Hydrops tayi

Hydrops fetalis yanayi ne mai tsanani. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da adadin ruwa mai haɗari ya taru a ɓangarorin jiki biyu ko sama na ɗan tayi ko jariri. Alama ce ta manyan matsaloli.

Akwai nau'ikan hydrops fetals iri biyu, na rigakafi da marasa kariya. Nau'in ya dogara da dalilin ruwan mahaifa.

• Immun hydrops tayi shine mafi yawan lokuta rikitarwa na mummunan nau'i na rashin dacewar Rh, wanda za'a iya hana shi. Wannan wani yanayi ne wanda uwa wacce ke da Rh mummunan jini ta sanya ƙwayoyin cuta ga ɗanta na Rh tabbatacce ƙwayoyin jini, kuma ƙwayoyin suna haye mahaifa. Rashin daidaituwa na Rh yana haifar da adadi mai yawa na jajayen ƙwayoyin jini a cikin tayin da za a lalata (Wannan kuma ana kiranta da cutar hemolytic na jariri.) Wannan yana haifar da matsaloli ciki har da kumburin jiki gaba ɗaya. Tsananin kumburi na iya tsoma baki game da yadda gabobin jiki ke aiki.
• Nonimmune hydrops tayi ya fi yawa. Yana dauke da har zuwa 90% na lokuta na hydrops. Yanayin yana faruwa lokacin da cuta ko yanayin kiwon lafiya ke shafar ikon jiki don sarrafa ruwa. Akwai dalilai guda uku da ke haifar da wannan nau'in, matsalolin zuciya ko huhu, ƙarancin jini (kamar daga cutar thalassaemia ko cututtuka), da matsalolin kwayar halitta ko ci gaba, gami da cutar Turner.

Adadin jariran da ke kamuwa da cututtukan hydrops fetalis ya ragu saboda wani magani da ake kira RhoGAM. Ana ba da wannan magani azaman allura ga mata masu ciki waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin rashin daidaituwa ta Rh. Magungunan yana hana su yin rigakafin cutar kan jaririn jininsu. (Akwai wasu, mafi mahimmanci, rashin daidaito na ƙungiyar jini wanda zai iya haifar da haɓakar hydrops fetalis, amma RhoGAM baya taimakawa da waɗannan.)

Kwayar cutar ta dogara da tsananin yanayin. Formsananan siffofin na iya haifar da:

• Kumburin hanta
• Canji a cikin launin fata (pallor)

Formsarin siffofin da zasu iya haifar da:

• Matsalar numfashi
• Toshewa ko tsarkake rauni irin na fata a fata
• Ajiyar zuciya
• Tsananin karancin jini
• Ciwon mara mai tsanani
• Jimlar kumburin jiki

Wani duban dan tayi da akayi yayin daukar ciki na iya nuna:

• Babban matakan ruwan amniotic
• Babban mahaifa mara kyau
• Ruwa mai haifar da kumburi a ciki da kewayen gabobin ciki, ciki har da hanta, baƙin ciki, zuciya, ko yankin huhu

Za'a yi amniocentesis da kuma yawan zafin jiki don tantance tsananin yanayin.

Jiyya ya dogara da dalilin. Yayin ciki, magani na iya haɗawa da:

• Magani don haifar da nakuda da haihuwa da haihuwar jariri
• Isar da wuri idan yanayi yayi tsanani
• Ba da jini ga jaririn yayin da yake cikin mahaifar (ƙarin jini cikin tayi)

Jiyya ga jariri na iya haɗawa da:

• Don rigakafin hydrops, kai tsaye jini na jinin ja wanda ya dace da nau'in jinin jariri. Ana kuma yin musayar jini don kawar da jikin jaririn daga cikin abubuwan da ke lalata jinin jini.
• Cire ƙarin ruwa daga kewayen huhu da gabobin ciki tare da allura.
• Magunguna don kula da gazawar zuciya da taimakawa kodan cire karin ruwa.
• Hanyoyin da zasu taimakawa jariri shakar iska, kamar injin numfashi (iska).

Hydrops tayi tana haifar da mutuwar jariri jim kadan kafin ko bayan haihuwa. Hadarin ya fi kamari ga jariran da aka haifa da wuri ko waɗanda ba su da lafiya a lokacin haihuwa. Yaran da ke da lahani a tsarin, da waɗanda ba tare da gano asalin abin da ya haifar da hawan ma suna cikin haɗarin ba.

Lalacewar kwakwalwa da ake kira kernicterus na iya faruwa a yanayin rashin dacewar Rh. An ga jinkirin haɓaka a jariran da suka karɓi ƙarin jini a cikin mahaifa.

Ba za a iya hana rashin dacewar Rh ba idan aka ba uwa RhoGAM a lokacin da kuma bayan ciki.

• Hydrops tayi

Dahlke JD, Magann EF. Immunimation da nonimmune hydrops tayi. A cikin: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, eds. Fanaroff da Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. 10 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: sura 24.

Langlois S, Wilson RD. Hawan jini. A cikin: Pandya PP, Oepkes D, Sebire NJ, Wapner RJ, eds. Maganin Fetal: Kimiyyar Asali da Aiki. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 36.

Suhrie KR, Tabbah SM. Ciki mai hatsarin gaske. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 114.