Fanconi anemia: menene menene, manyan alamun cututtuka da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Yadda ake ganewar asali
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Fanconi anemia cuta ce ta kwayar halitta da ta gado, wacce ba kasafai ake samunta ba, kuma ana gabatar da ita ga yara, tare da bayyanar nakasar da ta shafi haihuwa, wanda aka lura da ita lokacin haihuwa, rashin ci gaban kasusuwan kashi da yiwuwar cutar kansa, canjin da galibi ake lura da shi a shekarun farko na yaron rayuwa.

Kodayake yana iya gabatar da alamomi da alamomi da dama, kamar canje-canje a kasusuwa, tabo na fata, nakasar koda, gajarta da kuma mafi girman damar ciwowar ciwace-ciwace da cutar sankarar jini, ana kiran wannan cutar anaemia, saboda babban abin da yake bayyana shi ne raguwar samar da kwayoyin jini. ta cikin jijiyar ƙashi.

Don magance karancin jini na Fanconi, ya zama dole a bibiyi likitan jini, wanda ke ba da shawara game da karin jini ko dashen qashi. Nunawa da kiyayewa don hana ko gano kansar da wuri shima yana da mahimmanci.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Wasu daga cikin alamu da alamun cutar Fanconi anemia sun haɗa da:

• Anemia, ƙananan platelet da ƙananan ƙwayoyin jini, waɗanda ke ƙara haɗarin rauni, jiri, pallor, purplish spots, zub da jini da maimaita cututtuka;
• Lalacewar kashi, kamar rashin babban yatsa, ƙaramin yatsa ko rage hannu, microcephaly, fuska mai kyau tare da ƙaramin baki, ƙananan idanu da ƙananan ƙugu;
• Gajere, tun da an haifi yara da ƙananan nauyi da girma a ƙasa da yadda ake tsammani don shekarunsu;
• Matsayi a kan fata kofi-tare da-madara launi;
• Riskarin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa, kamar cutar sankarar bargo, myelodysplasias, ciwon daji na fata, kansar kai da wuya da na al'aura da yankuna masu yoyon fitsari;
• Canje-canje a hangen nesa da ji.

Wadannan canje-canjen suna faruwa ne sanadiyyar nakasar kwayoyin halitta, da aka samu daga iyaye zuwa ga yara, wadanda suke shafar wadannan sassan jikin. Wasu alamu da alamomin na iya zama mafi tsanani a cikin wasu mutane fiye da wasu, kamar yadda karfi da ainihin wurin da canjin halittar zai iya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum.

Yadda ake ganewar asali

Ana zargin gano cutar rashin jini ta Fanconi ta hanyar lura da asibiti da alamu da alamomin cutar. Yin gwaje-gwajen jini kamar ƙidayar jini gabaɗaya, ban da gwajin hoto kamar MRI, duban dan tayi da kuma x-ray na ƙasusuwa na iya zama da amfani don gano matsaloli da nakasar da ke tattare da cutar.

An tabbatar da asalin cutar ne ta hanyar gwajin kwayar halitta da ake kira Chromosomal Fragility Test, wanda ke da alhakin gano karaya ko maye gurbi na DNA a cikin kwayoyin jini.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Yin jinyar cutar karancin jini na Fanconi ana yin sa ne tare da jagorancin likitan jini, wanda ke ba da shawarar karin jini da kuma amfani da sinadarin corticosteroid don inganta ayyukan jini.

Koyaya, lokacin da ɓarna ta baci, zai yiwu kawai a warkar da shi ta hanyar sanya ɓargon ƙashi. Idan mutum ba shi da mai bayarwa mai dacewa don yin wannan dasawa, za a iya amfani da magani tare da homonin inrogene don rage yawan ƙarin jini har sai an sami mai bayarwar.

Mutumin da ke da wannan ciwo da iyalinsa dole ne su ma suna da bibiya da shawara daga masanin ƙirar, wanda zai ba da shawara game da gwaje-gwajen da bin sawun wasu mutane da ke iya ɗauka ko yada wannan cutar ga yaransu.

Bugu da kari, saboda rashin daidaiton kwayoyin halitta da kuma karin barazanar kamuwa da cutar kansa, yana da matukar muhimmanci mutum mai wannan cutar ya rinka yin gwaji akai-akai, kuma ya kiyaye wasu abubuwa kamar:

• Kada a sha taba;
• Guji yawan shan giya;
• Yi alurar riga kafi akan HPV;
• Ka guji fallasa kanka ga radiation irin su x-rays;
• Guji ɗaukar hotuna da yawa ko kuma ba tare da kariya daga rana ba;

Hakanan yana da mahimmanci je zuwa shawarwari da bin wasu kwararru waɗanda zasu iya gano canje-canje masu yuwuwa, kamar likitan hakora, ENT, urologist, likitan mata ko likitan kwantar da hankali.