Ire-iren maganin cutar sankara

Chemotherapy shine amfani da magani don magance ciwon daji. Chemotherapy yana kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Ana iya amfani dashi don warkar da cutar kansa, taimaka kiyaye shi daga yaɗuwa, ko rage alamomin cutar.

A wasu halaye, ana yiwa mutane magani iri guda. Amma sau da yawa, mutane suna samun fiye da nau'i ɗaya na magani a lokaci guda. Wannan yana taimakawa kai hari kansar ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

Therapywarewar da aka yi niyya da kuma rigakafin rigakafi sune sauran maganin ciwon daji wanda ke amfani da magani don magance cutar kansa.

Ingantaccen ilimin kimiyar lafiyar jiki yana aiki ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin kansa da wasu ƙwayoyin al'ada. Maganin da aka yi niyya da kuma maganin rigakafi a kan takamaiman maƙasudai (kwayoyin) a cikin ko kan ƙwayoyin kansa.

Nau'in da kashi na maganin jiyya da likitanku ya ba ku ya dogara da abubuwa daban-daban, gami da:

• Nau'in cutar daji da kake da ita
• Inda cutar daji ta fara bayyana a jikinku
• Abin da ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ke kama a ƙarƙashin madubin likita
• Ko cutar daji ta bazu
• Yawan shekarunka da kuma cikakkiyar lafiyarka

Dukkanin kwayoyi a jiki suna girma ne ta hanyar kasu kashi biyu, ko rarrabawa. Wasu kuma sukan raba don gyara lalacewa a jiki. Ciwon daji yana faruwa ne lokacin da wani abu ya haifar da ƙwayoyin halitta su rarraba kuma su yi girma ba tare da kulawa ba. Suna ci gaba da girma don samar da kwayar halitta, ko ƙari.

Chemotherapy yana kai hari kan rarraba ƙwayoyin. Wannan yana nufin cewa zai iya kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa fiye da na al'ada. Wasu nau'ikan chemotherapy suna lalata kwayoyin halittar dake cikin kwayar halitta wacce ke fada mata yadda ake kwafa ko gyara kanta. Wasu nau'ikan suna toshe sinadaran da kwayar ke bukatar raba.

Wasu sel na al'ada a jiki suna rarrabawa sau da yawa, kamar su gashi da ƙwayoyin fata. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin kuma ana iya kashe su ta hanyar kemo. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana iya haifar da illa kamar asarar gashi. Amma yawancin kwayoyin al'ada zasu iya murmurewa bayan ƙarewar magani.

Akwai fiye da 100 daban-daban magunguna na chemotherapy. Da ke ƙasa akwai manyan nau'ikan magunguna bakwai, da nau'ikan cutar sankara da suke yi, da misalai. Hankalin ya hada da abubuwan da suka sha bamban da irin illolin da ke tattare da cutar sankara.

WAKILIN ALKYLATING

Amfani da shi:

• Ciwon sankarar jini
• Lymphoma
• Cutar Hodgkin
• Myeloma mai yawa
• Sarcoma
• Brain
• Ciwon daji na huhu, nono, da kwai

Misalai:

• Busulfan (Myleran)
• Cyclophosphamide
• Temozolomide (Temodar)

Tsanaki:

• Zai iya lalata ƙashin ƙashi, wanda zai haifar da cutar sankarar bargo.

KYAUTA

Amfani da shi:

• Ciwon sankarar jini
• Ciwon daji na nono, ovary, da kuma hanjin hanji

Misalai:

• 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
• 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)
• Capecitabine (Xeloda)
• Gemcitabine

Tsanaki: Babu

MAGANIN KARFIN-TUMOR

Amfani da shi:

• Yawancin nau'ikan cutar kansa.

Misalai:

• Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)
• Bleomycin
• Daunorubicin (Cerubidine, Rubidomycin)
• Doxorubicin (Adriamycin PFS, Adriamycin RDF)

Tsanaki:

• Babban allurai na iya lalata zuciya.

TOPOISOMERASE INHIBITORS

Amfani da shi:

• Ciwon sankarar jini
• Huhu, kwai, ciki, da sauran cututtukan daji

Misalai:

• Etoposide
• Irinotecan (Camptosar)
• Topotecan (Hycamtin)

Tsanaki:

• Wasu na iya sa mutum ya kamu da kamuwa da cutar kansa ta biyu, wanda ake kira myeloid leukemia mai tsanani, tsakanin shekaru 2 zuwa 3.

MAHADUKAN MITOTIC

Amfani da shi:

• Myeloma
• Lymphomas
• Ciwan jini
• Ciwon nono ko na huhu

Misalai:

• Docetaxel (Takaddama)
• Eribulin (Halaven)
• Fadawa (Ixempra)
• Paclitaxel (Taxol)
• Vinblastine

Tsanaki:

• Wataƙila ta fi sauran nau'ikan maganin ƙwaƙwalwa don haifar da lalacewar jijiya mai raɗaɗi.

Tashar yanar gizon Cibiyar Cancer ta Amurka. Yaya magungunan ƙwayoyi ke aiki. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/chemotherapy/how-chemotherapy-drugs-work.html. An sabunta Nuwamba 22, 2019. An shiga Maris 20, 2020.

Collins JM. Ciwon ilimin kansar. A cikin: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff na Clinical Oncology. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 25.

Yanar gizo Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Jerin magungunan cutar kansa zuwa A Z. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs. An shiga Nuwamba 11, 2019.

• Ciwon daji Chemotherapy