Achromatopsia (makantar launi): menene shi, yadda za a gane shi da abin da za a yi

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Me zai iya kawo cutar achromatopsia
• Yadda ake ganewar asali
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Rashin ganin launi, wanda aka sani a kimiyance kamar yadda ake kira achromatopsia, canji ne na kwayar ido wanda zai iya faruwa ga maza da mata kuma hakan yana haifar da alamomi kamar rage gani da gani, wuce gona da iri ga haske da wahalar ganin launuka.

Ba kamar makantar launi ba, wanda mutum ba zai iya rarrabe wasu launuka ba, achromatopsia na iya hana gaba ɗaya kallon wasu launuka ban da baƙar fata, fari da kuma wasu launuka na launin toka, saboda rashin aiki a cikin ƙwayoyin da ke aiwatar da haske da hangen nesa na launi, ake kira cones.

Gabaɗaya, makantar launi ya bayyana tun lokacin haihuwa, tunda babban dalilinsa shine canzawar ƙwayoyin halitta, duk da haka, a wasu mawuyacin yanayi, ana iya samun achromatopsia a lokacin balaga saboda lalacewar kwakwalwa, kamar ƙari, misali.

Kodayake achromatopsia ba shi da magani, likitan ido na iya ba da shawarar magani tare da amfani da tabarau na musamman da ke taimakawa inganta gani da kuma rage alamun.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

A mafi yawan lokuta, bayyanar cututtuka na iya fara bayyana a makonnin farko na rayuwa, suna bayyana sosai tare da ci gaban yaron. Wasu daga cikin wadannan alamun sun hada da:

• Matsalar buɗe idanunka a rana ko a wurare tare da yawan haske;
• Girgizar ido da kaɗa;
• Matsalar gani;
• Matsalar koyo ko rarrabe launuka;
• Baki da fari hangen nesa.

A cikin yanayi mafi tsanani, saurin motsi ido shima zai iya faruwa daga gefe zuwa gefe.

A wasu lokuta, gano cutar na iya zama da wahala kasancewar mutum bai san halin da suke ciki ba kuma bazai nemi taimakon likita ba. A cikin yara yana iya zama da sauƙi a fahimci achromatopsia lokacin da suke da wahalar koyon launuka a makaranta.

Me zai iya kawo cutar achromatopsia

Babban abin da ke haifar da makantar launi shine canjin kwayar halitta wanda ke hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin, na ido, wanda ke ba da izinin kiyaye launuka, waɗanda aka sani da cones. Lokacin da Cones suka kamu gaba daya, achromatopsia ya cika kuma, a cikin waɗannan yanayin, ana gani kawai a cikin baƙar fata da fari, duk da haka, lokacin da canji a cikin cones ba shi da ƙarfi sosai, ana iya shafar hangen nesa amma har yanzu yana ba da damar rarrabe wasu launuka, ana kiran shi m achromatopsia.

Saboda canjin halittar ne ke haifar da ita, cutar na iya yaduwa daga iyaye zuwa yara, amma fa idan har akwai yanayin cutar achromatopsia a gidan mahaifi ko mahaifiya, koda kuwa ba su da cutar.

Baya ga sauye-sauyen kwayoyin, akwai kuma yanayin makantar launi wanda ya tashi yayin girma saboda lalacewar kwakwalwa, kamar ciwace-ciwace ko shan wani magani da ake kira hydroxychloroquine, wanda yawanci ake amfani da shi a cututtukan rheumatic.

Yadda ake ganewar asali

Yawanci ana yin binciken ne ta hanyar likitan ido ko likitan yara, kawai ta hanyar lura da alamun cutar da gwajin launi. Koyaya, yana iya zama dole ayi gwajin hangen nesa, wanda ake kira electroretinography, wanda zai baka damar tantance aikin lantarki na kwayar ido, iya bayyana ko mazunan suna aiki da kyau.

Yadda ake yin maganin

A halin yanzu, wannan cutar ba ta da magani, don haka makasudin ya dogara ne da sauƙaƙe alamomin, wanda za a iya yi tare da amfani da tabarau na musamman tare da tabarau masu duhu waɗanda ke taimakawa inganta hangen nesa yayin rage haske, inganta ƙwarewa.

Bugu da kari, ana ba da shawarar sanya hular kan titi don rage haske a kan idanu da kauce wa ayyukan da ke bukatar yawan gani, saboda za su iya gajiya da sauri kuma su haifar da jin takaici.

Don ba wa yaro damar samun ci gaban ilimi na yau da kullun, yana da kyau a sanar da malamai game da matsalar, don koyaushe su zauna a sahun gaba su ba da abu tare da manyan haruffa da lambobi, misali.