Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa ta hanyar cizon yashin mata.

Leishmaniasis yana haifar da ƙananan ƙwayar cuta da ake kira leishmania protozoa. Protozoa kwayoyin halitta ne masu rai daya.

Hanyoyi daban-daban na leishmaniasis sune:

• Cutaccen cututtukan leishmaniasis yana shafar fata da ƙwayoyin mucous. Ciwan fata yakan fara ne daga wurin cizon yashi. A cikin 'yan mutane, ciwo na iya ci gaba a kan ƙwayoyin mucous.
• Tsarin, ko visceral, leishmaniasis yana shafar dukkan jiki. Wannan nau in yana faruwa ne watanni 2 zuwa 8 bayan da sandfly ya ciji mutum. Yawancin mutane ba sa tuna ciwon fata. Wannan nau'i na iya haifar da rikitarwa masu saurin kisa. Kwayoyin cutar parasites suna lalata tsarin garkuwar jiki ta hanyar rage lambobin ƙwayoyin cuta masu yaƙi.

An bayar da rahoton lamuran cutar leishmaniasis a duk nahiyoyi ban da Australia da Antarctica. A cikin Amurka, ana iya samun cutar a Mexico da Kudancin Amurka. Hakanan an ruwaito shi a cikin ma'aikatan soji da suka dawo daga Tekun Fasha.

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na leishmaniasis sun dogara ne da wuraren da raunukan suke kuma suna iya haɗawa da:

• Matsalar numfashi
• Ciwon fata, wanda zai iya zama miki ga fata wanda ke warkarwa a hankali
• Hancin hanci, hanci, da hanci
• Hadiyar wahala
• Ceulji da lalacewa (yashwa) a cikin baki, harshe, gumis, lebe, hanci, da hanci na ciki

Tsarin ƙwayar visceral na yara a cikin yara yawanci yana farawa farat ɗaya tare da:

• Tari
• Gudawa
• Zazzaɓi
• Amai

Manya yawanci suna da zazzaɓi na makonni 2 zuwa watanni 2, tare da alamomi irin su gajiya, rauni, da rage cin abinci. Rashin rauni yana ƙaruwa yayin da cutar ke ci gaba da ta’azzara.

Sauran alamun cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haɗawa da:

• Ciwan ciki
• Zazzaɓin da ya ɗauki makonni; na iya zuwa da tafiya a cikin hawan keke
• Zufar dare
• Scaly, launin toka, duhu, ashen fata
• Siririn gashi
• Rage nauyi

Mai ba da lafiyarku zai bincika ku kuma zai iya gano cewa ƙwayoyinku, hanta, da ƙwayoyin lymph sun faɗaɗa. Za a tambaye ku idan kun tuna yadda ƙura ƙura ta cije ku ko kuma kun kasance a yankin da ake yawan samun leishmaniasis.

Gwaje-gwajen da za ayi don gano yanayin sun haɗa da:

• Biopsy na baƙin ciki da al'ada
• Kashi da al'ada
• Kai tsaye gwajin agglutination
• Gwajin rigakafin rigakafin kai tsaye
• Leishmania takamaiman gwajin PCR
• Kwayar halitta da al'ada
• Lymph kumburi biopsy da al'adu
• Gwajin fata na Montenegro (ba a yarda da shi ba a Amurka)
• Kwayar halittar fata da al'ada

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a iya yi sun haɗa da:

• Kammala lissafin jini
• Gwajin serologic
• Sinadarin albumin
• Magungunan immunoglobulin
• Maganin furotin

Magungunan da ke dauke da antimony sune manyan magunguna da ake amfani dasu don magance leishmaniasis. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Meglumine antimoniate
• Sodium stibogluconate

Sauran magunguna da za'a iya amfani dasu sun haɗa da:

• Amphotericin B
• Ketoconazole
• Miltefosine
• Paromomycin
• Pentamidine

Ana iya buƙatar tiyata ta roba don gyara lalacewar da rauni a fuska (cutaneous leishmaniasis).

Matsakaicin warkarwa suna da yawa tare da maganin da ya dace, galibi idan aka fara magani kafin ya shafi tsarin garkuwar jiki. Cutaccen cututtukan leishmaniasis na iya haifar da rauni.

Yawancin lokaci ana haifar da mutuwa ta hanyar rikitarwa (kamar sauran cututtuka), maimakon daga cutar kanta. Mutuwa galibi tana faruwa ne tsakanin shekaru 2.

Leishmaniasis na iya haifar da mai zuwa:

• Zub da jini (zubar jini)
• M cututtuka saboda lalacewar tsarin na rigakafi
• Rashin mutuncin fuska

Tuntuɓi mai ba ku sabis idan kuna da alamun cutar leishmaniasis bayan ziyartar yankin da aka san cutar ta faru.

Measuresaukar matakai don kauce wa cizon yashi yana iya taimakawa rigakafin leishmaniasis:

• Sanya raga mai kyau a gefen gado (a wuraren da cutar ke faruwa)
• Ganin windows
• Sanye da maganin kwari
• Sanya tufafi masu kariya

Matakan kiwon lafiyar jama'a don rage ƙurar ƙura suna da mahimmanci. Babu alluran rigakafi ko magunguna da ke hana cutar leishmaniasis.

Kala-azar; Cututtukan leishmaniasis; Visishral leishmaniasis; Tsohon duniyar leishmaniasis; Sabuwar duniya leishmaniasis

• Leishmaniasis
• Leishmaniasis, mexicana - rauni a kan kunci
• Leishmaniasis a yatsa
• Leishmania panamensis a ƙafa
• Leishmania panamensis - kusa-kusa

Aronson NE, Copeland NK, Magill AJ. Leishmania nau'in: visceral (kala-azar), cutaneous, da mucosal leishmaniasis. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Bennett's Ka'idoji da Aiki na Cututtuka masu Cutar, Updatedaukaka Sabunta. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2020: babi na 275.

Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE, Oeltmann TN. Jini da nama sun fara fitowa I: hemoflagellates. A cikin: Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE, Oeltmann TN, eds. Ilimin ɗan adam. 5th ed. London, Birtaniya: Elsevier Academic Press; 2019: babi na 6.