Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Wadatacce

• Menene alamun da alamun?
• Me ke kawo shi?
• Kwayoyin halitta
• Hormones
• Magunguna marasa kyau
• Wa ke samu?
• Yaya ake gane shi?
• Yaya ake magance ta?
• Iopunƙwasa jiki na nakasawa
• Tiyata
• Ta yaya yake shafar tsawon rai?

Menene fibpususcular dysplasia?

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) yanayi ne da ke haifar da ƙarin ƙwayoyin halitta su yi girma a cikin ganuwar jijiyoyin jini. Arteries sune jijiyoyin jini waɗanda ke ɗaukar jini daga zuciyarku zuwa sauran jikinku. Growtharin haɓakar ƙwayoyin halitta yana taƙaita jijiyoyin, yana barin ƙarancin jini ya gudana ta cikinsu. Hakanan zai iya haifar da bulges (aneurysms) da hawaye (rarrabawa) a cikin jijiyoyin.

FMD yawanci yana shafar ƙananan jijiyoyin da ke ba da jini ga:

• kodan (jijiyoyin koda)
• kwakwalwa (carotid arteries)
• ciki ko hanji (jijiyoyin jijiyoyi)
• hannaye da kafafu

Rage kwararar jini zuwa wadannan gabobin na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin.

FMD yana shafar tsakanin kashi 1 zuwa 5 na Amurkawa. Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mutanen da ke da wannan yanayin suna da shi a cikin jijiyoyin jini fiye da ɗaya.

Menene alamun da alamun?

FMD ba koyaushe ke haifar da bayyanar cututtuka ba. Idan ya yi, alamun cutar sun dogara ne da wane ɓangaren ya shafa.

Kwayar cututtukan da ke rage saukar jini a koda sun hada da:

• ciwon gefe
• hawan jini
• kankantar koda
• aikin koda mara kyau lokacin da aka auna ta gwajin jini

Kwayar cututtukan ragin jini zuwa kwakwalwa sun hada da:

• ciwon kai
• jiri
• wuyan wuya
• ringing ko swooshing sauti a cikin kunnuwa
• runtse ido
• unealiban da ba su da girma
• bugun jini ko ƙaramin ƙarfi

Kwayar cututtukan raunin jini zuwa cikin ciki sun hada da:

• ciwon ciki bayan cin abinci
• asarar nauyi da ba a bayyana ba

Kwayar cututtukan ragin jini zuwa hannaye da kafafu sun hada da:

• zafi a cikin raunin da ya shafa lokacin tafiya ko gudu
• rauni ko rashin nutsuwa
• zafin jiki ko canza launi a cikin ɓangaren da abin ya shafa

Me ke kawo shi?

Doctors ba su da tabbacin abin da ke haifar da FMD. Koyaya, masu bincike sun daidaita akan manyan ra'ayoyi uku:

Kwayoyin halitta

Kimanin kashi 10 cikin 100 na al'amuran FMD suna faruwa ne a cikin waɗanda suke cikin iyali ɗaya, suna masu cewa jinsin jini na iya taka rawa. Koyaya, kawai saboda mahaifanka ko kannenka suna da yanayin ba yana nufin za ka samu ba. Bugu da kari, dangi na iya samun FMD wanda ke shafar jijiyoyi daban-daban.

Hormones

Mata sun fi saurin samun FMD sau uku zuwa huɗu fiye da maza, wanda ke nuna cewa homon na mata na iya shiga. Koyaya, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don tabbatar da hakan.

Magunguna marasa kyau

Rashin oxygen ga jijiyoyin yayin da suke kera na iya haifar musu da ci gaba ba daidai ba, wanda ke haifar da raguwar gudan jini.

Wa ke samu?

Duk da yake ba a san ainihin dalilin FMD ba, akwai 'yan abubuwan da ke iya haɓaka damar haɓaka ta. Wadannan sun hada da:

• kasancewarta mace kasa da shekaru 50
• samun yan uwa daya ko fiye da haka tare da yanayin
• shan taba

Yaya ake gane shi?

Likitanka na iya zargin cewa kana da FMD bayan ya ji ƙara yayin da kake sauraren jijiyarka ta hanyar amfani da stethoscope. Baya ga kimanta sauran alamunku, ƙila su yi amfani da gwajin hoto don tabbatar da cutar ku.

Gwajin gwajin da aka yi amfani da su don tantance FMD sun haɗa da:

• Duplex (Doppler) duban dan tayi. Wannan gwajin yana amfani da igiyar ruwa mai ƙarfi da kuma kwamfuta don ƙirƙirar hotunan jijiyoyinku. Zai iya nuna yadda jini yake gudana ta jijiyoyin ku.
• Magnetic resonance angiography. Wannan gwajin yana amfani da maganadisu mai ƙarfi da raƙuman rediyo don ƙirƙirar hotunan jijiyoyinku.
• Utedididdigar yanayin ƙwaƙwalwa. Wannan gwajin yana amfani da hasken rana da kuma fenti mai banbanci don samar da cikakken hotunan hanyoyin jinin ku.
• Arteriography. Idan gwaje-gwajen marasa yaduwa ba zasu iya tabbatar da asalin cutar ba, kuna iya buƙatar tsarin zane. Wannan gwajin yana amfani da fenti mai bambancin allura ta hanyar wayar da aka sanya a cikin gujinku ko ɓangaren jikinku da abin ya shafa. Bayan haka, ana daukar rayukan jijiyoyin jini.

Yaya ake magance ta?

Babu magani don FMD, amma zaka iya sarrafa shi. Magunguna zasu iya taimaka muku don kula da alamun ku kuma hana rikitarwa na cutar.

Mutane da yawa suna samun ɗan sauƙi na sauƙi daga magungunan hawan jini, gami da:

• angiotensin II masu karɓa masu karɓa: candesartan (Atacand), irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan)
• angiotensin-canza masu hana enzyme (masu hana ACE): benazepril (Lotensin), enalapril (Vasotec), lisinopril (Prinvil, Zestril)
• beta–masu toshewa: atenolol (Tenormin), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol-XL)
• masu toshe tashar calcium: amlodipine (Norvasc), nifedipine (Adalat CC, Afeditab CR, Procardia)

Hakanan zaka iya buƙatar shan abubuwan da ke rage jini, kamar su asfirin, don hana daskarewar jini. Wadannan suna saukaka jini don wucewa ta hanyoyin da ke kunkuntar.

Optionsarin zaɓuɓɓukan magani sun haɗa da:

Iopunƙwasa jiki na nakasawa

Wani bakin bakin bututu da ake kira catheter tare da balan-balan a wani karshen bakin zaren ne a cikin siririn jijiyar. Bayan haka, ana kumbura balan-balan don buɗe jijiya.

Tiyata

Idan kana da toshewar jijiyarka, ko kuma jijiyarka ta kasance kunkuntar, kana iya bukatar tiyata don gyara ta. Kwararren likitan ku zai cire ɓangaren jijiyar da aka toshe ko kuma ya sake zagaya jini a kusa da shi.

Ta yaya yake shafar tsawon rai?

FMD yawanci yanayin rayuwa ne. Duk da haka, masu bincike ba su sami wata hujja ba cewa tana rage tsawon rai, kuma mutane da yawa tare da FMD suna rayuwa da kyau zuwa 80s da 90s.

Yi aiki tare da likitanka don neman hanya mafi kyau don sarrafa alamunku, kuma tabbatar da gaya musu idan kun lura da wasu sababbin alamun, gami da:

• hangen nesa ya canza
• magana ya canza
• canje-canje da ba'a bayyana ba a hannayenku ko kafafu