Canjin tsufa a cikin samar da hormone

Tsarin endocrin yana hade da gabobi da kyallen takarda wadanda ke samar da homon.Hormones sunadarai ne na halitta waɗanda aka samar dasu a wuri ɗaya, wanda aka sakasu cikin magudanar jini, sannan sauran gabobin da tsarin ke amfani dasu.

Hormones yana kula da gabobin da aka nufa. Wasu tsarin gabobi suna da nasu tsarin sarrafa ciki tare, ko maimakon, hormones.

Yayinda muke tsufa, canje-canje na dabi'a suna faruwa a yadda ake sarrafa tsarin jiki. Wasu nau'in kyallen takarda suna da rauni sosai game da tasirin sarrafa su. Hakanan adadin homonin da aka samar na iya canzawa.

Matakan jini na wasu sinadarai suna ƙaruwa, wasu suna raguwa, wasu kuma basu canzawa. Har ila yau, Hormones suna lalacewa (metabolized) a hankali.

Yawancin gabobin da ke samar da homonu ana sarrafa su ne ta sauran kwayoyin. Tsufa kuma yana canza wannan aikin. Misali, kayan halittar endocrin na iya samar da karancin homonin sa kamar yadda ya yi a lokacin kankanta, ko kuma zai iya samar da irin wannan adadin a hankali.

SAUYIN CIGABA

Hypothalamus yana cikin kwakwalwa. Yana samar da hormones wanda ke sarrafa sauran sifofin a cikin tsarin endocrin, gami da gland na pituitary. Adadin waɗannan abubuwan sarrafa kwayoyin ba su da yawa daidai, amma martani ta ɓangarorin endocrin na iya canzawa yayin da muke tsufa.

Gland din pituitary yana ƙasa a ƙasa (ƙarancin baya) ko kuma a cikin (ƙwaƙwalwar baya) kwakwalwa. Wannan gland shine yakai girman girmansa a tsakiyar shekaru sannan sannu a hankali ya zama karami. Yana da sassa biyu:

• Bangaren baya (na baya) yana adana homonin da aka samar a cikin hypothalamus.
• Bangaren gaba (na baya) yana samar da homonin da ke shafar girma, glandar thyroid (TSH), gyambon ciki, ovaries, testes, da nono.

Glandar thyroid tana cikin wuyansa. Yana samar da hormones wanda ke taimakawa sarrafa metabolism. Tare da tsufa, thyroid zai iya zama dunƙule (nodular). Metabolism yana jinkiri akan lokaci, farawa a kusan shekaru 20. Saboda an samar da homonin thyroid kuma ya karye (a canza shi) a daidai wannan matakin, gwajin aikin aikin ƙirar ka yawanci al'ada ce A wasu mutane, matakan hormone na thyroid na iya tashi, wanda ke haifar da haɗarin mutuwa daga cututtukan zuciya.

Glandan parathyroid sune ƙananan gland guda huɗu waɗanda ke kusa da thyroid. Parathyroid hormone yana shafar ƙwayoyin calcium da phosphate, waɗanda ke shafar ƙarfin ƙashi. Matakan hormone Parathyroid suna tashi tare da shekaru, wanda na iya taimakawa ga osteoporosis.

Ciwon ciki ne ke samar da insulin. Yana taimakawa suga (glucose) daga jini zuwa cikin sel, inda za'a iya amfani dashi don kuzari.

Matsakaicin matakin glucose mai sauri yakan haura miligrams 6 zuwa 14 a kowace deciliter (mg / dL) kowace shekara 10 bayan shekaru 50 da haihuwa kamar yadda kwayoyin ke zama ba sa damuwa da tasirin insulin. Da zarar matakin ya kai 126 mg / dL ko mafi girma, ana ɗaukar mutum yana da ciwon sukari.

Gland din adrenal yana sama da kodan. Thewayar adrenal, farfajiyar farfajiya, tana samar da hormones aldosterone, cortisol, da dehydroepiandrosterone.

• Aldosterone yana daidaita ma'aunin ruwa da lantarki.
• Cortisol shine hormone "amsar damuwa". Yana shafar lalacewar glucose, furotin, da mai, kuma yana da sakamako mai ƙin kumburi da rashin lafiyan.

Sakin Aldosterone yana raguwa tare da shekaru. Wannan raguwar zai iya taimakawa ga fitilar kai da digo cikin hawan jini tare da canjin matsayi kwatsam (orthostatic hypotension). Sakin Cortisol shima yana raguwa tare da tsufa, amma matakin jini na wannan hormone ya kasance kusan ɗaya. Dehydroepiandrosterone shima ya fadi. Illar wannan digo a jiki ba bayyananne bane.

Kwai da gogewar suna da ayyuka biyu. Suna haifar da kwayayen haihuwa (ova da maniyyi). Hakanan suna samar da homonin jima'i wanda ke sarrafa halayen jima'i na biyu, kamar ƙirji da gashin fuska.

• Tare da tsufa, maza galibi suna da ƙananan matakin testosterone.
• Mata suna da ƙananan matakan estradiol da sauran kwayoyin halittar estrogen bayan sun gama al'ada.

SAKAMAKON CHANJI

Gabaɗaya, wasu kwayoyin halittar suna raguwa, wasu basa canzawa, wasu kuma suna ƙaruwa da shekaru. Hormones wanda yawanci yakan rage:

• Aldosterone
• Calcitonin
• Ci gaban hormone
• Renin

A cikin mata, yawan kwayar halittar estrogen da prolactin yakan ragu sosai.

Hormones wanda galibi baya canzawa ko kuma ɗan ragu kaɗan sun hada da:

• Cortisol
• Epinephrine
• Insulin
• Hannun thyroid na T3 da T4

Matakan testosterone yawanci suna raguwa a hankali yayin da maza suka tsufa.

Hormones wanda zai iya ƙaruwa ya haɗa da:

• Hormone-mai motsa motsa jiki (FSH)
• Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• Norepinephrine
• Parathyroid hormone

DANGANUN MAUDU'I

• Canjin tsufa a cikin rigakafi
• Canjin tsufa a cikin gabobi, kyallen takarda, da ƙwayoyin halitta
• Canjin tsufa a tsarin haihuwa na namiji
• Al'aura

• Al'aura
• Tsarin haihuwa na mata

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Brinton RD. Neuroendocrinology na tsufa. A cikin: Fillit HM, Rockwood K, Young J, eds. Littafin karatun Brocklehurst na Magungunan Geriatric da Gerontology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2017: babi na 13.

Lobo RA. Sauke haila da tsufa. A cikin: Strauss JF, Barbieri RL, eds. Yen & Jaffe's Haihuwar Endocrinology. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2019: sura 14.

Walston JD. Tsarin asibiti na yau da kullun na tsufa. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 22.