Me za ayi idan kuna zargin HIV

Wadatacce

• 1. Jeka wurin likita
• 2. Fara PEP
• 3. Yin gwajin kanjamau
• 4. Yi cikakken gwajin HIV
• Menene halayen haɗari

Idan ana tsammanin kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV saboda wasu halaye masu haɗari, kamar yin jima'i ba tare da robar roba ko raba allura da sirinji ba, yana da mahimmanci a je wurin likita da wuri-wuri, don a kimanta halaye masu haɗari kuma amfanin na iya zama fara magunguna wadanda zasu taimaka hana kwayar cutar ta yawaita a jiki.

Kari kan haka, tare da tuntuɓar likita ana iya ba da shawarar yin gwajin jini wanda ke taimakawa wajen bincika ko mutumin ya kamu da cutar da gaske. Tunda ana iya gano kwayar cutar ta HIV ne kawai a cikin jini bayan kimanin kwanaki 30 na halaye masu haɗari, mai yiwuwa ne likita ya ba da shawarar yin gwajin HIV a lokacin shawarwarin, kazalika da maimaita gwajin bayan wata 1 na shawarwar zuwa duba ko akwai kamuwa da cuta ko babu.

Don haka, game da kamuwa da cutar HIV, ko kuma duk lokacin da haɗari ya faru, yana da mahimmanci a bi waɗannan matakan:

1. Jeka wurin likita

Lokacin da kake da wata halayya mai haɗari, kamar rashin amfani da kwaroron roba yayin saduwa ko raba allurai da sirinji, yana da matukar muhimmanci ka hanzarta zuwa Cibiyar Gwaji da Ba da Shawara (CTA), don a fara yin binciken farko kuma mai zuwa Ana iya nuna yanayi.Matasan matakan da suka dace don hana yaduwar kwayar cutar da ci gaban cutar.

2. Fara PEP

PEP, wanda kuma ake kira Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, yayi daidai da saitin magungunan rigakafin cutar wanda za'a iya ba da shawara yayin shawarwari a CTA wanda ke da nufin rage saurin yaduwar kwayar, yana hana ci gaban cutar. An nuna cewa PEP an fara shi ne a farkon awanni 72 bayan halayyar haɗari kuma ana kiyaye shi don 28 a jere.

A lokacin shawarwarin, har yanzu likita na iya yin gwajin cutar kanjamau cikin sauri, amma idan ka fara hulɗa da kwayar a karon farko, akwai yiwuwar sakamakon ya zama ƙarya, domin yana iya ɗaukar kwanaki 30 don Ana iya gano kwayar cutar HIV daidai a cikin jini. Don haka, al'ada ne cewa bayan waɗannan kwanakin 30, har ma bayan lokacin PEP ya ƙare, likita zai nemi sabon gwaji, don tabbatarwa, ko a'a, sakamakon farko.

Idan fiye da wata guda sun shude bayan halayyar haɗari, likita, a ƙa'ida, ba ya ba da shawarar ɗaukar PEP kuma yana iya yin odar gwajin ƙanjamau kawai, wanda, idan ya tabbata, zai iya rufe ganewar kanjamau. Bayan wannan lokacin, idan mutumin ya kamu da cutar, za a tura shi ga likitan cutar, wanda zai daidaita maganin tare da kwayar cutar, wadanda kwayoyi ne da ke taimakawa wajen hana kwayar cutar ta yawaita fiye da kima. Kyakkyawan fahimtar yadda ake yin maganin cutar kanjamau.

3. Yin gwajin kanjamau

An bada shawarar gwajin kwayar kanjamau kimanin kwana 30 zuwa 40 bayan halayyar haɗari, saboda wannan shine lokacin da ake buƙata don gano kwayar cutar a cikin jini. Koyaya, kuma ba tare da la'akari da sakamakon wannan gwajin ba, yana da mahimmanci a maimaita shi kwanaki 30 daga baya, koda kuwa sakamakon gwajin farko bashi da kyau, don kawar da shubuhar.

A ofis, ana yin wannan gwajin ne ta hanyar karbar jini kuma galibi ana yin sa ne ta hanyar ELISA, wanda ke nuna kasancewar kwayar cutar HIV a cikin jini. Sakamakon zai iya daukar sama da kwana 1 kafin ya fito kuma, idan aka ce "reagent", yana nufin cewa mutum ya kamu da cutar, amma idan "ba a reagent" ba yana nufin cewa babu wata cuta, duk da haka dole ne ka maimaita sake gwadawa bayan kwana 30.

Lokacin da aka yi gwajin a cikin kamfen din gwamnati na gwamnati a kan titi, yawanci ana amfani da gwajin cutar kanjamau mai sauri, wanda a cikin sa ake shirya sakamakon cikin mintuna 15 zuwa 30. A wannan gwajin, ana bayar da sakamakon a matsayin "tabbatacce" ko "mara kyau" kuma, idan ya tabbata, dole ne koyaushe a tabbatar da shi tare da gwajin jini a asibiti.

Duba yadda gwajin HIV ke aiki da yadda ake fahimtar sakamako.

4. Yi cikakken gwajin HIV

Don tabbatar da shakku game da cutar kanjamau, yana da kyau a gudanar da ƙarin gwaji, kamar gwajin kai-tsaye na Immunofluorescence ko gwajin ƙyamar Yammaci, wanda ke tabbatar da kasancewar kwayar a cikin jiki kuma don haka fara magani da wuri-wuri .

Menene halayen haɗari

Wadannan suna dauke da halaye masu haɗari don haɓaka kamuwa da ƙwayar HIV:

• Yin jima'i ba tare da kwaroron roba ba, walau na farji, na dubura ko na baka;
• Raba sirinji;
• Samu kai tsaye tare da buɗe raunuka ko jini.

Bugu da kari, mata masu ciki da masu dauke da kwayar cutar HIV suma su kiyaye a yayin daukar ciki da haihuwa don kaucewa yada cutar ga jariri. Duba yadda ake yada kwayar cutar da yadda zaka kiyaye kanka.

Duba kuma, mafi mahimman bayanai game da kamuwa da kwayar HIV: