BRCA Gwajin Halitta

Wadatacce

• Menene gwajin kwayar cutar BRCA?
• Me ake amfani da shi?
• Me yasa nake buƙatar gwajin kwayar cutar BRCA?
• Menene ya faru yayin gwajin BRCA?
• Shin zan bukaci yin komai don shirya wa gwajin?
• Shin akwai haɗari ga gwajin?
• Menene sakamakon yake nufi?
• Shin akwai wani abin da ya kamata in sani game da gwajin kwayar cutar BRCA?
• Bayani

Menene gwajin kwayar cutar BRCA?

Gwajin kwayoyin BRCA yana neman canje-canje, wanda aka sani da maye gurbi, a cikin kwayoyin halittar da ake kira BRCA1 da BRCA2. Kwayar halitta sassan DNA ne da aka ratsa daga uwa da uba. Suna ɗauke da bayanan da ke ƙayyade halaye na musamman, kamar su tsayi da launin ido. Hakanan kwayoyin halitta suna da alhakin wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya. BRCA1 da BRCA2 kwayoyin halitta ne wadanda ke kare kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar yin sunadarai wadanda zasu taimaka hana ciwace-ciwace daga samuwar su.

Canjin yanayi a cikin kwayar BRCA1 ko BRCA2 na iya haifar da lalata kwayar halitta wanda ke haifar da cutar kansa. Matan da ke dauke da kwayar cutar BRCA suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sankarar mama ko ta mahaifa. Mazaje da kwayar halittar BRCA da ke rikidewa suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon nono ko kuma cutar sankara. Ba duk wanda ya gaji maye gurbi na BRCA1 ko BRCA2 zai kamu da cutar kansa ba. Sauran dalilai, gami da salon rayuwar ku da muhallin ku, na iya shafar haɗarin cutar kansa.

Idan ka gano kana da maye gurbi na BRCA, ƙila ka iya ɗaukar matakai don kare lafiyar ka.

Sauran sunaye: Gwajin kwayar cutar BRCA, kwayar cutar BRCA 1, BRCA kwayar 2, cutar sankarar mama ta haifar da cutar kansa1, mai saurin kamuwa da ciwon nono

Me ake amfani da shi?

Ana amfani da wannan gwajin don gano ko kuna da maye gurbin kwayar halittar BRCA1 ko BRCA2. Canjin maye gurbin BRCA na iya kara yawan hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansa.

Me yasa nake buƙatar gwajin kwayar cutar BRCA?

Ba a ba da shawarar gwajin BRCA ga mafi yawan mutane ba. Sauyin yanayin kwayar halittar BRCA ba safai ba, wanda ke shafar kusan kashi 0.2 na yawan jama'ar Amurka. Amma kuna iya son wannan gwajin idan kuna tsammanin kuna cikin haɗarin samun maye gurbi. Da alama kuna iya samun maye gurbin BRCA idan kun:

• Shin ko ciwon nono wanda aka gano kafin ya cika shekaru 50
• Shin ko ciwon daji na nono a cikin nonon biyu
• Shin ko kuna da ciwon nono da na mahaifa
• Samun ɗaya ko fiye da familyan uwa da ciwon nono
• A sami dangi namiji mai cutar sankarar mama
• Yi dan uwan ​​da aka riga aka bincikar dashi tare da maye gurbin BRCA
• Na Ashkenazi ne (Yammacin Turai) asalin kakannin yahudawa. Rikicin BRCA ya fi yawa a cikin wannan rukunin idan aka kwatanta da yawan jama'a. Hakanan maye gurbi na BRCA ya fi zama ruwan dare ga mutane daga wasu sassan Turai, gami da, Iceland, Norway, da Denmark.

Menene ya faru yayin gwajin BRCA?

Kwararren masanin kiwon lafiya zai dauki samfurin jini daga jijiyar hannunka, ta amfani da karamin allura. Bayan an saka allurar, za a tara karamin jini a cikin bututun gwaji ko kwalba. Kuna iya jin ɗan kaɗan lokacin da allurar ta shiga ko fita. Wannan yawanci yakan dauki kasa da minti biyar.

Shin zan bukaci yin komai don shirya wa gwajin?

Ba kwa buƙatar kowane shiri na musamman don gwajin BRCA. Amma kuna so ku sadu da mai ba da shawara kan kwayoyin halitta da farko don ganin ko gwajin ya dace da ku. Mai ba ku shawara zai iya magana da ku game da haɗari da fa'idar gwajin ƙwayoyin halitta da kuma abin da sakamako daban-daban na iya nufi.

Hakanan yakamata kuyi tunani game da samun shawarwar kwayoyin bayan gwajin ku. Mashawarcin ku zai iya tattauna yadda sakamakon ku zai iya shafar ku da dangin ku, a likitance da kuma a zuciyar ku.

Shin akwai haɗari ga gwajin?

Akwai haɗari kaɗan don yin gwajin jini. Kuna iya samun ɗan ciwo ko rauni a wurin da aka sanya allurar, amma yawancin alamun suna tafi da sauri.

Menene sakamakon yake nufi?

Yawancin sakamako ana bayyana su azaman marasa kyau, marasa tabbas, ko tabbatacce, kuma yawanci ana nufin masu zuwa:

• Sakamakon mara kyau yana nufin ba a sami maye gurbin kwayar cutar ta BRCA ba, amma ba yana nufin ba za ku taɓa samun cutar kansa ba.
• Sakamakon da bashi da tabbas yana nufin an sami wani nau'in maye gurbi na BRCA, amma yana iya ko bazai alaƙa da haɗarin cutar kansa ba. Kuna iya buƙatar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje da / ko saka idanu idan sakamakonku bai tabbata ba.
• Kyakkyawan sakamako yana nufin maye gurbi a cikin BRCA1 ko BRCA2 an samo shi. Wadannan maye gurbi sun sanya ka cikin hatsarin kamuwa da cutar kansa. Amma ba duk wanda ke da maye gurbi ne ke kamuwa da cutar kansa ba.

Yana iya ɗaukar makonni da yawa don samun sakamakon ku. Idan kuna da tambayoyi game da sakamakonku, yi magana da mai ba ku kiwon lafiya da / ko mai ba da shawara kan kwayoyin halitta.

Learnara koyo game da gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje, jeri na tunani, da fahimtar sakamako.

Shin akwai wani abin da ya kamata in sani game da gwajin kwayar cutar BRCA?

Idan sakamakonka ya nuna kana da maye gurbi na BRCA, zaka iya ɗaukar matakan da zasu rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Mafi yawan gwajin gwajin cutar kansa, kamar mammogram da ultrasounds. Ciwon daji ya fi sauƙin magance lokacin da aka samo shi a farkon matakan.
• Shan kwayoyin hana daukar ciki na dan lokaci. Shan kwayoyin hana daukar ciki na tsawon shekaru biyar ya nuna rage barazanar kamuwa da cutar sankarar jakar kwai a cikin wasu mata masu rikida da kwayar cutar BRCA. Ba a ba da shawarar shan kwayoyin fiye da shekaru biyar don rage cutar daji. Idan kana shan kwayoyin hana daukar ciki kafin ka fara gwajin BRCA, ka gayawa maikatan lafiyar ka shekarun ka da ka fara shan kwayoyin da tsawon lokacin da ka yi. Shi ko ita za su ba da shawarar ko ya kamata ku ci gaba da ɗaukar su ko a'a.
• Shan magunguna masu yakar cutar kansa. An nuna wasu magunguna, kamar wanda ake kira tamoxifen, don rage haɗarin ga mata masu haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sankarar mama.
• Yin tiyata, wanda aka fi sani da mastectomy na rigakafi, don cire lafiyayyen nonuwan mama. An nuna mastectomy mai kariya don rage haɗarin cutar sankarar mama kamar da kashi 90 cikin ɗari a cikin mata masu canzawar kwayar cutar ta BRCA. Amma wannan babban aiki ne, kawai ana ba da shawara ne ga mata masu haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa.

Ya kamata ku yi magana da mai ba ku kiwon lafiya don ganin waɗanne matakai suka fi muku kyau.

Bayani

1. Americanungiyar (asar Amirka ta Clinical Oncology [Intanet]. Americanungiyar (asar Amirka ta Clinical Oncology; 2005-2018. Nono na gado da kuma Cutar Canji; [wanda aka ambata 2018 Mar 19]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/hereditary-breast-and-ovarian-cancer
2. Hinkle J, Cheever K. Brunner & Suddarth's Littafin Jagora na Laboratory da Gwajin Bincike. 2nd Ed, Kindle. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Kiwon Lafiya, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2014. Gwajin BRCA; 108 p.
3. Gwaje-gwajen Lab a kan layi [Intanet]. Washington DC: Associationungiyar (asar Amirka don Nazarin Kimiyyar Clinical; c2001–2018. Gwajin maye gurbi na BRCA Gene [sabunta 2018 Jan 15; da aka ambata 2018 Feb 23]; [game da allo 2]. Akwai daga: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/brca-gene-mutation-testing
4. Mayo Clinic [Intanet]. Gidauniyar Mayo don Ilimin Likita da Bincike; c1998–2018. Gwajin kwayar cutar BRCA don cutar sankarar mama da ta mahaifa; 2017 Dec 30 [wanda aka ambata 2018 Feb 23]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/brca-gene-test/about/pac-20384815
5. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cibiyar Cancer [Intanet]. New York: Cibiyar Tunawa da Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; c2018. BRCA1 da BRCA2 Genes: Hadarin don Ciwon Nono da Cutar Canji [wanda aka ambata 2018 Feb 23]; [game da fuska 5]. Akwai daga: https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/risk-assessment-screening/hereditary-genetics/genetic-counseling/brca1-brca2-genes-risk-breast-ovarian
6. Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa [Intanet]. Bethesda (MD): Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam; BRCA maye gurbi: Hadarin ciwon daji da gwajin kwayar halitta [wanda aka ambata 2018 Feb 23]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet#q1
7. Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa [Intanet]. Bethesda (MD): Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam; NCI Dictionary of Terms of Cancer Terms: maye gurbi [wanda aka ambata 2018 Feb 23]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/search?contains=false&q;=mutation
8. Zuciyar Kasa, Huhu, da Cibiyar Jini [Intanet]. Bethesda (MD): Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam; Gwajin jini [wanda aka ambata 2018 Feb 23]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
9. NIH US National Library of Medicine: Nasihu na Gidajen Gida [Intanet]. Bethesda (MD): Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam; Kwayar BRCA1; 2018 Mar 13 [wanda aka ambata 2018 Mar 18]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/BRCA1#condition
10. NIH US National Library of Medicine: Nasihu na Gidajen Gida [Intanet]. Bethesda (MD): Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam; Kwayar BRCA2; 2018 Mar 13 [wanda aka ambata 2018 Mar 18]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/BRCA2#condition
11. NIH US National Library of Medicine: Nasihu na Gidajen Gida [Intanet]. Bethesda (MD): Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam; Menene kwayar halitta ?; 2018 Feb 20 [wanda aka ambata 2018 Feb 23]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene
12. Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center [Intanet]. Rochester (NY): Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center; c2018. Encyclopedia na Lafiya: BRCA [wanda aka ambata 2018 Feb 23]; [game da allo 2]. Akwai daga: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid;=brca
13. Kiwon Lafiya UW [Intanet]. Madison (WI): Jami'ar Wisconsin Asibitoci da Hukumomin Kula da Lafiya; c2018. Ciwon Nono (BRCA) Gwajin Gene: Yadda Ake Shirya [an sabunta 2017 Jun 8; da aka ambata 2018 Feb 23]; [game da fuska 5]. Akwai daga: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/breast-cancer-brca-gene-test/tu6462.html#tu6465
14. Kiwon Lafiya UW [Intanet]. Madison (WI): Jami'ar Wisconsin Asibitoci da Hukumomin Kula da Lafiya; c2018. Ciwon Nono (BRCA) Gwajin Gene: Sakamakon [sabuntawa 2017 Jun 8; da aka ambata 2018 Feb 23]; [game da allo 9]. Akwai daga: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/breast-cancer-brca-gene-test/tu6462.html#tu6469
15. Kiwon Lafiya UW [Intanet]. Madison (WI): Jami'ar Wisconsin Asibitoci da Hukumomin Kula da Lafiya; c2018. Ciwon nono (BRCA) Gwajin Gene: Gwajin gwaji [sabunta 2017 Jun 8; da aka ambata 2018 Feb 23]; [game da allo 2]. Akwai daga: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/breast-cancer-brca-gene-test/tu6462.html
16. Kiwon Lafiya UW [Intanet]. Madison (WI): Jami'ar Wisconsin Asibitoci da Hukumomin Kula da Lafiya; c2018. Ciwon Nono (BRCA) Gwajin Gene: Me yasa aka yi shi [sabunta 2017 Jun 8; da aka ambata 2018 Feb 23]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/breast-cancer-brca-gene-test/tu6462.html#tu646

Ba za a yi amfani da bayanan da ke wannan rukunin yanar gizon a madadin madadin ƙwararrun likitocin ko shawara ba. Tuntuɓi mai ba da kiwon lafiya idan kuna da tambayoyi game da lafiyarku.