Microcephaly

Microcephaly wani yanayi ne wanda girman kan mutum ya fi ƙanƙanta da na wasu waɗanda suke da shekaru ɗaya da kuma jinsi. Girman kai ana auna shi azaman nisan saman kai. Determinedarami da girman al'ada an ƙaddara shi ta amfani da daidaitattun sigogi.

Microcephaly galibi yana faruwa ne saboda ƙwaƙwalwa ba ta yin girma daidai gwargwado. Girman kwanyar mutum ne ke tabbatar da ci gaban kwakwalwa. Girman kwakwalwa yana faruwa yayin jariri yana cikin ciki da lokacin ƙuruciya.

Yanayi da ke shafar ci gaban kwakwalwa na iya haifar da ƙanƙantar girman girman kai. Wadannan sun hada da cututtuka, cututtukan kwayoyin halitta, da rashin abinci mai gina jiki mai tsanani.

Yanayin halitta wanda ke haifar da microcephaly sun hada da:

• Cornelia de Lange ciwo
• Cri du chat ciwo
• Rashin ciwo
• Rubinstein-Taybi ciwo
• Ciwon Seckel
• Smith-Lemli-Opitz ciwo
• Trisomy 18
• Trisomy 21

Sauran matsalolin da zasu iya haifar da microcephaly sun hada da:

• Tsarin da ba a sarrafa ba (PKU) a cikin uwa
• Guban Methylmercury
• Rubutun ciki na haihuwa
• Hanyar toxoplasmosis
• Hanyar cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• Amfani da wasu kwayoyi yayin ciki, musamman barasa da phenytoin

Yin kamuwa da kwayar Zika yayin da take da juna biyu na iya haifar da microcephaly. An gano kwayar cutar Zika a Afirka, da Kudancin Fasifik, yankuna masu zafi na Asiya, da kuma a Brazil da wasu sassan Kudancin Amurka, tare da Mexico, Amurka ta Tsakiya, da Caribbean.

Mafi yawan lokuta, ana gane microcephaly a lokacin haihuwa ko yayin gwajin lafiyar yara. Yi magana da mai baka kiwon lafiya idan kana ganin girman kan jaririn yayi karami sosai ko kuma baya girma kullum.

Kira wa mai ba ku sabis idan ku ko abokiyar zamanku ta kasance zuwa yankin da Zika take kuma kuna da ciki ko tunanin yin ciki.

Yawancin lokaci, ana gano microcephaly yayin gwajin yau da kullun. Gwajin kai wani bangare ne na dukkan gwaje-gwajen jarirai na watanni 18 na farko. Gwajin yana ɗaukar takean daƙiƙo kaɗan yayin da aka saka teburin auna a kan kan jaririn.

Mai ba da sabis zai adana rikodin akan lokaci don ƙayyade:

• Menene kewayon kai?
• Shin kai yana girma a hankali fiye da jiki?
• Waɗanne alamun alamun akwai?

Hakanan yana iya zama taimako don kiyaye bayananku game da ci gaban jaririn. Yi magana da mai ba ka idan ka lura cewa girman kan jaririn yana neman raguwa.

Idan mai ba da sabis ya binciko ɗanka da microcephaly, ya kamata ka lura da shi a cikin bayanan lafiyar ɗan ka.

• Kwanyar sabuwar haihuwa
• Microcephaly
• Duban dan tayi, tayi na al'ada - kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Cutar Zika. www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html. An sabunta Yuni 4, 2019. An shiga Nuwamba 15, 2019.

Johansson MA, Mier-Y-Teran-Romero L, Reefhuis J, Gilboa SM, Hills SL. Zika da hadarin microcephaly. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375 (1): 1-4. PMID: 27222919 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27222919/.

Kinsman SL, Johnston MV. Abubuwa masu haɗari na tsarin kulawa na tsakiya. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi 609.

Mizaa GM, Dobyns WB. Rikicin girman kwakwalwa. A cikin: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, eds. Swaiman's Neurology na Yara: Ka'idoji da Ayyuka. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 28.