Gwajin kwayar cutar kansar nono: yadda ake yinta da lokacin da aka nuna ta

Wadatacce

• Yaya ake yi
• Oncotype DX jarrabawa
• Lokacin da za a yi
• Sakamakon sakamako

Gwajin kwayar cutar kansar nono na da babbar manufar tabbatar da hadarin kamuwa da cutar sankarar mama, ban da barin likitan ya san wane irin maye ne ke hade da canjin kansa.

Irin wannan gwajin galibi ana nuna shi ne ga mutanen da suke da dangi na kusa waɗanda aka gano su da cutar sankarar mama kafin shekara 50, cutar sankarar jakar kwai ko ta nono. Gwajin ya kunshi gwajin jini wanda, ta amfani da dabarun binciken kwayoyin, gano daya ko fiye maye gurbi masu nasaba da kamuwa da cutar sankarar mama, manyan alamomin da aka nema a gwajin sune BRCA1 da BRCA2.

Hakanan yana da mahimmanci ayi gwaji na yau da kullun kuma a kula da alamomin farko na cutar don a gano cutar da wuri kuma, don haka, fara magani. Koyi yadda ake gano alamun farko na cutar sankarar mama.

Yaya ake yi

Gwajin kwayar cutar kansar nono ana yin ta ne ta hanyar nazarin karamin jini, wanda aka tura shi zuwa dakin bincike don bincike. Don yin gwajin, ba a buƙatar shiri na musamman ko azumi, kuma ba ya haifar da ciwo, mafi yawan abin da zai iya faruwa shi ne rashin jin daɗi a lokacin tarawa.

Wannan gwajin yana da maƙasudin maƙasudin ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin BRCA1 da BRCA2, waɗanda sune ƙwayoyin haɓakar ƙwayar cuta, ma'ana, suna hana ƙwayoyin kansar yaduwa. Koyaya, idan akwai maye gurbi a cikin ɗayan waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar, aikin dakatarwa ko jinkirta haɓakar ƙwayar cuta ya lalace, tare da yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta kuma, sakamakon haka, ci gaban kansa.

Nau'in hanyar da maye gurbi da za a bincika an bayyana shi ta likita, da kuma aikin:

• Kammala jerin, wanda a cikin shi ake ga dukkanin kwayoyin halittar mutum, kasancewar ana iya gano dukkanin rikirkitar da yake da ita;
• Tsarin genome, wanda takamaiman takamaiman yankuna na DNA aka tsara su, suna gano maye gurbi wadanda ke cikin wadannan yankuna;
• Takamaiman binciken maye gurbi, wanda likita ya nuna irin maye gurbi da yake so ya sani kuma takamaiman gwaje-gwaje ake yi don gano maye gurbi da ake so, wannan hanyar ta fi dacewa ga mutanen da ke da ’yan uwa da wasu canjin canjin halittar da aka riga aka gano don cutar sankarar mama;
• Binciken keɓe don sakawa da sharewa, wanda canje-canje a cikin takamaiman kwayoyin halitta yake tabbatacce, wannan hanyar tafi dacewa ga waɗanda suka riga sun gama jeri amma suna buƙatar haɓaka.

Sakamakon gwajin kwayar halitta aka aika zuwa ga likita kuma rahoton ya kunshi hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita don ganowa, da kuma kasancewar kwayoyin halittar da kuma maye gurbin da aka gano, idan suna nan. Bugu da kari, ya danganta da hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita, za a iya sanar da ita a cikin rahoton yadda maye gurbi ko kwayar halitta ta bayyana, wanda zai iya taimaka wa likitan ya duba hadarin kamuwa da cutar sankarar mama.

Oncotype DX jarrabawa

Jarabawar Oncotype DX ita ma gwajin kwayar cutar kansar nono ce, wacce aka yi ta daga binciken kwayoyin halittar nono, da nufin kimanta kwayoyin halittar da ke da nasaba da cutar sankarar mama ta hanyar dabarun binciken kwayoyin, kamar su RT-PCR. Don haka, yana yiwuwa likita ya nuna mafi kyawun magani, kuma ana iya kaucewa cutar sankara, misali.

Wannan gwajin yana iya gano kansar nono a farkon matakan kuma duba matakin ta'adi da yadda martanin jiyya zai kasance. Don haka, yana yiwuwa a sanya ƙarin maganin da aka yi niyya don cutar kansa, guje wa illar cutar sankara, misali.

Ana samun gwajin Oncotype DX a cikin asibitoci masu zaman kansu, dole ne a yi shi bayan shawarwarin likitan ilimin likita kuma an fitar da sakamakon, a matsakaita, bayan kwanaki 20.

Lokacin da za a yi

Nazarin kwayar cutar kansar nono wani bincike ne da masanin ilimin sanko, mastologist ko genetist, ya nuna daga nazarin samfurin jini kuma an ba da shawarar ga mutanen da ke da dangin da suka kamu da ciwon nono, mace ko namiji, kafin shekaru 50 ko kwai ciwon daji a kowane zamani. Ta hanyar wannan gwajin, yana yiwuwa a san ko akwai maye gurbi a cikin BRCA1 ko BRCA2 kuma, saboda haka, yana yiwuwa a bincika damar ci gaba da ciwon nono.

Yawancin lokaci idan akwai alamar kasancewar maye gurbi a cikin wadannan kwayoyin halittar, da alama mutum zai kamu da cutar sankarar mama a tsawon rayuwarsa. Doka ne ga likita ya gano haɗarin bayyanar cutar don a ɗauki matakan rigakafi daidai da haɗarin ɓarkewar cutar.

Sakamakon sakamako

Sakamakon binciken an aika zuwa ga likita a cikin hanyar rahoto, wanda zai iya zama mai kyau ko mara kyau. Gwajin kwayar halitta yana da kyau yayin da aka tabbatar da kasancewar maye gurbi a cikin akalla daya daga cikin kwayoyin, amma ba lallai bane ya nuna ko mutumin zai kamu da cutar kansa ko kuma shekarun da zai iya faruwa, yana buƙatar gwadawa .

Koyaya, lokacin da aka gano maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar BRCA1, misali, akwai damar kusan kaso 81% na ci gaban sankarar mama, kuma ana ba da shawarar cewa mutum ya kasance yana yin hoton maganadisu a kowace shekara, baya ga samun damar yin aikin mastectomy a matsayin hanyar rigakafin.

Jarabawar kwayar halitta mara kyau ita ce wacce ba a tabbatar da maye gurbi a cikin kwayoyin halittar da aka yi nazari ba, amma har yanzu akwai damar yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar kansa, duk da kasancewar ta kasa sosai, tana bukatar sa ido a likitoci ta hanyar bincike na yau da kullun. Gano wasu gwaje-gwajen da ke tabbatar da cutar sankarar mama.