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Abun da ake sakawa a cochlear wani karamin lantarki ne wanda yake taimakawa mutane su ji. Ana iya amfani dashi ga mutanen da suka zama kurame ko kuma suke da matsalar ji sosai.

Gwanin cochlear ba daidai yake da na'urar ji ba. An dasa shi ta amfani da tiyata, kuma yana aiki ta wata hanya daban.

Akwai nau'ikan kayan kwalliya da yawa daban-daban. Koyaya, galibi sunfi waɗancan bangarorin masu kama da yawa.

  • An dasa wani sashi na na'urar ta hanyar tiyata a cikin kashin dake kewaye da kunne (kashi na wani lokaci). Ya ƙunshi mai karɓar mai-karɓa, wanda ya karɓa, ya yanke hukunci, sannan ya aika siginar lantarki zuwa kwakwalwa.
  • Kashi na biyu na dasawar cochlear na'urar waje ce. Wannan ya kunshi makirufo / mai karɓar bayanai, mai sarrafa magana, da eriya. Wannan ɓangaren abin dasa kayan yana karɓar sautin, ya canza sautin zuwa siginar lantarki, sannan ya aika shi zuwa cikin ɓangaren maƙerin cochlear.

WAYE YAYI AMFANI DA 'DAN MAI KARANTA?

Abubuwan da ake sakawa a Cochlear suna ba kurame damar karɓar da aiwatar da sauti da magana. Koyaya, waɗannan na'urorin ba su dawo da ji na yau da kullun ba. Su kayan aiki ne masu bada izinin sarrafa sauti da magana zuwa aikawa zuwa kwakwalwa.


Ginin cochlear bai dace da kowa ba. Hanyar da aka zaba wa mutum don sanya kayan maye yana canzawa yayin da fahimtar hanyoyin ji na kwakwalwa (masu sauraro) ya inganta kuma fasahar ta canza.

Duk yara da manya na iya zama 'yan takara don sanya kayan kwalliya. Mutanen da suka yi takara da wannan na'urar na iya zama an haife su da kurma ko kuma sun zama kurma bayan sun koyi magana. Yaran da basu kai shekara 1 yanzu sun zama yan takarar wannan tiyatar. Kodayake ka'idoji sun ɗan bambanta da manya da yara, suna dogara ne da irin wannan jagororin:

  • Ya kamata mutum ya zama ya zama cikakke ko kusan kurma a cikin kunnuwan biyu, kuma kusan samun ci gaba ba tare da kayan jin ba. Duk wanda zai iya ji da kyau sosai tare da kayan aikin ji ba kyakkyawan ɗan takara bane don dasa kayan masarufi.
  • Ya kamata mutum ya zama mai ƙwazo sosai. Bayan an sanya abin dasa cochlear, dole ne su koyi yadda ake amfani da na'urar yadda ya kamata.
  • Mutumin yana buƙatar samun tsammanin abin da zai faru bayan tiyata. Na'urar ba ta dawo da ko ƙirƙirar ji na "al'ada" ba.
  • Yara suna buƙatar shiga cikin shirye-shiryen da ke taimaka musu koyon yadda ake sarrafa sauti.
  • Domin tantance ko mutum yana takara ne don dasawar cochlear, dole ne likitan kunne, hanci, da makogwaro (ENT) ya duba mutum (likitan likitan ne). Hakanan mutane za su buƙaci takamaiman nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen ji da aka yi tare da kayan jinsu a kunne.
  • Wannan na iya haɗawa da CT scan ko MRI na kwakwalwa da na tsakiya da na kunne.
  • Mutane (musamman yara) na iya buƙatar kimantawa daga masanin halayyar dan Adam don tantance ko su masu ƙwarewar takara ne.

YADDA AKE YI


Ana watsa sauti a cikin iska.A cikin kunne na yau da kullun, raƙuman sauti suna haifar da kunnuwa sannan kuma ƙasusuwan kunne na tsakiya suyi rawar jiki. Wannan yana aika kalaman rawar jiki zuwa cikin kunne na ciki (cochlea). Wadannan raƙuman ruwan suna canzawa ta hanyar cochlea zuwa siginonin lantarki, waɗanda aka aika tare da jijiyar jijiyar zuwa kwakwalwa.

Kurma ba shi da kunnen ciki na aiki. Gwanin cochlear yana ƙoƙari ya maye gurbin aikin kunnen cikin ta juya sauti zuwa makamashin lantarki. Ana iya amfani da wannan kuzarin don tayar da jijiyar zuciya (jijiyar ji), aika sakonni "sauti" zuwa kwakwalwa.

  • Ana ɗaukar sauti ta makirufo da aka sawa kusa da kunne. Ana aika wannan sautin ga mai sarrafa magana, wanda galibi ana haɗa shi da makirufo kuma ana sawa a bayan kunne.
  • Ana nazarin sautin kuma an canza shi zuwa siginonin lantarki, waɗanda aka aika zuwa mai karɓar tiyata a bayan kunne. Wannan mai karɓar sakon yana aika siginar ta waya zuwa cikin kunnen ciki.
  • Daga can ne, ake tura sakonnin lantarki zuwa kwakwalwa.

YADDA AKE AMFANI DASHI


Don yin tiyata:

  • Za ku sami maganin sa barci gaba ɗaya don haka za ku yi bacci kuma ku daina jin zafi.
  • Ana yin tiyata a bayan kunne, wani lokacin bayan an aske wani sashi na gashin bayan kunnen.
  • Ana amfani da microscope da rawar rawar kashi don buɗe kashi a bayan kunne (mastoid kashi) don ba da damar shigar da ɓangaren abin dasawa.
  • An wuce tsaran lantarki zuwa cikin kunnen ciki (cochlea).
  • Ana sanya mai karɓar cikin aljihun da aka ƙirƙira a bayan kunne. Aljihun yana taimaka wajan ajiye shi a wuri kuma yana tabbatar da kusa da fata don ba da damar aika bayanan lantarki daga na'urar. Ana iya haƙa rijiya a cikin ƙashin bayan kunnen don haka dasawar ba ta da sauƙi ta motsa a ƙarƙashin fata.

Bayan tiyata:

  • Za a sami dinki a bayan kunnen.
  • Mayila kuna iya jin mai karɓar kamar haɗuwa a bayan kunne.
  • Duk wani gashin da aka aske ya kamata ya girma.
  • Za a sanya ɓangaren waje na na'urar makonni 1 zuwa 4 bayan tiyata don bayar da lokacin buɗewa don warkewa.

HADARIN TABAWA

Gwanin cochlear aiki ne mai inganci. Koyaya, duk aikin tiyata yana da haɗari. Rashin haɗari bai zama gama gari ba yanzu cewa aikin tiyata ana yin sa ta ƙaramin yanki, amma na iya haɗawa da:

  • Matsalar warkarwa
  • Rushewar fata akan na'urar da aka dasa
  • Kamuwa da cuta kusa da wurin shuka

Complicationsananan rikice-rikice na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

  • Lalacewa ga jijiyar da ke motsa fuska a gefen aikin
  • Rashin zubowar ruwa a kusa da kwakwalwa (kwayar cutar kwakwalwa)
  • Kamuwa da ruwa a kewayen kwakwalwa (sankarau)
  • Rashin hankali na ɗan lokaci (vertigo)
  • Rushewar na'urar yayi aiki
  • Maras kyau dandano

SAMUN GYARA BAYAN WUTA

Ana iya shigar da ku asibiti a cikin dare don dubawa. Koyaya, asibitoci da yawa yanzu suna ba mutane damar zuwa gida ranar tiyata. Mai ba ku kiwon lafiya zai ba ku magunguna masu ciwo kuma wani lokacin maganin rigakafi don hana kamuwa da cuta. Yawancin likitocin tiyata suna sanya babban miya a kan kunnen da ke aiki. Ana cire suturar ranar bayan tiyata.

Mako ɗaya ko fiye bayan tiyata, an tabbatar da ɓangaren waje na cochlear implant ga mai karɓar-mai kuzarin da aka dasa a bayan kunne. A wannan gaba, zaku iya amfani da na'urar.

Da zarar wurin aikin tiyatar ya warke, kuma abin da aka dasa a haɗe yake da na’urar sarrafawa ta waje, za ku fara aiki tare da ƙwararru don koyon “ji” da sarrafa sauti ta amfani da abin da ake sakawa na cochlear. Waɗannan ƙwararrun na iya haɗawa da:

  • Masana ilimin sauti
  • Maganganun magana
  • Likitocin kunne, hanci, da makogwaro (masanan ilmin likitanci)

Wannan wani bangare ne mai matukar mahimmanci. Kuna buƙatar aiki tare da ƙungiyar kwararru don samun fa'ida mafi yawa daga dasawa.

KYAUTA

Sakamako tare da kayan aikin cochlear ya bambanta sosai. Yadda za ku yi ya dogara da:

  • Yanayin jijiyar ji kafin aikin tiyata
  • Hankalinku na tunani
  • Ana amfani da na'urar
  • Tsawon lokacin da ka kasance kurma
  • Yin aikin

Wasu mutane na iya koyan yadda ake sadarwa ta wayar tarho. Wasu kuma kawai zasu iya gane sauti. Samun matsakaicin sakamako na iya ɗaukar wasu shekaru, kuma kuna buƙatar kuzari. Mutane da yawa sun shiga cikin shirye-shiryen gyaran maganganu.

RAYU TARE DA WANI MAI AMFANI

Da zarar ka warke, akwai 'yan ƙuntatawa. Yawancin ayyukan an yarda. Koyaya, mai ba ku sabis na iya gaya muku ku guji wasannin tuntuɓar don rage damar rauni ga na'urar da aka dasa.

Yawancin mutane da ke da kayan maye ba za su iya yin sikanin MRI ba, saboda abin da aka yi da karfe ne.

Rashin sauraro - dasawar cochlear; Sensorineural - cochlear; Kurma - cochlear; Kurma - cochlear

  • Ciwon kunne
  • Dasawar Cochlear

McJunkin JL, Buchman C. Tsarin Cochlear a cikin manya. A cikin: Myers EN, Snyderman CH, eds. Gwanin Otolaryngology da kuma Yin Tiyata. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 137.

Naples JG, Ruckenstein MJ. Dasawar Cochlear. Kamfanin Otolaryngol na Arewacin Am. 2020; 53 (1): 87-102 PMID: 31677740 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31677740/.

Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya da Kwarewa ta Kasa (NICE). Gwanin Cochlear ga yara da manya masu tsananin rashin ji. Jagoran kimantawa na fasaha. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta566. An buga Maris 7, 2019. Samun dama ga Afrilu 23, 2020.

Roland JL, Ray WZ, Leuthardt EC. Neuroprosthetics. A cikin: Winn HR, ed. Youmans da Winn Yin aikin tiyata. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi 109.

Vohr B. Rashin ji a cikin jariri. A cikin: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, eds. Fanaroff da Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 59.

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