Abin da Ya Kamata Ku sani Game da Hyperlipidemia

Wadatacce

• Fahimtar cholesterol
• Samun ganewar asali
• Shin kuna cikin haɗarin cutar hyperlipidemia?
• Haɗin gwiwar haɗin dangi
• Yadda za a magance da sarrafa hyperlipidemia a gida
• Ku ci abinci mai kyau na zuciya
• Rage nauyi
• Yi aiki
• Dakatar da shan taba
• Magungunan Hyperlipidemia
• Outlook
• Yadda za a hana yawan cholesterol

Menene hyperlipidemia?

Hyperlipidemia lokaci ne na likita don ƙananan ƙwayoyin kitse (lipids) a cikin jini. Manyan nau'ikan lipids guda biyu da ake samu a cikin jini sune triglycerides da cholesterol.

Triglycerides ana yin su ne lokacin da jikin ku ya adana ƙarin adadin kuzari da baya buƙatar kuzari. Hakanan suna zuwa kai tsaye daga abincinku a cikin abinci irin su jan nama da kiwo mai-mai. Abincin mai cike da sikari mai ladabi, fructose, da giya yana haifar da triglycerides.

Cholesterol ana samar dashi ne ta hanyar halitta a cikin hanta saboda kowace kwayar dake jikinka tana amfani dashi. Kama da triglycerides, ana samun cholesterol a cikin abinci mai maiko kamar ƙwai, jan nama, da cuku.

Hyperlipidemia an fi sani da babban cholesterol. Kodayake ana iya gadon babban cholesterol, sau da yawa sakamakon zaɓin salon rashin lafiya ne.

Fahimtar cholesterol

Cholesterol wani abu ne mai yawo wanda ke bi ta hanyoyin jini a jikin sunadaran da ake kira lipoproteins. Lokacin da cholesterol yayi yawa a cikin jininka, zai iya ginawa a bangon jijiyoyinka kuma ya zama tambari. Da shigewar lokaci, tarin abubuwan ajiya suna girma kuma suna fara toshe jijiyoyin ka, wanda zai iya haifar da cututtukan zuciya, bugun zuciya, da shanyewar jiki.

Samun ganewar asali

Hyperlipidemia ba shi da wata alama, don haka hanya guda da za a iya gano hakan ita ce ka je likitanka ya yi gwajin jini wanda ake kira 'lipid panel' ko 'lipid profile'. Wannan gwajin yana ƙayyade matakan cholesterol. Likitanka zai dauki samfurin jininka ya aika zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don gwaji, sannan ya dawo gare ka da cikakken rahoto. Rahotonku zai nuna matakanku na:

• duka cholesterol
• low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
• high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
• triglycerides

Likitanku na iya tambayar ku kuyi azumi na awanni 8 zuwa 12 kafin jinin ku ya ɗiba. Wannan yana nufin za ku buƙaci kauce wa ci ko shan wani abu ban da ruwa a wannan lokacin. Duk da haka, binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa yin azumi ba lallai ba ne koyaushe, don haka bi umarnin likitanku dangane da abubuwan da suka shafi lafiyar ku.

Gabaɗaya, ana ɗaukan matakin kodin fiye da milligram 200 a kowane mai yanke. Koyaya, amintattun matakan cholesterol na iya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum dangane da tarihin lafiya da damuwar lafiyarku ta yanzu, kuma likitanku ne ya fi dacewa. Kwararka zai yi amfani da rukunin lipid ɗinka don yin gwajin cutar ta hyperlipidemia.

Shin kuna cikin haɗarin cutar hyperlipidemia?

Akwai cholesterol iri biyu, LDL da HDL. Wataƙila kun taɓa jin an kira su "mara kyau" da "mai kyau" cholesterol, bi da bi. LDL (“mara kyau”) cholesterol ya hauhawa a cikin bangon jijiyarka, yana mai da su wuya da kunkuntar. HDL (“mai kyau”) cholesterol yana tsabtace yawan “mummunan” cholesterol kuma yana motsa shi daga jijiyoyin, komawa cikin hanta. Hyperlipidemia yana faruwa ne sanadiyar yawan LDL cholesterol a cikin jininka kuma bai isa cholesterol HDL ya share shi ba.

Zaɓuɓɓukan salon rashin lafiya na iya ɗaga matakan “mummunan” ƙwayar cholesterol da ƙananan “mai kyau” ƙwayoyin cholesterol. Idan kayi kiba, cin abinci mai yawa, shan sigari, ko rashin samun cikakken motsa jiki, to kana cikin haɗari.

Zaɓuɓɓukan salon da ke jefa ku cikin haɗari don yawan ƙwayar cholesterol sun haɗa da:

• cin abinci mai cike da mai
• cin furotin na dabbobi, kamar nama da kiwo
• rashin samun cikakken motsa jiki
• rashin cin wadataccen kitsen mai
• kiba
• babban kugu kewaye
• shan taba
• shan barasa fiye da kima

Hakanan ana samun matakan ƙwayar cholesterol mara kyau a cikin wasu mutane tare da wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya, gami da:

• cutar koda
• ciwon sukari
• polycystic ovary ciwo
• ciki
• rashin aiki thyroid
• yanayin gado

Hakanan, wasu magunguna na iya shafar matakan cholesterol:

• kwayoyin hana daukar ciki
• diuretics
• wasu magungunan bakin ciki

Haɗin gwiwar haɗin dangi

Akwai nau'ikan cututtukan jini wanda zaku iya gado daga iyayenku ko kakanninku. An kira shi iyali haɗuwa da hyperlipidemia. Haɗin gwiwar haɗin dangi yana haifar da babban ƙwayar cholesterol da kuma babban triglycerides. Mutanen da ke cikin wannan yanayin sukan ci gaba da haɓakar mai ƙwanƙwasa ko matakan triglyceride a cikin samartaka kuma suna karɓar ganewar asali a cikin 20s ko 30s. Wannan yanayin yana kara kasadar kamuwa da cututtukan jijiyoyin jini da saurin zuciya.

Ba kamar mutanen da ke fama da cutar hyperlipidemia ba, mutanen da ke haɗuwa da hyperlipidemia na iya haɗuwa da alamun cututtukan zuciya bayan fewan shekaru, kamar:

• ciwon kirji (a matashi)
• ciwon zuciya (a matashi)
• matsi a cikin calves yayin tafiya
• ciwo a yatsun kafa wanda baya warkewa daidai
• cututtukan bugun jini, gami da magana da matsala, faɗuwa a gefe ɗaya na fuska, ko rauni a cikin tsaurara matakai

Yadda za a magance da sarrafa hyperlipidemia a gida

Canje-canjen salon sune mabuɗin sarrafa hyperlipidemia a gida. Koda koda an gaji cututtukan cututtukan jini (iyali haɗuwa da hyperlipidemia), canje-canje na rayuwa har yanzu yana da mahimmanci ɓangare na magani. Waɗannan canje-canjen kaɗai na iya isa don rage haɗarin rikitarwa kamar cututtukan zuciya da bugun jini. Idan kun riga kuna shan magunguna, canje-canje na rayuwa zai iya inganta tasirin cholesterol-rage su.

Ku ci abinci mai kyau na zuciya

Yin canje-canje ga abincinka na iya rage matakan “mummunan” ƙwayar cholesterol ɗinka da kuma ƙara yawan “mai kyau” ƙwayoyin cholesterol. Anan ga wasu canje-canje da zaku iya yi:

• Zaɓi mai mai kyau. Guji wadataccen kitsen da ake samu musamman cikin jan nama, naman alade, tsiran alade, da kayayyakin kiwo mai cikakken mai. Zabi sunadarai mara kauri kamar kaza, turkey, da kifi idan zai yiwu. Canja zuwa kiwo maras mai ko mai mai mai. Kuma amfani da kitse mai hade kamar zaitun da man kanola domin girki.
• Yanke kayan maye. Ana samun ƙwayoyin mai a cikin soyayyen abinci da abinci da aka sarrafa, kamar su kukis, farfasawa, da sauran kayan ciye-ciye. Bincika abubuwan da ke cikin alamomin samfura. Tsallake duk wani samfurin da ya lissafa “mai sashi mai ƙanshi”.
• Ci karin omega-3s. Omega-3 fatty acid suna da fa'idodin zuciya da yawa. Kuna iya samun su a cikin wasu nau'ikan kifaye, gami da kifin kifi, mackerel, da herring. Hakanan za'a iya samun su a cikin wasu kwayoyi da iri, kamar goro da 'ya'yan flax.
• Kara yawan abincin ki na fiber. Duk fiber suna da lafiyar zuciya, amma fiber mai narkewa, wanda aka samo shi a cikin hatsi, kwakwalwa, 'ya'yan itatuwa, wake, da kayan lambu, na iya rage matakan LDL cholesterol ɗin ku.
• Koyi girke-girke masu ƙoshin lafiya. Binciki shafin girke-girke na Heartungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka don shawarwari game da abinci mai ɗanɗano, kayan ciye-ciye, da kayan zaki waɗanda ba za su ɗaga ƙwayar cholesterol ba.
• Ku ci karin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari. Suna da yawa a cikin fiber da bitamin kuma ƙarancin mai mai ƙanshi.

Rage nauyi

Idan kana da nauyi ko kiba, rasa nauyi zai iya taimakawa rage duka matakan cholesterol. Ko da fam 5 zuwa 10 na iya yin bambanci.

Rashin nauyi yana farawa ne daga gano yawan adadin kuzari da kuke sha da kuma yawan kuna kuna. Yana ɗaukar yanke adadin kuzari 3,500 daga abincinku don rasa fam.

Don rage nauyi, yi amfani da abinci maras kalori ka kuma haɓaka aikin motsa jiki don ka ƙona adadin kuzari fiye da yadda kake ci. Yana taimakawa wajen yanke abubuwan sha da giya, da kuma gudanar da aikin sarrafa abubuwa.

Yi aiki

Motsa jiki yana da mahimmanci ga lafiyar gaba daya, rage nauyi, da matakan cholesterol. Lokacin da baka samun isasshen motsa jiki ba, matakan HDL ɗinka na cholesterol suna sauka. Wannan yana nufin babu isasshen “mai kyau” cholesterol don ɗaukar “mummunan” cholesterol nesa da jijiyoyinku.

Kuna buƙatar kawai minti 40 na matsakaici don motsa jiki mai ƙarfi sau uku ko sau hudu a mako don rage yawan matakan cholesterol. Makasudin ya zama mintuna 150 na jimlar motsa jiki kowane mako. Duk wani abu mai zuwa zai iya taimaka muku ƙara motsa jiki ga al'amuranku na yau da kullun:

• Gwada keke don aiki.
• Yi tafiya cikin sauri tare da kare ka.
• Swim laps a wurin wanka na gida
• Shiga gidan motsa jiki.
• Auki matakalai maimakon lif.
• Idan kayi amfani da safarar jama'a, sauka daga tasha ko biyu da wuri.

Dakatar da shan taba

Shan sigarin “mai kyau” na cholesterol kuma yana tayar da triglycerides ɗinka. Ko da kuwa ba a gano ka da cutar ta hyperlipidemia ba, shan taba na iya kara kasadar kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya. Yi magana da likitanka game da dainawa ko gwada facin nikotin. Ana samun facin Nicotine a shagon magani ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba. Hakanan zaka iya karanta waɗannan nasihun daga mutanen da suka daina shan sigari.

Magungunan Hyperlipidemia

Idan canje-canje na rayuwa bai isa ba don magance cututtukan jini, likitan ku na iya ba da magani. Magungunan cholesterol na yau da kullun da magungunan triglyceride sun hada da:

• statins, kamar:
  • atorvastatin (Lipitor)
  • ruwa (Lescol XL)
  • lovastatin (Altoprev)
  • pitavastatin (Livalo)
  • farashi (Pravachol)
  • rosuvastatin (Crestor)
  • simvastatin (Zocor)
• resin bile-acid-mai ɗaurewa, kamar:
  • cholestyramine (Prevalite)
  • colesevelam (WelChol)
  • colestipol (Colestid)
• masu hana yaduwar cholesterol, irin wannan asezetimibe (Zetia)
• injectable magunguna, kamar alirocumab (Praluent) ko evolocumab (Repatha)
• fibrates, kamar fenofibrate (Fenoglide, Tricor, Triglide) ko gemfibrozil (Lopid)
• niacin (Niacor)
• Omega-3 kayan mai mai ƙanshi
• sauran abubuwan rage cholesterol

Outlook

Mutanen da ke fama da cutar ta hyperlipidemia suna da damar samun cututtukan zuciya fiye da sauran jama'a. Cutar zuciya wani yanayi ne wanda alkunya ke tashi a cikin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini (zuciya). Eningarfafa jijiyoyin, da ake kira atherosclerosis, na faruwa ne yayin da abin rubutu ya hau kan bangon jijiyoyin. Bayan lokaci, abin rubutu a fili yana taƙaita jijiyoyin kuma zai iya toshe su kwata-kwata, yana hana gudan jini na yau da kullun. Wannan na iya haifar da bugun zuciya, bugun jini, ko wasu matsaloli.

Yadda za a hana yawan cholesterol

Kuna iya yin canje-canje ga salonku don hana hawan mai yawa ko rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar ta hyperlipidemia:

• Motsa jiki kwanaki da yawa a kowane mako.
• Ku ci abinci mai ƙarancin mai mai ƙoshin lafiya.
• Lotsara 'ya'yan itace da yawa, kayan lambu, wake, kwayoyi, hatsi, da kifi akai-akai a cikin abincinku. (Abincin Rum na Rum shine kyakkyawan tsarin cin abinci mai kyau.)
• Dakatar da cin jan nama da sarrafa nama kamar naman alade, tsiran alade, da yankan sanyi.
• Sha madara mara kyau.
• Kula da lafiya mai nauyi.
• Ku ci kitsen mai mai lafiya, kamar avocado, almond, da man zaitun.