Hepatitis A: menene, alamomin, yadawa da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban alamun cutar hanta A
• Yaya yaduwa da rigakafi
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Hepatitis A cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa ta hanyar kwayar cuta a cikin dangin Picornavirus, HAV, wanda ke haifar da kumburin hanta. Wannan kwayar cutar tana haifar da, a mafi yawan lokuta, yanayi mai sauƙi da gajere, kuma yawanci baya zama mai larura kamar na hepatitis B ko C.

Koyaya, mutanen da suka raunana ko kuma suka raunana rigakafi, kamar waɗanda ke da ciwon sukari marasa ƙarfi, kansar da kanjamau, alal misali, na iya samun wani nau'i mai tsanani na cutar, wanda ma yana iya mutuwa.

Babban alamun cutar hanta A

A mafi yawan lokuta, hepatitis A ba ya haifar da alamomin, kuma har ma ana iya zuwa ba a lura da shi. Koyaya, lokacin da suka bayyana, yawanci tsakanin kwanaki 15 zuwa 40 bayan kamuwa da cuta, mafi yawan al'amuran sune:

• Gajiya;
• Rashin hankali;
• Tashin zuciya da amai;
• Feverananan zazzabi;
• Ciwon kai;
• Ciwon ciki;
• Fata mai launin rawaya da idanu;
• Fitsari mai duhu;
• Kujerun haske.

A cikin mafi munin yanayi, wanda raunukan hanta suka bayyana, alamomin na iya bayyana da mahimmanci, kamar zazzaɓi mai zafi, ciwo a cikin ciki, amai da maimaitawa da fata mai launin rawaya sosai. Wadannan cututtukan sune mafi yawan lokuta ke nuna cutar hanta, wanda cikin hanta yake daina aiki. Juyin Halitta daga cutar hepatitis A zuwa cikakkiyar hepatitis ba safai ba, yana faruwa a ƙasa da kashi 1 cikin 100 na al'amuran. San wasu alamomin cutar hanta A.

Ana yin binciken cutar hepatitis A ne ta hanyar gwajin jini, inda ake gano kwayoyin cutar, wadanda ke bayyana a cikin jini 'yan makonni bayan gurbatarwar. Sauran gwaje-gwajen jini, kamar AST da ALT, suma na iya zama da amfani wajen tantance matakan ƙonewar hanta.

Yaya yaduwa da rigakafi

Babban hanyar yaduwar cutar hepatitis A shine ta hanyan baka, wato, ta hanyar cin abinci da ruwan da gurbatar mutanen dake dauke da kwayar cutar ta gurbata. Don haka, lokacin da aka shirya abinci tare da yanayin rashin tsabta akwai haɗarin kamuwa da cutar. Bugu da kari, yin iyo a cikin ruwan da ya gurbata ko kuma cin abincin da ake kamuwa da shi shima yana kara damar kamuwa da cutar hepatitis A. Don haka, don kare kanku, ana bada shawara:

• Samu maganin rigakafin cutar hanta, wanda ke cikin SUS don yara daga shekara 1 zuwa 2 ko musamman don sauran shekaru;
• Wanke hannu bayan shiga banɗaki, canza diapers ko kafin shirya abinci;
• Dafa abinci sosai kafin cin su, galibi abincin teku;
• Wanke tasirin mutum, kamar abin yanka, faranti, tabarau da kwalabe;
• Kada ayi iyo cikin gurbataccen ruwa ko yin wasa kusa da waɗannan wuraren;
• Koyaushe sha ruwan da aka tace ko dafa shi.

Mutanen da suka fi kamuwa da wannan cutar sune waɗanda ke zaune ko yin tafiye-tafiye zuwa wurare tare da rashin tsabta da ƙarancin tsabtace muhalli, da yara da mutanen da ke rayuwa a muhallin da mutane da yawa, kamar cibiyoyin kula da yini da gidajen kulawa.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Kamar yadda hepatitis A cuta ce mai sauƙi, mafi yawan lokuta, ana yin magani ne kawai da magunguna don sauƙaƙe alamomin, kamar masu ba da ciwo da magungunan tashin zuciya, ban da bayar da shawarar cewa mutum ya huta kuma ya sha ruwa da yawa don shayarwa da taimakawa gilashin don murmurewa. Abincin ya kamata ya zama mai haske, dangane da kayan lambu da ganye.

Kwayar cutar galibi tana ɓacewa cikin kwanaki 10, kuma mutum ya warke sarai cikin watanni 2. Don haka, a wannan lokacin, idan kana zaune tare da wanda ke da wannan cutar, ya kamata ka yi amfani da sinadarin sodium hypochlorite ko bleach wajen wanke bandakin, domin rage yiwuwar samun gurbatarwa. Duba karin bayani kan maganin hepatitis A.

Duba kuma a bidiyon da ke ƙasa abin da za ku ci idan aka sami cutar hanta: