Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma wani ciwo ne na ido wanda ba kasafai yake faruwa ga yara ba. Cutar ƙwayar cuta ce ta ɓangaren ido da ake kira kwayar ido.

Retinoblastoma ya samo asali ne daga maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar da ke sarrafa yadda kwayoyin ke rarraba. A sakamakon haka, kwayoyin halitta ba su da iko sai su zama masu cutar kansa.

A kusan rabin al'amuran, wannan maye gurbi yana tasowa a cikin yaron da danginsa basu taɓa samun cutar kansa ba. A wasu lokuta, maye gurbi yana faruwa a cikin yawancin dangi. Idan maye gurbi ya gudana a cikin iyali, akwai damar kashi 50% cewa yaran wanda abin ya shafa suma za su sami maye gurbin. Wadannan yara saboda haka suna da babban haɗarin kamuwa da cutar retinoblastoma da kansu.

Ciwon daji ya fi shafar yara ƙanana shekaru 7. An fi gano shi sosai a cikin yara masu shekara 1 zuwa 2.

Ido ɗaya ko duka biyu na iya shafar.

An gaban ido na iya zama fari ko kuma ya sami fari. Wani farin haske a cikin ido galibi ana ganinsa a cikin hotunan da aka ɗauka tare da walƙiya. Madadin “jajayen ido” daga walƙiya, ɗalibin na iya zama fari ko gurbatacce.

Sauran cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Idanun giciye
• Gani biyu
• Idanun da basa daidaitawa
• Ciwon ido da ja
• Rashin hangen nesa
• Launuka iri daban-daban a kowace ido

Idan ciwon daji ya bazu, ciwon ƙashi da sauran alamomi na iya faruwa.

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi cikakken gwajin jiki, gami da gwajin ido. Za a iya yin gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa:

• CT scan ko MRI na kai
• Gwajin ido tare da fadada dalibin
• Duban dan tayi (ido da kwayar ido)

Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya sun dogara da girman da wurin da ƙari yake:

• Ananan ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayar cuta ana iya kula da su ta hanyar tiyata ta laser ko kuma ta maganin taƙaitaccen sanyi.
• Ana amfani da fitila don duka ƙari wanda yake cikin ido da kuma manyan ƙwayoyi.
• Ana iya buƙatar maganin ƙwayar cuta idan ƙari ya bazu fiye da ido.
• Ido na iya buƙatar cirewa (hanyar da ake kira enucleation) idan ƙari ba ya amsa wasu jiyya. A wasu lokuta, yana iya zama magani na farko.

Idan cutar daji bata yadu ba idanuwa, kusan dukkan mutane zasu iya warkewa. Magani, kodayake, na iya buƙatar jiyya mai tsanani har ma da cire ido don cin nasara.

Idan ciwon daji ya bazu fiye da ido, yiwuwar samun magani yana da ƙasa kuma ya dogara da yadda ciwon ya bazu.

Makafi na iya faruwa a cikin idon da abin ya shafa. Ciwon zai iya yaduwa zuwa jijiyar ido ta jijiyar gani. Yana kuma iya yaduwa zuwa kwakwalwa, huhu, da kasusuwa.

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan alamu ko alamomi na retinoblastoma suna nan, musamman idan idanun yaranku ba su da kyau ko bayyana ba daidai ba a cikin hotunan.

Shawarwarin kwayoyin halitta na iya taimaka wa iyalai fahimtar haɗarin cutar retinoblastoma. Yana da mahimmanci musamman lokacin da fiye da ɗaya daga cikin dangi suka kamu da cutar, ko kuma idan kwayar cutar retinoblastoma ta auku a idanun biyu.

Tumor - retina; Ciwon daji - retina; Ciwon ido - retinoblastoma

• Ido

Cheng KP. Ilimin lafiyar ido. A cikin: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, eds. Zitelli da Davis 'Atlas na Ciwon Lafiyar Jiki na Yara. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 20.

Kim JW, Mansfield NC, Murphree AL. Retinoblastoma. A cikin: Schachat AP, Sadda SR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Weidemann P, eds. Ryan's Retina. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 132.

Tarek N, Herzog CE. Retinoblastoma. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 529.