Myeloid Ciwon Cutar sankara (AML)

Wadatacce

• Menene alamun AML?
• Me ke haifar da AML?
• Menene ya haifar da haɗarinku na AML?
• Yaya aka rarraba AML?
• Yaya ake bincikar AML?
• Menene zaɓuɓɓukan magani don AML?
• Gyara shigar da hankali
• Ingantaccen farfadowa
• Menene ake tsammani a cikin dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke da AML?
• Yaya zaku iya hana AML?

Menene babban cutar sankarar bargo (AML)?

Myeloid leukemia mai tsanani (AML) ciwon daji ne wanda ke faruwa a cikin jininka da kashin ƙashi.

AML musamman tana shafar fararen ƙwayoyin jini (WBCs) na jikinku, yana haifar musu da rashin tsari. A cikin cututtukan daji masu yawa, yawan ƙwayoyin cuta marasa girma suna girma cikin sauri.

Hakanan an san yanayin da sunaye masu zuwa:

• m myelocytic cutar sankarar bargo
• myelogenous cutar sankarar bargo
• m granulocytic cutar sankarar bargo
• m cutar sankarar bargo mara cutar lymphocytic

Akwai kimanin sabbin sharuɗɗa 19,520 na AML kowace shekara a Amurka, a cewar Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa (NCI).

Menene alamun AML?

A matakan farko, alamun AML na iya zama kamar mura kuma ƙila zazzabi da kasala.

Sauran cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• ciwon kashi
• yawan zubar hanci
• zubar jini da kumburin gumis
• sauki rauni
• yawan zufa (musamman da dare)
• karancin numfashi
• asarar nauyi da ba a bayyana ba
• nauyi fiye da yadda al'ada take a cikin mata

Me ke haifar da AML?

AML yana faruwa ne sanadiyyar rashin daidaituwa a cikin DNA wanda ke sarrafa ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kashin jikinku.

Idan kana da AML, kashin jikinka yana haifar da WBC marasa adadi wadanda basu balaga ba. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittu masu banƙyama daga ƙarshe sun zama WBC cutar sankarar bargo da ake kira myeloblasts.

Waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna haɓaka kuma maye gurbin ƙwayoyin lafiya. Wannan yana haifar da kashin kashin ka ya daina aiki yadda ya kamata, yana mai sa jikin ka ya zama mai saurin kamuwa da cututtuka.

Ba a bayyana ainihin abin da ke haifar da maye gurbin DNA ba. Wasu likitoci sun yi imanin cewa yana iya kasancewa da alaƙa da haɗuwa da wasu sinadarai, radiation, har ma da magungunan da ake amfani da su don cutar sankara.

Menene ya haifar da haɗarinku na AML?

Hadarinku na bunkasa AML yana ƙaruwa tare da shekaru. Matsakaicin shekaru na mutumin da aka gano da AML ya kusan 68, kuma ba safai ake ganin yanayin ba ga yara.

AML kuma ya fi zama ruwan dare a cikin maza fiye da mata, kodayake yana shafar samari da 'yan mata a daidai matsayin.

Ana tunanin shan taba sigari na ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da AML. Idan kuna aiki a masana'antar da wataƙila kun sami haɗarin sunadarai irin su benzene, ku ma kuna cikin haɗarin gaske.

Har ila yau, haɗarinku yana ci gaba idan kuna da rikicewar jini kamar su syndromes na myelodysplastic (MDS) ko kuma matsalar kwayar halitta irin su Down syndrome.

Waɗannan abubuwan haɗarin ba sa nufin cewa lallai ne ka haɓaka AML. A lokaci guda, yana yiwuwa a gare ku ku ci gaba AML ba tare da ɗayan waɗannan halayen haɗarin ba.

Yaya aka rarraba AML?

Tsarin tsarin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ya hada da wadannan kungiyoyin AML daban-daban:

• AML tare da mawuyacin yanayin kwayoyin, kamar canjin chromosomal
• AML tare da canje-canje masu alaƙa da myelodysplasia
• myeloid neoplasms da ke da alaƙa da magani, wanda ƙila zai iya haifar da radiation ko chemotherapy
• AML, ba in ba haka ba
• sarcoma myeloid
• yaduwar ƙwayar myeloid na rashin ciwo na Down
• m cutar sankarau na ambiguous jinsi

Tyananan nau'ikan AML suma suna cikin waɗannan rukunin. Sunayen waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan na iya nuna canjin chromosomal ko maye gurbi wanda ya haifar da AML.

Suchaya daga cikin irin waɗannan misalan shine AML tare da t (8; 21), inda canji ya faru tsakanin chromosomes 8 da 21.

Ba kamar yawancin sauran cututtukan daji ba, AML ba ta kasu kashi-kashi cikin matakan ciwon daji na gargajiya ba.

Yaya ake bincikar AML?

Likitanka zai yi gwajin jiki kuma ya duba kumburin hanta, lymph nodes, da baƙin ciki. Hakanan likitanku na iya yin odar gwajin jini don bincika rashin ƙarancin jini da kuma ƙayyade matakan WBC ɗinku.

Duk da yake gwajin jini na iya taimaka wa likitanka don sanin ko akwai matsala, ana buƙatar gwajin ƙashi ko biopsy don bincika AML sosai.

Ana ɗaukar samfurin kashin kashi ta hanyar saka dogon allura a cikin kashin kucin ku. Wani lokaci ƙashin ƙashi shine shafin biopsy. Ana aika samfurin zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don gwaji.

Hakanan likitan ku na iya yin famfo na kashin baya, ko huda lumbar, wanda ya haɗa da janye ruwa daga kashin bayanku da ƙaramin allura. Ana bincikar ruwan don kasancewar kwayoyin cutar sankarar jini.

Menene zaɓuɓɓukan magani don AML?

Jiyya don AML ya ƙunshi fasali biyu:

Gyara shigar da hankali

Magungunan shigar da hankali don yin amfani da jiyya don kashe ƙwayoyin cutar sankarar jini da ke cikin jikinku.

Yawancin mutane suna zama a asibiti yayin jiyya saboda magani kuma yana kashe ƙwayoyin rai, yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cuta da kuma zubar jini mara kyau.

A cikin wani nau'in nau'ikan AML da ake kira mai saurin yaduwar cutar sankarar bargo (APL), ana iya amfani da kwayoyi masu hana yaduwar cutar kamar arsenic trioxide ko all-trans retinoic acid don magance wasu canje-canje na musamman a cikin ƙwayoyin cutar sankarar jini. Wadannan kwayoyi suna kashe kwayoyin cutar sankarar bargo kuma suna dakatar da kwayoyin rashin lafiya daga rabuwa.

Ingantaccen farfadowa

Therapyarfafa ƙarfi, wanda kuma aka sani da farfadowa bayan gafara, yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye AML cikin gafara da hana sake dawowa. Manufar karfafawa shine a lalata sauran kwayoyin cutar sankarar jini.

Kuna iya buƙatar dasa ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar don ingantawa. Sau da yawa ana amfani da ƙwayoyin kara don taimakawa jikin ku don samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin ƙashi.

Kwayoyin kara na iya zuwa daga mai bayarwa. Idan a baya kuna fama da cutar sankarar bargo wanda ya tafi gafara, likitanku na iya cirewa kuma ya adana wasu ƙwayoyin jikinku don dasawa ta gaba, wanda aka sani da sashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwayar cuta.

Samun ƙwayoyin halitta daga mai bayarwa yana da haɗari fiye da samun dasawa wanda ya kasance da ƙwayoyin jikin ku. Dasawa daga kwayoyin halittar ka, duk da haka, ya kunshi kasada mafi girma na sake dawowa saboda wasu tsofaffin kwayoyin cutar sankarar bargo na iya kasancewa a samfurin da aka samo daga jikinka.

Menene ake tsammani a cikin dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke da AML?

Idan ya zo ga yawancin nau'ikan AML, kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na mutane na iya cimma gafara, a cewar Canungiyar Ciwon Sankara ta Amurka (ACS).

Yawan gafarar ya tashi zuwa kusan 90 bisa dari na mutanen da ke da APL. Gafara zai dogara ne da abubuwa daban-daban, kamar shekarun mutum.

Adadin rayuwa na shekaru biyar ga Amurkawa tare da AML shine kashi 27.4. Adadin rayuwa na shekaru biyar na yara tare da AML yana tsakanin 60 da 70 bisa dari.

Tare da gano farkon lokaci da magani mai sauri, gafartawa na iya zama mafi yawancin mutane. Da zarar dukkan alamu da alamun AML sun ɓace, ana ɗauka cewa kana cikin gafara. Idan kana cikin gafartawa sama da shekaru biyar, ana ɗauka cewa ka warke daga AML.

Idan ka gano cewa kana da alamun cutar AML, shirya alƙawari tare da likitanka don tattauna su. Hakanan ya kamata kai tsaye neman likita idan kana da alamun kamuwa da cuta ko zazzabi mai ci gaba.

Yaya zaku iya hana AML?

Idan kayi aiki kusa da sanadarai masu haɗari ko haskakawa, tabbatar da sanya kowane kayan kariya na kariya don iyakantar fallasa ka.

Koyaushe ganin likita idan kana da wasu alamun alamun da kake damuwa.