Nazarin Raunin Jikin Cerebral (CSF)

Wadatacce

• Yadda ake ɗaukar samfuran CSF
• Hanyoyi masu alaƙa
• Hadarin na huda lumbar
• Me yasa aka umarci gwajin
• Cututtukan da binciken CSF ya gano
• Cututtuka masu cututtuka
• Zubar da jini
• Rikicin amsawa na rigakafi
• Ƙari
• Binciken CSF da sclerosis da yawa
• Gwajin gwaji da bincike na CSF
• Fassara sakamakon gwajin ku
• Biyan bayan binciken CSF

Menene bincike na CSF?

Binciken Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hanya ce ta neman yanayin da ya shafi kwakwalwar ku da kashin baya. Yana da jerin gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje da aka yi akan samfurin CSF. CSF shine ruwa mai tsabta wanda yake kwantar da hankali da kuma sadar da abubuwan gina jiki zuwa ga tsarin mai juyayinku na tsakiya (CNS). CNS ya ƙunshi kwakwalwa da ƙashin baya.

Ana samar da CSF ta choroid plexus a cikin kwakwalwa sannan a sake dawowa cikin jinin ku. Ruwan an canza shi gaba daya bayan 'yan awanni. Baya ga isar da abinci mai gina jiki, CSF yana gudana a kusa da kwakwalwar ku da kuma kashin baya, yana ba da kariya da ɗaukar sharar gida.

Samfurin CSF ana yawan tattara shi ta hanyar yin huɗa na lumbar, wanda kuma aka sani da lakaran kashin baya. Nazarin samfurin ya haɗa da aunawa da jarrabawa don:

• matsin ruwa
• sunadarai
• glucose
• jajayen kwayoyin jini
• fararen ƙwayoyin jini
• sunadarai
• kwayoyin cuta
• ƙwayoyin cuta
• wasu kwayoyin halittu masu cutarwa ko wasu abubuwa na baƙi

Tattaunawa na iya haɗawa da:

• auna sifofin jiki da bayyanar CSF
• gwaje-gwajen sunadarai akan abubuwan da aka samo a cikin ruwan kashin bayanku ko kuma kwatankwacin matakan abubuwan da aka samo a jinin ku
• cell yana ƙidaya da buga kowace kwayar halitta da aka samu a cikin CSF ɗinku
• gano kowane irin ƙwayar cuta wanda zai iya haifar da cututtuka

CSF tana cikin tuntuɓar kai tsaye tare da kwakwalwar ku da kashin baya. Don haka nazarin CSF ya fi tasiri fiye da gwajin jini don fahimtar alamun CNS.Koyaya, yana da wahalar samun samfurin ruwa na kashin baya fiye da samfurin jini. Shiga cikin jijiyar baya tare da allura yana buƙatar ƙwararren masaniya game da jijiyar jikin kashin baya da kuma cikakkiyar fahimta game da duk wata ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ko yanayin layin da ke iya ƙara haɗarin rikitarwa daga aikin.

Yadda ake ɗaukar samfuran CSF

Hutun lumbar gaba ɗaya yakan ɗauki ƙasa da minti 30. Likita ne ke yin sa wanda aka keɓance musamman don tattara CSF.

CSF yawanci ana ɗauke shi daga yankinku na baya, ko layin lumbar. Yana da matukar mahimmanci a kasance har yanzu yayin aikin. Wannan hanyar zaku guje wa sanya allura mara kyau ko rauni ga layinku.

Za a iya zaunar da kai kuma a ce ka jingina don kashin ka ya karkata gaba. Ko kuma likitanku na iya sa ku iya kwanciya a gefenku tare da lanƙwashin kashin baya kuma gwiwoyinku sun miƙe zuwa kirji. Lankwasa kashin baya yana sanya sarari tsakanin kashin ka a kasan kashin baya.

Da zarar kun kasance cikin matsayi, an tsabtace bayanku tare da maganin mara lafiya. Ododine galibi ana amfani dashi don tsaftacewa. Ana kiyaye yankin bakararre cikin aikin. Wannan yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta.

Ana shafa kirim mai sanya numban jiki ko feshi a fatarka. Likitan ku yayi allurar rigakafi. Da zarar rukunin yanar gizon ya dushe, sai likitanku ya saka bakin allura ta bakin ciki tsakanin kashin baya biyu. Wani nau'in X-ray na musamman da ake kira fluoroscopy wani lokaci ana amfani dashi don jagorantar allurar.

Na farko, ana auna matsin da ke cikin kwanyar ta amfani da manometer. Dukansu matsin lamba da ƙananan CSF na iya zama alamun wasu sharuɗɗa.

Ana ɗaukar samfurorin ruwa a cikin allurar. Lokacin da aka gama tattara ruwa, ana cire allurar. An sake tsabtace wurin hujin Ana amfani da bandeji.

Za a umarce ku da ku zauna a kwance na kimanin awa ɗaya. Wannan yana rage haɗarin ciwon kai, wanda shine sakamako na gama gari na aikin.

Hanyoyi masu alaƙa

Wani lokaci mutum ba zai iya samun huda na lumbar ba saboda nakasar baya, kamuwa da cuta, ko yuwuwar shigar da kwakwalwa. A cikin waɗannan sharuɗɗan, za a iya amfani da hanyar karɓar hanyar CSF mai haɗari wacce ke buƙatar asibiti, kamar ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Yayin huda na huji, likitanka ya huda rami a cikin kwanyar ka kuma saka allura kai tsaye zuwa ɗaya daga cikin ƙasan kwakwalwarka.
• Yayin hudawar ruwa, likitanka ya saka allura a bayan kwanyar ka.
• Shuntuwa na iska ko lambatu na iya tattara CSF daga bututun da likitanku ya sanya a cikin kwakwalwar ku. Ana yin wannan don sakin matsin ruwa mai ƙarfi.

Tarin CSF galibi ana haɗuwa tare da wasu hanyoyin. Misali, ana iya saka fenti a cikin CSF don myelogram. Wannan shine X-ray ko CT scan na kwakwalwar ku da kashin baya.

Hadarin na huda lumbar

Wannan gwajin yana buƙatar sakin da aka sanya hannu wanda ya faɗi cewa kun fahimci haɗarin aikin.

Babban haɗarin da ke haɗuwa da hujin lumbar ya haɗa da:

• zub da jini daga wurin hudawa zuwa cikin ruwan kashin baya, wanda ake kira famfo mai rauni
• rashin jin daɗi yayin da bayan aiwatarwa
• wani rashin lafiyan dauki ga maganin sa maye
• kamuwa da cuta a wurin huda
• ciwon kai bayan gwajin

Mutanen da ke ɗaukar abubuwan da ke sa a rage jini suna da haɗarin zubar jini. Lumbar huda na da matukar hatsari ga mutanen da ke da matsalar daskarewa kamar karancin platelet, wanda ake kira thrombocytopenia.

Akwai ƙarin ƙarin haɗari masu haɗari idan kuna da tarin kwakwalwa, ƙari, ko ƙura. Waɗannan yanayin suna sanya matsi akan kwakwalwarka. Yunkurin lumbar zai iya haifar da lalatawar kwakwalwa. Wannan na iya haifar da lalacewar kwakwalwa ko ma mutuwa.

Hannun kwakwalwa shine canzawar tsarin kwakwalwa. Yawanci yana tare da babban matsin intracranial. Yanayin daga karshe ya yanke jinin a kwakwalwarka. Wannan yana haifar da lalacewar da ba za a iya gyarawa ba. Ba za a yi gwajin ba idan ana zargin yawan ƙwaƙwalwa.

Hanyoyin hudawa na ciki da na huji suna ɗaukar ƙarin haɗari. Wadannan haɗarin sun haɗa da:

• lalacewar lakar kashin ka ko kwakwalwa
• zub da jini a cikin kwakwalwarka
• damuwa da shingen kwakwalwa-jini

Me yasa aka umarci gwajin

Za'a iya ba da umarnin nazarin CSF idan kun sami rauni na CNS. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi idan kuna da ciwon daji kuma likitanku yana son ganin idan kansar ta bazu zuwa CNS.

Bugu da ƙari, ana iya ba da umarnin nazarin CSF idan kuna da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin alamun bayyanar masu zuwa:

• mai tsanani, ciwon kai mara yankewa
• m wuya
• mafarkai, rikicewa, ko rashin hankali
• kamuwa
• mura-kamar bayyanar cututtuka da ke ci gaba ko ƙaruwa
• gajiya, kasala, ko raunin tsoka
• canje-canje a cikin sani
• tsananin jiri
• zazzabi ko kurji
• hasken hankali
• suma ko girgiza
• jiri
• magana matsaloli
• matsala tafiya ko rashin daidaito
• tsananin canjin yanayi
• rashin damuwa na asibiti

Cututtukan da binciken CSF ya gano

Binciken CSF na iya rarrabe daidai tsakanin kewayon cututtukan CNS wanda zai iya zama da wahala a iya tantance shi. Yanayin da binciken CSF ya samo sun hada da:

Cututtuka masu cututtuka

Wayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, da kuma ƙwayoyin cuta na iya cutar CNS. Ana iya samun wasu cututtukan ta hanyar binciken CSF. Cututtukan CNS na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• cutar sankarau
• ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa
• tarin fuka
• cututtukan fungal
• Yammacin cutar
• gabashin equine encephalitis virus (EEEV)

Zubar da jini

Binciken CSF zai iya gano zubar jini na ciki. Koyaya, keɓance ainihin dalilin zub da jini na iya buƙatar ƙarin sikanin ko gwaji. Abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar sun hada da hawan jini, bugun jini, ko kuma wata sigar jini.

Rikicin amsawa na rigakafi

Binciken CSF na iya gano rikicewar martani na rigakafi. Tsarin na rigakafi na iya haifar da lalacewar CNS ta hanyar kumburi, lalata kwalliyar myelin a kusa da jijiyoyi, da kuma samar da sinadarin antibody.

Cututtuka na yau da kullun irin wannan sun hada da:

• Guillain-Barré ciwo
• sarcoidosis
• neurosyphilis
• ƙwayar cuta mai yawa

Ƙari

Binciken CSF na iya gano ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kwakwalwa ko kashin baya. Hakanan yana iya gano ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka bazu zuwa CNS ɗinku daga wasu sassan jikinku.

Binciken CSF da sclerosis da yawa

Hakanan ana iya amfani da bincike na CSF don taimakawa wajen gano cututtukan ƙwayar cuta da yawa (MS). MS wani yanayi ne mai ɗorewa wanda tsarin garkuwar ku zai lalata suturar jijiyoyinku, wanda ake kira myelin. Mutanen da ke tare da MS na iya kasancewa suna da alamomi iri-iri waɗanda suke tsayawa ko su zo su tafi. Sun haɗa da suma ko ciwo a hannayensu da ƙafafunsu, matsalolin gani, da matsalar tafiya.

Ana iya yin nazarin CSF don yin sarauta da sauran yanayin kiwon lafiya waɗanda ke da alamun kama da MS. Ruwan na iya nuna alamun cewa garkuwar jikinka ba ta aiki daidai. Wannan na iya hadawa da babban matakin IgG (wani nau'in antibody) da kuma kasancewar wasu sunadarai wadanda suke samu yayin da myelin ya lalace. Kimanin kashi 85 zuwa 90 na mutanen da ke da cutar MS suna da waɗannan larurorin a cikin ruwayen kashin bayansu.

Wasu nau'ikan MS suna ci gaba da sauri kuma suna iya zama barazanar rai cikin makonni ko watanni. Kallon sunadarai a cikin CSF na iya bawa likitoci damar samar da “makullin” da ake kira biomarkers. Masu nazarin halittu na iya taimakawa gano nau'in MS ɗin da kuke da shi a baya kuma da sauƙi. Samun asali na farko zai iya ba ka damar samun magani wanda zai iya tsawaita rayuwarka idan kana da wani nau'in MS wanda ke saurin ci gaba.

Gwajin gwaji da bincike na CSF

Ana auna waɗannan masu zuwa a cikin binciken CSF:

• ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin jini
• yawan jinin jini
• chloride
• glucose, ko sukarin jini
• glutamine
• lactate dehydrogenase, wanda shine enzyme na jini
• kwayoyin cuta
• antigens, ko abubuwa masu cutarwa da aka samar ta hanyar mamaye ƙwayoyin cuta
• duka sunadarai
• oligoclonal band, waxanda suke takamaiman sunadarai
• kwayoyin cutar kansa
• kwayar DNA
• antibodies da ƙwayoyin cuta

Fassara sakamakon gwajin ku

Sakamako na al'ada yana nufin cewa babu wani abu mai mahimmanci da aka samo a cikin ruwan kashin baya. Duk matakan da aka auna na abubuwan CSF an same su a cikin kewayon al'ada.

Sakamakon sakamako mara kyau na iya faruwa ta ɗayan masu zuwa:

• ƙari
• ciwon daji na metastatic
• zubar jini
• encephalitis, wanda shine kumburi na kwakwalwa
• kamuwa da cuta
• kumburi
• Ciwon Reye, wanda ba kasafai ake samunsa ba, galibi cutar da ke kashe yara waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma ƙoshin aspirin
• sankarau, wanda zaka iya samu daga fungi, tarin fuka, ƙwayoyin cuta, ko ƙwayoyin cuta
• ƙwayoyin cuta irin su West Nile ko Eastern equine
• Guillain-Barré ciwo, wanda shine yanayin rashin lafiyar jiki wanda ke haifar da nakasa kuma yana faruwa bayan kamuwa da kwayar cuta
• sarcoidosis, wanda shine yanayin granulomatous na ba a san dalilin da ya shafi gabobi da yawa (da farko huhu, haɗin gwiwa, da fata)
• neurosyphilis, wanda ke faruwa lokacin da kamuwa da cuta tare da syphilis ya shafi kwakwalwarka
• multiple sclerosis, wanda cuta ce ta autoimmune da ke shafar kwakwalwar ku da laka

Biyan bayan binciken CSF

Bibiyarka da hangen nesa zai dogara ne akan abin da ya haifar da gwajin CNS ɗinka mara kyau. Ana iya buƙatar ƙarin gwajin don samun cikakken ganewar asali. Jiyya da sakamako zai bambanta.

Cutar sankarau da ke faruwa sanadiyyar kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta cuta ce ta gaggawa. Kwayar cututtukan suna kama da kwayar cutar sankarau. Koyaya, kamuwa da cutar sankarau ba ta da haɗari ga rayuwa.

Mutanen da ke fama da cutar sankarau na iya karɓar maganin rigakafi masu faɗi sosai har sai an tabbatar da dalilin kamuwa da cutar. Gaggauta magani yana da mahimmanci don ceton ranka. Hakanan zai iya hana lalacewar CNS na dindindin.