Abubuwan da aka tsara na asali

Abubuwan da aka ƙera a cikin jinsin (GE) sun canza DNA ta amfani da ƙwayoyin halitta daga wasu tsirrai ko dabbobi. Masana kimiyya sun dauki kwayar halittar don dabi'ar da ake so a wata shuka ko dabba, kuma suna shigar da wannan kwayar halittar a cikin kwayar wata shuka ko dabba.

Za'a iya yin aikin injiniya tare da tsire-tsire, dabbobi, ko ƙwayoyin cuta da wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Kimiyyar halittu tana bawa masana kimiyya damar kwashe kwayoyin halittar da ake so daga wata shuka ko dabba zuwa wani. Hakanan za'a iya motsa kwayoyin daga dabba zuwa tsirrai ko akasin haka. Wani suna don wannan shine kwayoyin halittar da aka canza, ko GMOs.

Tsarin don ƙirƙirar abinci na GE ya bambanta da zaɓin kiwo. Wannan ya haɗa da zaɓar shuke-shuke ko dabbobi masu halaye da ake so kuma a hayayyafa da su. Bayan lokaci, wannan yana haifar da zuriya tare da waɗancan halayen.

Daya daga cikin matsalolin dake tattare da kiwo shine kuma hakan na iya haifar da halayen da ba'a so. Tsarin Injiniyanci yana bawa masana kimiyya damar zabar takamaiman kwayar halitta don dasawa. Wannan yana hana gabatar da wasu kwayoyin halitta tare da halaye marasa kyau. Injiniyan kwayar halitta yana kuma taimakawa hanzarta ƙirƙirar sabbin abinci tare da halaye da ake so.

Fa'idodi mai yuwuwa na kimiyyar halittu sun hada da:

• Foodarin abinci mai gina jiki
• Abincin mai ɗanɗano
• Cututtuka-da tsire-tsire masu tsayayyar fari waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙananan albarkatun muhalli (kamar ruwa da takin zamani)
• Karancin amfani da magungunan kwari
• Supplyara wadataccen abinci tare da rage tsada da tsawan rayuwa
• Saurin shuke-shuke da dabbobi
• Abinci tare da kyawawan halaye, kamar dankalin turawa wanda ke samar da abu mafi karancin abu mai haifar da cutar kansa idan aka soya
• Abincin magani wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman allurai ko wasu magunguna

Wasu mutane sun nuna damuwa game da abincin GE, kamar:

• Ofirƙirar abinci wanda zai iya haifar da rashin lafia ko haɗari mai guba
• Canje-canjen halittar da ba zato ba tsammani ko cutarwa
• Canza canjin yanayi daga wata shuka ta GM ko dabba zuwa wata shuka ko dabba da ba ayi niyyar canjin kwayar halitta ba
• Abincin da ba shi da gina jiki

Wadannan damuwar har yanzu ba su da tushe. Babu wani abincin GE da aka yi amfani da shi a yau da ya haifar da waɗannan matsalolin. Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) tana tantance duk abincin GE don tabbatar da lafiyarsu kafin barin su a sayar. Baya ga FDA, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) da Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka (USDA) suna tsara tsire-tsire da dabbobi masu rai. Suna tantance amincin abincin GE ga mutane, dabbobi, shuke-shuke, da mahalli.

Auduga, masara, da waken suya sune manyan GE da ake shukawa a Amurka. Yawancin waɗannan ana amfani dasu don ƙirƙirar abubuwan abinci don wasu abinci, kamar:

• Ana amfani da ruwan masara a matsayin mai zaki a abinci da abin sha da yawa
• Masarar masara da ake amfani da ita a cikin miya da miya
• Waken soya, masara, da man kanola da ake amfani da shi a cikin abincin burodi, burodi, kayan salatin, da mayonnaise
• Sugar daga sukari beets
• Abincin dabbobi

Sauran manyan GE amfanin gona sun hada da:

• Tuffa
• Gwanda
• Dankali
• Squash

Babu wata illa daga cin abincin GE.

Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya, Makarantar Kimiyya ta otherasa, da sauran manyan ƙungiyoyin kimiyya da yawa a duk faɗin duniya sun sake nazarin bincike kan abinci na GE kuma ba su sami shaidar cewa suna da illa ba. Babu rahoton rashin lafiya, rauni, ko cutar muhalli saboda abincin GE. Abubuwan da aka kera su bisa ga dabi'a suna da aminci kamar abinci na al'ada.

Ma’aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka a kwanan nan ta fara neman masu kera abinci da su bayyana bayanai game da abincin da ake sarrafawa da sinadarin.

Abincin da ke cikin halittu; GMOs; Abubuwan da aka canza dabi'unsu

Hielscher S, Pies I, Valentinov V, Chatalova L. Bayyana muhawarar GMO: hanyar da ba ta dace ba don magance tatsuniyoyin noma. Int J Environ Res na Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a. 2016; 13 (5): 476. PMID: 27171102 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27171102/.

Makarantun Kimiyya na Kasa, Injiniya, da Magunguna. 2016. Tsarin Gine-Gine na Tsarin Tsarin Halitta: Kwarewa da Bukatu. Washington, DC: Jaridar Makaranta ta Kasa.

Yanar gizo Ma'aikatar Noma ta Amurka. Matsayin fitowar abinci mai inganci na ƙasa. www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/national-bioengineered-food-disclosure-standard. Ranar aiki: Fabrairu 19, 2019. An shiga Satumba 28, 2020.

Yanar gizo Cibiyar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka. Fahimtar sabon iri. www.fda.gov/food/food-new-plant-varieties/consumer-info-about-food-genetically-engineered-plants. An sabunta Maris 2, 2020. An shiga 28 Satumba, 2020.