Adrenal gland

Glanden adrenal sune kananan gland masu siffa-uku-uku. Gland daya yana saman kowacce koda.

Kowane gland shine yake girman girman babban yatsa. Sashin waje na gland shine ake kira bawo. Yana samar da hormones na steroid kamar su cortisol, aldosterone, da homonin da za'a iya canza su zuwa testosterone. Sashin ciki na gland shine ake kira medulla. Yana samar da epinephrine da norepinephrine. Wadannan kwayoyin ana kiransu adrenaline da noradrenaline.

Lokacin da gland ke haifar da ƙari ko lessasa da hormones fiye da al'ada, zaku iya yin rashin lafiya. Wannan na iya faruwa yayin haihuwa ko daga baya a rayuwa.

Kwayoyin adrenal na iya kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa, kamar cututtukan autoimmune, cututtuka, marurai, da zubar jini. Wasu na dindindin wasu kuma sukan tafi akan lokaci. Magunguna na iya shafar gland adrenal.

Pituitary, wani karamin gland a kasan kwakwalwa, yana fitar da wani homon da ake kira ACTH wanda yake da mahimmanci wajen kara kuzari. Cututtukan cikin jiki na iya haifar da matsaloli tare da aikin adrenal.

Yanayin da ke da alaƙa da matsalolin gland shine ya haɗa da:

• Addison cuta, wanda kuma ake kira adrenal insufficiency - cuta da ke faruwa yayin da adrenal gland ba su samar da isasshen hormones
• Enwararriyar hyperplasia na ƙwararriya - wanda cikin gland adrenal ba shi da enzyme da ake buƙata don yin hormones
• Ciwon Cushing - cuta da ke faruwa yayin da jiki ke da babban matakin hormone cortisol
• Ciwon sukari mellitus (hawan jini mai yawa) wanda sanadin adrenal gland shine yake yin cortisol mai yawa
• Glucocorticoid magunguna kamar prednisone, dexamethasone, da sauransu
• Girman gashi ko maras so a cikin mata (hirsutism)
• Gudun bayan kafadu (dorsocervical fat pad)
• Hypoglycemia - ƙarancin sukari a cikin jini
• Primary aldosteronism (Conn syndrome) - cuta wanda adrenal gland yake saki da yawa na hormone aldosterone
• Hawan jini mai yaduwa mai yawa (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome) - gazawar glandon adrenal don yin aiki sakamakon zubar jini a cikin gland din, galibi ana alakanta shi da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, wanda ake kira sepsis

• Endocrine gland
• Adrenal gland
• Adrenal gland biopsy

Friedman TC. Adrenal gland. A cikin: Benjamin IJ, Griggs RC, Wing EJ, Fitz JG, eds. Andreoli da Masassaƙan Cecil Mahimman Magunguna. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 64.

Newell-Price JDC, Auchus RJ. Tsarin adrenal. A cikin: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Littafin Williams na Endocrinology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 15.

Tsayawa S. Suprarenal (adrenal) gland. A cikin: Tsayawa S, ed. Gray's Anatomy. 41th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 71.