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Wadatacce

Mun haɗa da kayayyakin da muke tsammanin suna da amfani ga masu karatu. Idan ka siya ta hanyoyin yanar gizo a wannan shafin, zamu iya samun ƙaramin kwamiti. Ga tsarinmu.

Babban damuwa guda ɗaya game da abincin ganyayyaki shine ko suna wadatar da jikin ku da dukkanin bitamin da abubuwan da yake buƙata.

Dayawa suna da'awar cewa gabaɗaya-abinci, abincin tsirrai mai sauƙi yana saduwa da duk bukatun abinci na yau da kullun.

Wasu ma suna ƙarfafa kayan cin nama don kauce wa duk abubuwan kari.

Duk da kyakkyawar niyya, irin wannan nasihar na iya yin lahani fiye da kyau.

Anan akwai abubuwan gina jiki guda 7 waɗanda kuke buƙatar buƙata tare da yayin cin abincin mara vea vear nama.

1. Vitamin B12

Abincin da galibi ake toyawa don wadataccen bitamin B12 ya haɗa da kayan aikin da ba a wanke ba, naman kaza da aka girma a cikin ƙasa mai wadataccen B12, nori, spirulina, chlorella, da yisti mai gina jiki.


Wasu suna gaskanta cewa masu cin ganyayyaki waɗanda ke cin wadataccen abinci na tsire-tsire masu dacewa basa buƙatar damuwa da rashi bitamin B12.

Koyaya, babu tushen kimiyya akan wannan imani.

Yawancin karatu sun nuna cewa yayin da kowa zai iya samun ƙarancin bitamin B12, masu cin ganyayyaki da ganyayyaki suna da haɗarin rashi. Wannan yana da gaske gaskiya ga masu cin ganyayyaki waɗanda basa shan kowane kari (,,).

Vitamin B12 yana da mahimmanci ga tafiyar matakai na jiki da yawa, gami da narkewar ƙwayoyin sunadarai da samuwar isar da oxygen mai ɗaukar jan jini. Hakanan yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a lafiyar lafiyar jijiyoyinku ().

Vitaminarancin bitamin B12 na iya haifar da ƙarancin jini da lalacewar tsarin jijiyoyi, da rashin haihuwa da ƙashi da cututtukan zuciya (,,).

Abincin da aka ba da shawarar yau da kullum shi ne 2.4 mcg a kowace rana ga manya, 2.6 mcg kowace rana yayin ciki, da kuma 2.8 mcg kowace rana yayin shayarwa.

Hanya guda daya tak da aka tabbatar ta hanyar kimiyya don masu cin nama su isa wadannan matakan shine ta hanyar cin abinci mai karfi na B12 ko kuma shan sinadarin bitamin B12. Abincin mai ƙarfi na B12 yawanci sun haɗa da madarar tsire-tsire, kayayyakin waken soya, hatsi na karin kumallo, da yisti mai gina jiki.


Wasu kayan abincin suna da alama suna ɗauke da nau'in bitamin B12 a zahiri, amma har yanzu akwai muhawara akan ko wannan nau'in yana aiki a cikin mutane (,,,,,,).

Abin da ya fi haka, babu wata hujja ta kimiyya da ke tallafawa dangane da kayan aikin da ba a wanke ba a matsayin tushen tushen bitamin B12.

Yisti na abinci mai gina jiki kawai ya ƙunshi bitamin B12 lokacin da aka ƙarfafa shi. Koyaya, bitamin B12 yana da sauƙin haske kuma yana iya raguwa idan aka siya daga ko aka adana shi cikin huhun roba mai tsabta (14).

Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa bitamin B12 ya fi dacewa a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyi. Sabili da haka, ƙananan sau da yawa kuna shan bitamin B12, yawancin kuna buƙatar ɗauka.

Wannan shine dalilin da yasa vegans waɗanda basu iya isa ga shawarar yau da kullun ta amfani da kayan abinci masu ƙarfi yakamata su zaɓi ƙarin abubuwan yau da kullun suna samar da 25-100 mcg na cyanocobalamin ko kuma mako-mako na 2,000 mcg.

Wadanda ke da hankali game da shan kari na iya samun tabbaci don samun matakan jini na bitamin B12 kafin a ɗauki kowane.

A ƙarshe, ikon ku na sha bitamin B12 yana raguwa tare da shekaru. Saboda haka, Cibiyar Magunguna ta ba da shawarar cewa duk wanda ya wuce shekaru 51 - maras cin nama ko a'a - yayi la'akari da abinci mai ƙarfi ko ƙarin bitamin B12 ().


Takaitawa Yana da mahimmanci mahimmanci cewa duk masu cin ganyayyaki su sami isasshen bitamin B12. Hanya guda daya tak wacce za a dogaro da ita ita ce ta cin abinci mai karfi ko kuma shan sinadarin bitamin B12.

2. Vitamin D

Vitamin D shine bitamin mai narkewa wanda yake taimakawa haɓaka shawan calcium da phosphorus daga cikin ku ().

Wannan bitamin kuma yana tasiri da wasu matakai na jiki, gami da aikin rigakafi, yanayi, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da murmurewar tsoka (18,,,).

Tallafin yau da kullun (RDA) don bitamin D ga yara da manya shine 600 IU (15 mcg) kowace rana. Tsofaffi, da mata masu juna biyu ko masu shayarwa, ya kamata su nemi 800 IU (20 mcg) kowace rana (22).

Wancan ya ce, wasu shaidu suna nuna cewa bukatunku na yau da kullun sun fi RDA na yanzu ().

Abun takaici, 'yan abinci kalilan suna dauke da bitamin D a dabi'a, kuma abincin da aka killace da bitamin D galibi ana daukarsa bai isa ba don biyan bukatun yau da kullun.

Wannan na iya bayyana cikakken rahoton rahotanni game da rashi bitamin D tsakanin masu cin ganyayyaki da kowane irin abu (,).

Baya ga ƙananan kuɗin da kuke samu daga abincinku, ana iya yin bitamin D daga fitowar rana. Yawancin mutane suna iya samun isasshen bitamin D ta hanyar share mintuna 15 a rana tsaka lokacin da rana ke da ƙarfi - matuƙar ba su amfani da wani abin sha na rana kuma su fallasa mafi yawan fatar su.

Koyaya, tsofaffi, mutanen da ke da fata mai duhu, waɗanda ke zaune a arewacin latitude ko yanayin sanyi, da waɗanda ke ɗan ɗan lokaci a waje na iya kasa samar da wadataccen (,,).

Bugu da ƙari kuma, saboda sanannun illolin wucewar UV mai yawa, masana likitan fata da yawa sun yi gargaɗi game da amfani da hasken rana don haɓaka matakan bitamin D ().

Hanya mafi kyau ta masu cin ganyayyaki na iya tabbatar da cewa suna samun isasshen bitamin D shine a gwada matakan jini. Wadanda basu iya samun wadataccen abinci mai karfi da hasken rana yakamata suyi la'akari da shan bitamin D2 na yau da kullun ko kari na bitamin D3.

Kodayake bitamin D2 mai yiwuwa ya isa ga yawancin mutane, wasu nazarin suna ba da shawarar cewa bitamin D3 ya fi tasiri wajen haɓaka matakan jini na bitamin D (,).

Takaitawa Rashin bitamin D matsala ce tsakanin masu cin ganyayyaki da ma kowane irin abu.Masu cin ganyayyaki waɗanda ba sa iya kula da matakan jini na yau da kullun ta hanyar abinci mai ƙarfi da hasken rana ya kamata suyi la'akari da ɗaukar ƙarin.

3. Omega-3s mai dogon sarkar

Omega-3 fatty acid za a iya raba shi zuwa gida biyu:

  • Mahimmancin mai mai omega-3: Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) shine kawai muhimmin omega-3 fatty acid, ma'ana zaka iya samunta ne kawai daga abincinka.
  • Dogayen sarkar mai mai omega-3: Wannan rukunin ya hada da eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) da docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Ba a ɗauke su da mahimmanci ba saboda jikinku na iya yin su daga ALA.

Dogayen sarkar mai na omega-3 suna taka rawar gani a kwakwalwarka da idanun ka. Matsakaitan matakan abinci suma suna da mahimmanci ga ci gaban kwakwalwa da rage haɗarin kumburi, ɓacin rai, cutar sankarar mama, da kuma raunin rashin kulawa da hankali (ADHD) (,,,,,).

Shuke-shuken da ke dauke da babban kayan ALA sun hada da 'ya'yan flax, chia tsaba, gyada, dawa, da waken soya. EPA da DHA galibi ana samun su a cikin kayan dabbobi kamar kifi mai mai da mai kifi.

Samun isashen ALA ya kamata bisa ka'ida ya kula da matakan EPA da DHA. Koyaya, karatuttukan sun kiyasta cewa jujjuyawar ALA zuwa EPA na iya zama ƙasa da 5-10%, yayin da jujjuyawar zuwa DHA na iya kusan 2-5% (,).

Bugu da ƙari, bincike ya nuna koyaushe cewa masu cin ganyayyaki da masu cin ganyayyaki suna da kusan 50% ƙananan jini da ƙoshin jikin EPA da DHA fiye da komai ().

Yawancin kwararrun likitocin sun yarda cewa 200-300 MG kowace rana ya isa ().

Masu cin ganyayyaki na iya isa ga wannan abincin da aka ba da shawarar ta hanyar haɓaka tare da man algae.

Abin da ya fi haka, rage cin abincin ku na omega-6 na mai daga mai, gami da masara, safflower, sunflower, da mai, da kuma tabbatar da cin isasshen abinci mai wadataccen ALA, na iya kara taimakawa kara girman matakan EPA da DHA ().

Takaitawa Masu cin ganyayyaki suna da ƙananan jini da matakan nama na mai mai yawan Omega-3. Sabili da haka, suna iya amfanuwa da ƙarin EPA da DHA.

4. Aidin

Samun isasshen iodine yana da mahimmanci don aikin ƙoshin lafiya, wanda ke sarrafa tasirin ku.

Arancin iodine yayin ciki da ƙuruciya na iya haifar da nakasawar ilimi ().

A cikin manya, rashin cin abincin iodine na iya haifar da hypothyroidism.

Wannan na iya haifar da alamomi iri daban-daban, kamar ƙarancin kuzari, bushewar fata, ƙwanƙwasa a hannuwanku da ƙafafunku, mantuwa, ɓacin rai, da haɓaka nauyi ().

Ana daukar ganyayyaki a cikin haɗarin karancin iodine, kuma binciken ya bayar da rahoton cewa masu cin ganyayyaki suna da kusan kashi 50% na ƙarancin iodine na jini fiye da masu cin ganyayyaki (,).

RDA na manya shine 150 mcg na iodine kowace rana. Mata masu juna biyu ya kamata su yi niyya don mcg 220 kowace rana, yayin da waɗanda ke shayarwa ana ba da shawarar su ƙara yawan shan abincinsu na yau da kullun zuwa 290 mcg kowace rana (44).

Matakan odin a cikin abincin shuke-shuke ya dogara da sinadarin iodine na ƙasar da suka girma. Misali, abincin da aka shuka kusa da tekun yakan zama mafi girma a cikin aidin.

Iyakar abincin da ake ɗauka yana da yawan iodine mai ɗorewa shine gishirin iodi, abincin kifi, ruwan teku, da kayayyakin kiwo, waɗanda ke ɗebo iodine daga maganin da ake amfani dashi don tsaftace shanu da kayan aikin gona.

Rabin karamin cokali (2.5 ml) na gishirin iodiza ya isa biyan bukatunku na yau da kullun.

Masu cin ganyayyaki waɗanda ba sa son cinye gishirin da ke cikin iodized ko cin tsiren ruwan teku sau da yawa a kowane mako ya kamata su yi la'akari da ɗaukar ƙarin iodine.

Takaitawa Iodine yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikin ka na thyroid da metabolism. Masu cin ganyayyaki da basu samun isashidin iodine daga tsiren ruwan teku ko gishirin iodized yakamata suyi la'akari da shan wani karin sinadarin aidin.

5. Iron

Iron shine sinadarin da ake amfani dashi don samar da sabon DNA da kuma jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, tare da ɗaukar oxygen a cikin jini. Hakanan ana buƙata don haɓaka makamashi ().

Ironaramin ƙarfe na iya haifar da ƙarancin jini da alamomi kamar gajiya da rage aikin garkuwar jiki.

RDA shine 8 MG don manya maza da mata bayan sun gama menopausal. Yana ƙaruwa zuwa 18 MG kowace rana don mata masu girma, kuma mata masu ciki yakamata suyi burin 27 MG kowace rana (46).

Ana iya samun ƙarfe ta sifofi biyu: heme da mara-heme. Ana samun ƙarfen Heme ne kawai daga kayan dabba, yayin da ake samun baƙin ƙarfe mara ƙishi a tsire-tsire ().

Saboda baƙin ƙarfe ya fi saurin karɓuwa daga abincinku fiye da baƙin ƙarfe mara nauyi, ana ba da shawarar cin ganyayyaki sau ɗaya don nufin 1.8 sau RDA na yau da kullun. Wannan ya ce, ana buƙatar ƙarin nazarin don tabbatar ko ana buƙatar irin waɗannan abubuwan shiga ().

Ya kamata masu cin ganyayyaki da ke da ƙarancin ƙarfe su sami damar cin karin abinci mai wadataccen ƙarfe, kamar su kayan marmari mai ƙaya, wake, wake, ɗanyun busasshen ,a ,a, kwayoyi, da seedsa seedsa. Abincin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, kamar hatsi, burodi masu wadata, da wasu madarar tsire-tsire, na iya ƙara taimakawa (,).

Hakanan, amfani da tukwanen baƙin ƙarfe da kwanon rufi don dafa abinci, guje wa shayi ko kofi tare da abinci, da haɗa abinci mai ƙarfe tare da tushen bitamin C na iya taimaka haɓaka ƙarfewar ƙarfe.

Hanya mafi kyawu don tantance ko kari na da mahimmanci shine don samun lafiyar haemoglobin da ferritin wanda likita ya duba.

Intakearancin amfani da kari kamar ƙarfe na iya yin lahani fiye da kyau ta lalata ƙwayoyin cuta ko hana shayar sauran ma'adanai ().

Matsayi mai girma na iya haifar da tashin hankali, haifar da gazawar gabobi ko suma, kuma ya zama m a wasu yanayi. Don haka, yana da kyau kada a kara sai dai in da gaske ne ().

Takaitawa Masu cin ganyayyaki waɗanda basa samun isasshen baƙin ƙarfe daga abincin su yakamata suyi la’akari da ingantaccen abinci ko kari. Koyaya, yawan matakan girma na iya zama lahani, kuma ba a ba da shawarar ƙarin ƙarfe ga kowa da kowa.

6. Calcium

Calcium wani ma'adinai ne wanda ya zama dole don ƙoshin lafiya da haƙori. Hakanan yana taka rawa cikin aikin tsoka, siginar jijiyoyi, da lafiyar zuciya.

An saita RDA don alli a 1,000 MG kowace rana don yawancin manya kuma yana ƙaruwa zuwa 1,200 MG kowace rana ga manya sama da shekaru 50 (51).

Tushen shuka na alli sun hada da bok choy, kale, mustard greens, turnip greens, watercress, broccoli, chickpeas, tofu-set-tofu, da madara mai tsiro ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace.

Koyaya, karatu yana yarda da cewa yawancin vegans basa samun isasshen alli (,).

Wani karin bayani da ake ji tsakanin al'umman cin ganyayyaki shine cewa vegans suna da ƙarancin buƙatun alli fiye da komai saboda basa amfani da wannan ma'adinin don kawar da sinadarin acid mai abinci.

Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don kimanta yadda abincin da ba shi da nama ke shafar buƙatun alli na yau da kullun. Koyaya, shaidu suna nuna cewa vegans da ke cin ƙasa da 525 mg na alli suna da ƙarin haɗarin ɓarkewar kasusuwa ().

A saboda wannan dalili, ana ƙarfafa dukkan 'yan vegene don nufin RDA, suna tabbatar da cewa sun sha aƙalla 525 mg na alli kowace rana. Ya kamata a yi amfani da kari idan ba za a iya cimma wannan ta hanyar abinci ko kayan abinci masu ƙarfi kaɗai ba.

Takaitawa Masu cin ganyayyaki masu ƙarancin alli mai ƙarancin abinci ya kamata suyi la'akari da ɗaukar ƙarin yau da kullun. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga waɗanda ke samun ƙasa da 525 MG kowace rana.

7. Zinc

Zinc wani ma'adinai ne wanda ke da mahimmanci ga metabolism, aikin rigakafi, da kuma gyara ƙwayoyin jiki.

Rashin shan sinadarin zinc na iya haifar da matsalolin ci gaba, zubewar gashi, gudawa, da jinkirta warkar da rauni.

RDA na zinc a halin yanzu an saita shi a 8-11 MG kowace rana don manya. Yana ƙaruwa zuwa 11-12 MG don mata masu ciki da 12-13 MG don mata masu shayarwa (54).

'Yan abincin tsire-tsire sun ƙunshi zinc mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, shan zinc daga wasu abincin shuke-shuke iyakance ne saboda abubuwan da ke cikin jikinsu. Don haka, ana ƙarfafa masu cin ganyayyaki don nufin 1.5 sau RDA (54).

Duk da yake ba duk masu cin ganyayyaki ke da matakan jini na zinc ba, a cikin binciken da aka yi kwanan nan na nazarin 26 ya nuna cewa masu cin ganyayyaki - kuma musamman masu cin ganyayyaki - suna da ƙarancin zinc kuma ƙananan matakan jini na tutiya sun fi na kowane mai rai ().

Don kara yawan abincin ku, ku ci abinci iri-iri masu wadataccen zinc cikin yini. Wadannan sun hada da cikakkun hatsi, kwayar alkama, tofu, burodi da aka toya, hatsi, kwayoyi, da kuma iri.

Shayar da kwaya, tsaba, da legumes na dare daya, cin isasshen furotin, da cin abinci mai ƙanshi, kamar su tempeh da miso, suma suna kara inganta sha ().

Masu cin ganyayyaki masu damuwa game da cin zinc dinsu ko waɗanda ke da alamun rashin ƙarfi na iya yin la'akari da shan zinc gluconate na yau da kullun ko ƙarin zit na kari wanda ke ba da 50-100% na RDA.

Takaitawa Masu cin ganyayyaki da ba su iya isa zinc RDA ya kamata su fara mai da hankali kan ƙara wadataccen abinci mai zinc ga abincinsu. Waɗanda ke da ƙananan matakan zinc ya kamata suyi la'akari da shan ƙarin yau da kullun.

Layin kasa

Shirye-shiryen cin ganyayyaki mai kyau na iya cika bukatun ku na abinci mai gina jiki.

Wancan ya ce, wasu buƙatun abinci na gina jiki na iya zama da wahala a cimma ta hanyar abinci da abinci mai kaɗaitacce shi kaɗai.

Wannan gaskiya ne ga bitamin B12, bitamin D, da dogon-Omega-3s.

Duk masu cin ganyayyaki waɗanda ba za su iya saduwa da shawarwarin abincin su ba ta hanyar cin abinci kawai ya kamata suyi la'akari da ɗaukar ƙarin. Har yanzu, ya fi dacewa ka yi magana da mai ba ka kiwon lafiya kafin fara sabon tsarin tallafi.

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