Echocardiogram - yara

Echocardiogram gwaji ne wanda yake amfani da raƙuman sauti don ƙirƙirar hotunan zuciya. Ana amfani da shi tare da yara don taimakawa wajen gano cututtukan zuciya waɗanda ke cikin lokacin haihuwa (na haihuwa). Hoto ya fi cikakken bayani akan hoto na x-ray na yau da kullun. Har ila yau, echocardiogram ba ya fallasa yara ga radiation.

Mai ba da kulawar lafiyar yaronka na iya yin gwajin a asibiti, a asibiti, ko kuma a cikin asibitin marasa lafiya. Echocardiography a cikin yara ana yin su ko dai tare da yaron kwance ko kwance a cikin cinyar iyayensu. Wannan hanyar na iya taimaka musu don ta'azantar da su da kuma sa su cikin nutsuwa.

Ga kowane ɗayan waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, mai koyarda sonographer yana yin gwajin. Wani likitan zuciya ya fassara sakamakon.

TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAM (TTE)

TTE shine nau'in echocardiogram wanda yawancin yara zasuyi.

• Mawaƙin ɗan littafin yana saka gel a haƙarƙarin yaron kusa da ƙashin ƙirji a yankin da ke kusa da zuciya. Ana matsa wani kayan aiki na hannu, wanda ake kira transducer, a kan gel din a kirjin yaron kuma aka doshi zuwa zuciya. Wannan na’urar tana fitar da igiyar ruwa mai karfin gaske.
• Mai fassarar yana ɗaukar amo na raƙuman sauti da ke dawowa daga zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.
• Injin echocardiography yana canza wadannan motsawar zuwa hotuna masu motsi na zuciya. Har ila yau ana ɗaukar hotuna.
• Hotuna na iya zama siffa biyu ko uku.
• Dukan aikin yana ɗaukar kimanin minti 20 zuwa 40.

Gwajin yana bawa mai bada damar ganin bugun zuciya. Hakanan yana nuna kwakwalwar zuciya da sauran sifofi.

Wani lokaci, huhu, haƙarƙari, ko kayan jikinsu na iya hana raƙuman sauti su samar da hoto mai kyau na zuciya. A wannan yanayin, mawakiyar sonographer na iya yin allurar ruwa kadan (fenti mai banbanci) ta hanyar IV don ganin yadda zuciyar take.

TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAM (TEE)

TEE wani nau'in echocardiogram ne wanda yara zasu iya samu. Gwajin an yi shi tare da yaron kwance a kwance.

• Mai daukar hoton zai sanya bayan makogwaron danka ya saka karamin bututu a cikin bututun abincin yaron (esophagus). Ofarshen bututun yana ƙunshe da na'urar da za a aika da taguwar sauti.
• Sautin raƙuman ruwa suna nuna fasali a cikin zuciya kuma ana nuna su akan allo azaman hotunan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.
• Saboda esophagus yana bayan zuciya, ana amfani da wannan hanyar don samun bayyanannin hotunan zuciya.

Zaka iya ɗaukar waɗannan matakan don shirya ɗanka kafin aikin:

• Kar ka bari yaronka ya ci ko ya sha wani abu kafin ya sami TEE.
• Kada a yi amfani da kowane cream ko mai a kan ɗanka kafin jarrabawar.
• Yi bayanin gwajin dalla-dalla ga yaran da suka manyanta don su fahimci cewa ya kamata su kasance a tsaye yayin gwajin.
• Ananan yara ƙasa da shekaru 4 na iya buƙatar magani (kwantar da hankali) don taimaka musu su tsaya shiru don ƙarin hotuna masu haske.
• Bada yara sama da 4 abun wasa su rike ko kuma su kalli bidiyo don taimaka musu su kasance cikin nutsuwa kuma har yanzu yayin gwajin.

• Yaron ku zai cire duk wata tufa daga kugu zuwa kwanciya kwance akan teburin jarrabawa.
• Za'a sanya wayoyi a kirjin danka dan saka idanu akan bugawar zuciya.
• Ana shafa gel a kirjin yaron. Yana iya zama sanyi. Za'a matse kan transducer kai akan gel. Yaron na iya jin matsin lamba saboda transducer.
• Erananan yara na iya samun nutsuwa yayin gwajin. Iyaye su yi ƙoƙari su sa yaron ya natsu yayin gwajin.

Ana yin wannan gwajin don bincika aiki, bawul na zuciya, manyan hanyoyin jini, da ɗakunan zuciyar yaro daga wajen jiki.

• Yaronku na iya samun alamu ko alamomin matsalolin zuciya.
• Waɗannan na iya haɗa da ƙarancin numfashi, rashin ci gaba, kumburin kafa, gunaguni na zuciya, launi mai laushi a kusa da lebe lokacin da kuka, ciwon kirji, zazzabi da ba a sani ba, ko ƙwayoyin cuta da ke girma a gwajin al'adun jini.

Youranka na iya samun ƙarin haɗari ga matsalolin zuciya saboda gwajin kwayar halitta mara kyau ko wasu lahani na haihuwa waɗanda suke nan.

Mai ba da sabis ɗin na iya ba da shawarar TEE idan:

• Ba a san TTE ba. Sakamakon da ba a san shi ba na iya kasancewa saboda siffar kirjin yaro, cutar huhu, ko yawan kiba na jiki.
• Wani yanki na zuciya yana buƙatar dubawa dalla-dalla.

Sakamakon sakamako na yau da kullun yana nufin cewa babu lahani a cikin bawul ɗin zuciya ko ɗakunan kuma akwai motsin bangon zuciya na yau da kullun.

Cutar echocardiogram mara kyau a cikin yaro na iya nufin abubuwa da yawa. Wasu binciken da ba na al'ada bane ƙananan kuma basu da babbar haɗari. Wasu kuma alamu ne na tsananin cutar zuciya. A wannan yanayin, yaron zai buƙaci ƙarin gwaje-gwaje ta ƙwararren masani. Yana da matukar mahimmanci magana game da sakamakon echocardiogram tare da mai ba da yaro.

Echocardiogram na iya taimakawa gano:

• Maganin zuciya mara kyau
• Heartarfin zuciya mara kyau
• Launin haihuwa na zuciya
• Kumburi (pericarditis) ko ruwa a cikin jakar kusa da zuciya (pericardial effusion)
• Kamuwa da cuta akan ko kusa da bawul na zuciya
• Hawan jini a cikin jijiyoyin jini zuwa huhu
• Ta yaya zuciya zata iya bugawa
• Tushen daskarar da jini bayan bugun jini ko TIA

TTE a cikin yara ba shi da wata sananniyar haɗari.

TEE hanya ce mai mamayewa. Zai iya zama wasu haɗari tare da wannan gwajin. Yi magana da mai ba ka sabis game da haɗarin da ke tattare da wannan gwajin.

Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) - yara; Echocardiogram - transthoracic - yara; Doppler duban dan tayi na zuciya - yara; Surface amsa kuwa - yara

Campbell RM, Douglas PS, Eidem BW, Lai WW, Lopez L, Sachdeva R. ACC / AAP / AHA / ASE / HRS / SCAI / SCCT / SCMR / SOPE 2014 ka'idojin amfani da kyau don echocardiography na transthoracic echocardiography na farko a cikin marasa lafiyar likitan yara: rahoto na Kwalejin Kwalejin Kwalejin Zuciya ta Amfani da rita'idojin Amfani da Amfani, Cibiyar Kwalejin Ilimin Lafiyar Jama'a ta Amurka, Heartungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka, Societyungiyar Echocardiography ta Amurka, Rungiyar Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention, Society of Cardiovascular Compomo Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, da Ofungiyar Ilimin Yara da Yara. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64 (19): 2039-2060. PMID: 25277848 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25277848/.

Solomon SD, Wu JC, Gillam L, Bulwer B. Echocardiography. A cikin: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald na Ciwon Zuciya: Littafin rubutu na Magungunan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. 11th ed.Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: sura 14.

Webb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, Redington AN. Cutar cututtukan ciki a cikin baligi da haƙuri na yara. A cikin: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald na Ciwon Zuciya: Littafin rubutu na Magungunan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 75.