Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma wani nau'in nau'ikan ciwan kansa ne wanda ke saurin tasowa daga jijiyar nama. Yawanci yakan faru ne ga jarirai da yara.

Neuroblastoma na iya faruwa a wurare da yawa na jiki. Yana tasowa daga kyallen takarda wanda ke samar da tsarin juyayi mai juyayi. Wannan wani bangare ne na tsarin juyayi wanda ke sarrafa ayyukan jiki, kamar bugun zuciya da hawan jini, narkewar abinci, da matakan wasu kwayoyin halittar jiki.

Yawancin neuroblastomas suna farawa ne a cikin ciki, a cikin gland, a kusa da laka, ko a kirji. Neuroblastomas na iya yadawa zuwa ƙasusuwa. Kasusuwa sun hada da na fuska, kwanyar, ƙashin ƙugu, kafadu, hannaye, da ƙafafu. Hakanan zai iya yaduwa zuwa bargon kasusuwa, hanta, kumburin lymph, fata, da kewaye idanu (orbits).

Ba a san abin da ya haifar da cutar ba. Masana sunyi imanin cewa nakasa a cikin kwayoyin halitta na iya taka rawa. Rabin rabi na ciwan ciki ana haihuwa. Neuroblastoma galibi ana bincikar yara a cikin shekaru kafin su kai shekara 5. Kowace shekara ana samun kusan sababbin larura 700 a Amurka. Rashin lafiyar ya fi zama sananne ga yara maza.

A mafi yawan mutane, ciwon ya bazu lokacin da aka fara gano shi.

Alamomin farko sune yawan zafin jiki, jin ciwo gaba daya, da ciwo. Hakanan ƙila za a rasa ci, rage nauyi, da gudawa.

Sauran bayyanar cututtuka sun dogara da shafin yanar gizon ƙari, kuma suna iya haɗawa da:

• Jin zafi ko taushi (idan ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa ƙasusuwa)
• Jin wahalar numfashi ko tari mai dorewa (idan cutar daji ta bazu zuwa kirji)
• Abdomenara ciki (daga babban ƙari ko ruwa mai yawa)
• Flushed, ja fata
• Fata mai haske da launin shuɗi kewaye da idanun
• Girman zufa
• Saurin bugun zuciya (tachycardia)

Inwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da matsalolin tsarin damuwa na iya haɗawa da:

• Rashin iya zubar da mafitsara
• Rashin motsi (inna) na kwatangwalo, ƙafafu, ko ƙafafu (ƙananan ƙasan hannu)
• Matsaloli tare da daidaituwa
• Motsa ido ko ƙafa da ƙafafu da ba a sarrafawa (wanda ake kira ciwo na opsoclonus-myoclonus, ko "idanun rawa da ƙafafun rawa")

Mai ba da lafiyar zai bincika yaron. Dogaro da wurin da kumburin yake:

• Zai iya zama akwai dunkulewa ko taro a cikin ciki.
• Hantar na iya faɗaɗawa, idan ƙari ya bazu zuwa hanta.
• Zai iya zama hawan jini da bugun zuciya da sauri idan kumburin yana cikin gland.
• Magungunan Lymph na iya kumbura.

X-ray ko wasu gwaje-gwaje na hoto ana yin su ne don gano babban ƙari (na farko) da ganin inda ya bazu. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Binciken kashi
• -Arfin x-ray
• Kirjin x-ray
• CT scan na kirji da ciki
• Binciken MRI na kirji da ciki

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a iya yi sun haɗa da:

• Biopsy na ƙari
• Gwajin kasusuwa
• Cikakken ƙididdigar jini (CBC) wanda ke nuna ƙarancin jini ko wata cuta
• Nazarin coagulation da erythrocyte sedimentation sedimentation (ESR)
• Gwajin Hormone (gwajin jini don bincika matakan hormones irin su catecholamines)
• MIBG scan (gwajin hoto don tabbatar da kasancewar neuroblastoma)
• Fitsarin gwajin awa 24 don catecholamines, homovanillic acid (HVA), da vanillymandelic acid (VMA)

Jiyya ya dogara da:

• Matsayi na ƙari
• Nawa ne kuma a ina kumburin ya yadu
• Shekarun mutum

A wasu lokuta, tiyata kadai ya isa. Sau da yawa, kodayake, ana buƙatar sauran hanyoyin kwantar da hankali kuma. Ana iya bada shawarar magungunan sikari (chemotherapy) idan kumburin ya bazu.Hakanan za'a iya amfani da maganin kashe hasken rana.

Hakanan ana amfani da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, da kuma rigakafin rigakafi.

Kuna iya sauƙaƙa damuwar rashin lafiya ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙungiyar tallafawa kansa. Yin tarayya da wasu waɗanda suke da masaniya da matsaloli na yau da kullun na iya taimaka muku da yaranku kada ku ji kaɗaita.

Sakamakon ya bambanta. A cikin yara ƙanana, ƙari na iya wucewa da kansa, ba tare da magani ba. Ko kuma, kyallen ƙwayar cuta na iya yin girma kuma su zama cikin ƙari wanda ba shi da ƙwayar cuta (mara kyau) wanda ake kira ganglioneuroma, wanda za'a iya cire shi ta hanyar tiyata. A wasu lokuta, ƙwayar cutar ta bazu cikin sauri.

Amsawa ga magani kuma ya bambanta. Magunguna galibi suna samun nasara idan ciwon daji bai bazu ba. Idan ya bazu, neuroblastoma ya fi wahalar warkewa. Ananan yara sukan yi kyau fiye da yara.

Yaran da aka kula da su don neuroblastoma na iya zama cikin haɗarin samun na biyu, daban daban na sankara a nan gaba.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Yada (metastasis) na ƙari
• Lalacewa da asarar aiki na gabobin da ke ciki

Kirawo mai ba da sabis idan yaronku yana da alamun cututtukan neuroblastoma. Gano asali da magani yana inganta damar kyakkyawan sakamako.

Ciwon daji - neuroblastoma

• Neuroblastoma a cikin hanta - CT scan

Dome JS, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Spunt SL, Santana VM. Ciwon ƙwayar cuta na yara. A cikin: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff na Clinical Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: babi na 95.

Yanar gizo Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Maganin Neuroblastoma (PDQ) - fasalin ƙwararrun masu kiwon lafiya. www.cancer.gov/types/neuroblastoma/hp/neuroblastoma-treatment-pdq. An sabunta Agusta 17, 2018. An shiga Nuwamba 12, 2018.