Schizophrenia: menene menene, manyan nau'ikan da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Menene iri
• 1. Paranoid ilimin sikiro
• 2. Ciwon Schizophrenia
• 3. Ibrananci ko Rashin Tsarin Schizophrenia
• 4. Rashin rarrabewar cutar rashin hankali
• 5. Sauran schizophrenia
• Abin da ke haifar da cutar rashin lafiya
• Yadda ake yin maganin
• Yara ilimin sikandire

Schizophrenia cuta ce ta tabin hankali wacce ke nuna canje-canje a cikin aikin tunani wanda ke haifar da damuwa cikin tunani da motsin rai, canje-canje a cikin ɗabi'a, ƙari ga rasa ma'anar gaskiya da yanke hukunci.

Duk da kasancewa mafi yawanci tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 35, sikizophrenia na iya bayyana a kowane zamani, kuma yawanci yana bayyana kansa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar su paranoid, catatonic, hebephrenic ko ba a rarrabe ba, alal misali, waɗanda ke gabatar da alamomin da suka faro daga mafarkai, rudu, rashin jituwa. hali, asarar motsawa ko canje-canje a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.

Schizophrenia yana shafar kusan 1% na yawan jama'a, kuma kodayake bashi da magani, ana iya sarrafa shi da kyau tare da magungunan antipsychotic, kamar Risperidone, Quetiapine ko Clozapine, alal misali, wanda mai ilimin hauka ke jagoranta, ban da sauran hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, kamar su psychotherapy da kuma maganin aikin yi, a matsayin wata hanya ta taimaka wa mai haƙuri don gyarawa da sake haɗuwa cikin iyali da kuma al'umma.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Akwai alamomi da dama wadanda suke jikin mutum mai cutar sikizophrenia, wanda zai iya bambanta gwargwadon kowane mutum da kuma irin cutar schizophrenia da ta bunkasa, kuma sun hada da alamun da ake kira tabbatacce (wanda ya fara faruwa), mara kyau (wadanda suka saba, amma suka daina faruwa)) ko fahimta (matsaloli wajen sarrafa bayanai).

Babban su ne:

• Yaudara, wanda ke faruwa lokacin da mutumin yayi imani da abin da ba gaske ba, kamar tsanantawa, cin amana ko wanda ke da manyan iko, misali. Mafi kyawun fahimtar menene delirium, nau'ikan kuma menene dalilai;
• Mafarki, tsinkaye ne bayyananne da bayyane na abubuwan da babu su, kamar jin muryoyi ko ganin wahayi;
• Tunanin da bai dace ba, a cikin abin da mutum yake magana da abubuwa marasa haɗin kai da ma'ana;
• Abubuwa marasa kyau a cikin hanyar motsi, tare da ƙungiyoyi marasa daidaituwa da motsa jiki, ban da catatonism, wanda ke tattare da rashin motsi, kasancewar motsin maimaitawa, kallo, grimaces, amsa kuwwar magana ko kuma bebe, misali;
• Canje-canje na hali, na iya zama ɓarkewar ƙwaƙwalwa, tashin hankali, tashin hankali da haɗarin kashe kansa;
• M bayyanar cututtuka, kamar rashin so ko yunƙuri, rashin faɗar motsin rai, keɓe kan jama'a, rashin kula da kai;
• Rashin kulawa da maida hankali;
• Canza ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da matsalolin ilmantarwa.

Schizophrenia na iya bayyana ba zato ba tsammani, a cikin kwanaki, ko a hankali, tare da canje-canje waɗanda ke bayyana a hankali tsawon watanni zuwa shekaru. Yawancin lokaci, 'yan uwa ko abokai na kusa suna lura da alamun farko, waɗanda suke lura cewa mutumin ya fi shakku, ya rikice, ya tsara ko kuma yana da nisa.

Don tabbatar da schizophrenia, likitan mahaukata zai kimanta alamun alamomi da alamomin da mutum ya gabatar kuma, idan ya cancanta, ba da umarnin gwaje-gwaje kamar su lissafin hoto ko hoton maganadisu na kokon kai don kawar da wasu cututtukan da za su iya haifar da alamun tabin hankali, kamar kwakwalwa ƙari ko hauka, misali.

Menene iri

Za'a iya rarraba ilimin sikandire a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban, gwargwadon manyan alamun cutar da ke jikin mutum. Koyaya, bisa ga DSM V, wanda ke rarraba rikice-rikicen tunani daban-daban, ba a yin la'akari da wanzuwar ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa, tunda bisa ga binciken da yawa babu wani bambance-bambance a cikin juyin halitta da maganin kowane ƙaramin nau'in.

Har yanzu, rarrabuwa na gargajiya ya haɗa da kasancewar waɗannan nau'ikan:

1. Paranoid ilimin sikiro

Wannan shine nau'ikan da aka fi sani, wanda rudu da tunanin mafarki suka fi yawa, musamman jin muryoyi, da canje-canje a halayya, kamar tashin hankali, rashin nutsuwa, suma sun zama ruwan dare. Ara koyo game da cutar sikizophrenia.

2. Ciwon Schizophrenia

Yana da halin kasancewar catatonism, wanda mutum baya amsa daidai ga mahalli, tare da jinkirin motsi ko shan inna na jiki, wanda mutum zai iya kasancewa cikin matsayi ɗaya tsawon awanni zuwa kwanaki, jinkiri ko ba magana, maimaita kalmomi ko kalmomin da wani ya faɗi kawai, da kuma maimaita motsi mara kyau, yin fuska ko kallo.

Wannan nau'ikan sikizophrenia ne wanda ba a saba da shi ba, kuma ya fi wahalar magani, tare da hadarin rikice-rikice kamar rashin abinci mai gina jiki ko cutar kai, misali.

3. Ibrananci ko Rashin Tsarin Schizophrenia

Tunanin da ba shi da tsari ya mamaye, tare da maganganun da ba su da ma'ana kuma daga mahalli, ban da kasancewar mummunan alamun, irin su rashin sha'awa, keɓewar jama'a da rasa ikon yin ayyukan yau da kullun.

4. Rashin rarrabewar cutar rashin hankali

Yana tasowa lokacin da akwai alamun cutar schizophrenia, duk da haka, mutumin bai dace da nau'ikan da aka ambata ba.

5. Sauran schizophrenia

Yana da mummunan yanayin cutar. Hakan na faruwa ne yayin da ka'idojin cutar schizophrenia suka faru a baya, amma ba sa aiki a halin yanzu, duk da haka, har yanzu akwai alamun alamun marasa kyau kamar jinkiri, keɓewar jama'a, rashin himma ko kauna, rage yanayin fuska ko rashin kulawa kai tsaye, misali .

Abin da ke haifar da cutar rashin lafiya

Har yanzu ba a san ainihin dalilin abin da ke haifar da cutar schizophrenia ba, amma, an san cewa ci gabanta yana tasiri ne ta hanyar kwayar halittar mutum, tunda akwai haɗari mafi girma a cikin iyali ɗaya, da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin muhalli, waɗanda za su iya haɗawa da amfani da ƙwayoyi. kamar marijuana, cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, iyaye a lokacin da suka tsufa a lokacin juna biyu, rashin abinci mai gina jiki a lokacin daukar ciki, rikitarwa na haihuwa, ƙwarewar ilimin halayyar mutum ko fuskantar fasiƙanci ko lalata.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Maganin schizophrenia yana jagorantar likitan mahaukata, tare da magungunan antipsychotic, kamar Risperidone, Quetiapine, Olanzapine ko Clozapine, alal misali, waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen sarrafa yawancin alamun bayyanar, kamar mafarki, yaudara ko canjin hali.

Sauran kwayoyi masu tashin hankali, kamar Diazepam, ko masu sanyaya rai, kamar su Carbamazepine, ana iya amfani dasu don sauƙaƙe alamomi a yayin tashin hankali ko damuwa, ban da magungunan ƙwarin guiwa, kamar su Sertraline, ana iya nuna su a yanayin ɓacin rai.

Bugu da kari, ilimin halayyar dan adam da aikin yi ya zama dole, a matsayin wata hanya ta ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen gyara da sake shigar da mai haƙuri cikin rayuwar zamantakewa. Hankalin dangi da sa ido ta ƙungiyoyin tallafi na zamantakewar al'umma da alumma suma muhimman matakai ne don inganta tasirin magani.

Yara ilimin sikandire

Yara ana kiranta schizophrenia da suna schizophrenia da wuri, saboda ba kasafai ake samun hakan ba ga yara. Yana gabatar da alamu iri ɗaya da nau'ikan kamar schizophrenia a cikin manya, duk da haka, yawanci yana da saurin farawa, sau da yawa yana da wuyar bayyana lokacin da ya fara bayyana.

Canje-canje a cikin tunani sun fi na kowa, tare da ra'ayoyi marasa tsari, yaudara, ra'ayoyin ra'ayoyi da alaƙar zamantakewar jama'a mai wahala. Ana yin jiyya tare da likitan mahaukaci, ta amfani da magunguna, kamar Haloperidol, Risperidone ko Olanzapine, misali, da kuma ilimin halayyar dan adam, maganin sana’a da kuma kula da iyali suma suna da mahimmanci.