Tricuspid atresia

Tricuspid atresia wani nau'in cututtukan zuciya ne wanda ke kasancewa yayin haihuwa (cututtukan zuciya na ciki), wanda bawul din zuciya na tricuspid ya ɓace ko kuma ya inganta ba. Launin yana toshe magudanar jini daga atrium na dama zuwa ƙasan dama. Sauran lahani na zuciya ko jirgin ruwa galibi suna kasancewa a lokaci guda.

Tricuspid atresia wani nau'in abu ne mai ban mamaki na cututtukan zuciya na ciki. Yana shafar kusan 5 cikin kowace haihuwa mai rai. Daya daga cikin mutane biyar da ke da wannan yanayin shima zai sami wasu matsalolin zuciya.

A yadda aka saba, jini yana gudana daga jiki zuwa cikin atrium na dama, sannan ta cikin bawul din tricuspid zuwa gefen hagu na dama kuma zuwa huhu. Idan tricuspid bawul bai bude ba, jinin ba zai iya guduwa daga atrium na dama zuwa bangaren dama ba. Saboda matsala tare da bawul din tricuspid, jini a ƙarshe ba zai iya shiga huhun ba. Wannan shine inda dole ne ya tafi don karɓar oxygen (ya zama oxygenated).

Madadin haka, jinin yana bi ta rami tsakanin dama da hagu atrium. A atrium na hagu, yana haɗuwa da jini mai wadataccen oxygen wanda yake dawowa daga huhu. Wannan cakuda mai wadataccen oxygen da jinin maras kyau sai a fitar dashi cikin jiki daga hagu ta hagu. Wannan yana sa matakin oxygen a cikin jini ya zama ƙasa da yadda yake.

A cikin mutanen da ke da cutar atricia, huhu na karɓar jini ko dai ta rami tsakanin ɗakunan dama da hagu (wanda aka bayyana a sama), ko kuma ta hanyar gyara jirgin ruwan tayi wanda ake kira da ductus arteriosus. Ductus arteriosus ya haɗa jijiyar huhu (jijiya zuwa huhu) zuwa aorta (babban jijiyoyin jiki). Yana nan lokacin da aka haifi jariri, amma yawanci yakan rufe shi da kansa jim kaɗan bayan haihuwa.

Kwayar cutar sun hada da:

• Launin Bluish zuwa fata (cyanosis) saboda ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin jini
• Saurin numfashi
• Gajiya
• Rashin girma
• Rashin numfashi

Ana iya gano wannan yanayin yayin ɗaukar hoto na duban dan tayi na yau da kullun ko lokacin da aka bincika jaririn bayan haihuwa. Fatar Bluish ta kasance a lokacin haihuwa. Gunaguni na zuciya sau da yawa ana haihuwa yayin haihuwa kuma yana iya ƙaruwa da ƙarfi sama da watanni da yawa.

Gwajin na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• ECG
• Echocardiogram
• Kirjin x-ray
• Cardiac catheterization
• MRI na zuciya
• CT scan na zuciya

Da zarar an gano cutar, za a shigar da jaririn sau da yawa zuwa sashin kulawa mai kula da jarirai (NICU). Za a iya amfani da wani magani da ake kira prostaglandin E1 don ci gaba da ductus arteriosis don jini ya zaga zuwa huhu.

Gabaɗaya, marasa lafiya da wannan yanayin suna buƙatar tiyata. Idan zuciya ta kasa fitar da isasshen jini zuwa huhu da sauran jiki, aikin tiyata na farko galibi ana yin sa ne a cikin fewan kwanakin farko na rayuwa. A wannan aikin, ana saka shuntin roba don kiyaye jini mai gudana zuwa huhu. A wasu lokuta, ba a buƙatar wannan tiyata ta farko.

Bayan haka, jariri yakan tafi gida a mafi yawan lokuta. Yaron zai buƙaci shan magani ɗaya ko fiye na yau da kullun kuma likitan zuciya na yara ya bi shi sosai. Wannan likita zai yanke shawara lokacin da ya kamata a yi mataki na biyu na tiyata.

Mataki na gaba na aikin tiyata ana kiran shi tsarin Glenn shunt ko tsarin hemi-Fontan. Wannan aikin yana haɗa rabin jijiyoyin dake ɗauke da jini mara ƙaran oxygen daga rabin rabin jikin kai tsaye zuwa jijiyar huhu. A mafi yawan lokuta ana yin aikin tiyatar lokacin da yaro ya kai tsakanin watanni 4 zuwa 6.

Yayin matakin I da na II, yaro na iya yin shuɗi (cyanotic).

Mataki na III, mataki na ƙarshe, ana kiran sa aikin Fontan. Sauran jijiyoyin dake dauke da jini mara kyau na oxygen daga jiki suna hade kai tsaye zuwa jijiyar huhu da ke kaiwa zuwa huhu. Hannun hagu na hagu yanzu yana yin famfo zuwa jiki kawai, ba huhu ba. Wannan tiyatar galibi ana yin sa ne lokacin da yaro ya kai watanni 18 zuwa 3. Bayan wannan matakin na ƙarshe, fatar jaririn ba ta da shuɗi.

A mafi yawan lokuta, tiyata za ta inganta yanayin.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Ba daidai ba, saurin zuciya (arrhythmias)
• Ciwon gudawa (daga cutar da ake kira enteropathy mai asara)
• Ajiyar zuciya
• Ruwa a cikin ciki (ascites) da kuma cikin huhu (pleural effusion)
• Toshewar shuntin roba
• Shanyewar jiki da sauran rikice-rikicen tsarin
• Mutuwa kwatsam

Tuntuɓi mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya kai tsaye idan jaririnka ya sami:

• Sabbin canje-canje a tsarin shakar numfashi
• Matsalar cin abinci
• Fata da ke juya shuɗi

Babu wata sananniyar hanya don hana tricuspid atresia.

Tri atresia; Ciwon bawul - tricuspid atresia; Zuciyar ciki - tricuspid atresia; Ciwon zuciya na Cyanotic - tricuspid atresia

• Zuciya - sashi ta tsakiya
• Tricuspid atresia

Fraser CD, Kane LC. Cutar cututtukan zuciya. A cikin: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Littafin Sabiston na tiyata. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 58.

Webb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, Redington AN. Cutar cututtukan ciki a cikin baligi da haƙuri na yara. A cikin: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald na Ciwon Zuciya: Littafin rubutu na Magungunan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 75.