana nau'ikan nau'ikan maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Kula da yanayi kamar hawan jini ko ciwon sukari shima yana rage haɗarin haɓaka yanayin.

Neuropathy; Ware mononeuritis

• Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da tsarin juyayi na gefe

Cibiyar Nazarin Neurowararrun Neurowararrun andwararraki da Yanar gizo. Takaddun gaskiya na neuropathy. www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Peripheral-Neuropathy-Fact-Sheet. An sabunta Maris 16, 2020. An shiga Agusta 20, 2020.

Smith G, Mai Jin kunya NI. Neuroananan neuropathies. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi 392.

Snow DC, Bunney EB. Rashin lafiyar jijiyoyin jiki A cikin: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Magungunan gaggawa na Rosen: Ka'idoji da Aikin Gwajin Asibiti. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 97.