Mun Kashe Amurkawa Game da Lafiyar Jima'i: Abin da Ya Ce Game da Yanayin Jima'i Ed

Wadatacce

• Bayani
• Samun ilimi
• Rigakafin STI
• Rashin fahimtar maganin hana daukar ciki
• Ilimi ta hanyar jinsi
• Bayyana yarda
• Menene gaba?

Bayani

Babu wata tambaya cewa bayar da daidaito kuma ingantaccen bayanin lafiyar jima'i a makarantu yana da mahimmanci.

Ba wa ɗalibai waɗannan albarkatun ba kawai yana taimaka wajan hana ɗaukar ciki da ba a so ba da kuma yaɗuwar cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i (STIs), amma kuma zai iya taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cikakken lafiyar mutum.

Duk da haka yanayin ilimin jima'i da wayar da kai a wasu yankuna na Amurka ya kasance ne daga rashin dacewar likitanci zuwa kusan babu.

A halin yanzu, jihohi 20 ne kawai ke bukatar ilimin jima’i da na kwayar cutar ta HIV ya zama “a likitance, a zahiri, ko kuma a fannin fasaha,” (yayin da New Jersey ita ce jiha ta 21 a dabance, an bar ta tun da ba a fayyace daidaito na likitanci a cikin dokokin jihar ba. Ana buƙata ta NJDE na Cikakken Lafiya da Ilimin Jiki).

A halin yanzu, ma'anar abin da ke "daidai a likitance" na iya bambanta ta jiha.

Yayinda wasu jihohi na iya buƙatar amincewar tsarin karatun ta Ma'aikatar Lafiya, wasu jihohin suna ba da damar rarraba kayan da suka dogara da bayanai daga kafofin da aka buga waɗanda masana'antar likitanci ke girmamawa. Wannan rashin ingantaccen tsari na iya haifar da rarraba bayanan da ba daidai ba.

Healthline da Hukumar Ba da Bayani game da Jima'i da Majalisar Ilimi ta Amurka (SIECUS), kungiya ce da aka sadaukar domin bunkasa ilimin jima’i, sun gudanar da wani bincike da ya kalli yanayin lafiyar jima’i a Amurka.

A ƙasa akwai sakamakon.

Samun ilimi

A cikin bincikenmu, wanda ya jefa kuri'a fiye da Amurkawa 1,000, kawai 12 bisa dari na masu amsa 60 shekaru da kuma tsofaffi sun sami wani nau'i na ilimin jima'i a makaranta.

A halin yanzu, kawai kashi 33 cikin 100 na mutane tsakanin shekaru 18 zuwa 29 sun bada rahoton samun wani.

Duk da yake wasu da suka gabata sun gano cewa tsare-tsare-tsare-tsare na ilimi kawai ba ya kariya daga daukar ciki na samari da cututtukan mata, akwai yankuna da yawa a Amurka inda wannan ita ce kadai nau’in ilimin jima’i da ake bayarwa.

Jihohi kamar Mississippi suna buƙatar makarantu don gabatar da ilimin jima'i azaman ƙauracewa-kawai azaman hanyar yaƙi da juna biyu. Amma duk da haka Mississippi tana da ɗayan mafi girman adadin masu juna biyu na ciki, a cikin 2016.

Wannan ya bambanta da New Hampshire, wanda ke da mafi ƙarancin adadin mata masu juna biyu a Amurka. Jihar tana koyar da kiwon lafiya da ilimin jima’i gami da tsarin karatun da aka keɓance ga STIs da ke farawa a makarantun tsakiya.

Zuwa yau, jihohi 35 da Gundumar Columbia suma suna ba iyaye damar ficewa daga sanya childrena childrenansu su shiga cikin jima'i.

Duk da haka a cikin binciken 2017, Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) sun gano cewa ɗaliban makarantar sakandare sun riga sun shiga cikin jima'i.

"Idan ya zo ga inganta ilimin jima'i, babban abin da ke kawo cikas shi ne lallai al'adun kasarmu na son kaucewa tattaunawa game da jima'i kwata-kwata, ko kuma kawai a yi magana game da jima'i da jima'i ta hanyoyin da ba su da kyau ko kuma abin kunya," in ji Jennifer Driver, Siyasar Siyasar SIECUS Darakta.

"Yana da wahala a tabbatar da lafiyar jima'i da jin daɗin wani yayin da, sau da yawa, ba mu da lafazi mai dacewa, tabbatacce, da rashin kunya don magana game da jima'i tun farko," in ji ta.

Rigakafin STI

A cikin 2016, kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na sababbin sababbin kwayar cutar HIV a Amurka sun kasance matasa, a cewar CDC. Hakanan mutanen da shekarunsu yakai 15 zuwa 24 sun kasance sabbin STIs da aka ruwaito a cikin Amurka kowace shekara.

Abin da ya sa ya shafi wannan a cikin bincikenmu - inda sashin shekarun 18 zuwa 29 ya kai kusan kashi 30 cikin 100 na mahalarta taron - lokacin da aka tambaye su ko za a iya yada kwayar cutar HIV ta miyau, kusan 1 cikin mutane 2 sun amsa ba daidai ba.

Kwanan nan, Hukumar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNESCO) ta buga wani bincike da ke nuna cikakken shirye-shiryen ilimin jima’i (CSE) ba wai kawai kara lafiya da jin daɗin yara da samari ne kawai ba, amma ya taimaka wajen rigakafin ƙwayoyin HIV da STI kazalika.

Direba ya buga Netherlands a matsayin babban misali na biyan kudi daga shirye-shiryen CSE. Offersasar tana ba da ɗayan mafi kyawun tsarin ilimin jima'i a duniya tare da daidaiton sakamakon kiwon lafiya, musamman idan ya zo ga STI da rigakafin HIV.

Requiresasar tana buƙatar cikakken karatun ilimin jima'i farawa daga makarantar firamare. Kuma sakamakon waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna magana da kansu.

Netherlands na ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cutar kanjamau a kashi 0.2 cikin ɗari na manya daga shekaru 15 zuwa 49.

Kididdiga ta kuma nuna cewa kashi 85 cikin dari na matasa a kasar sun bayar da rahoton yin amfani da maganin hana haihuwa a yayin saduwarsu ta farko, yayin da yawan haihuwar yara kanana ya yi kasa, a 4.5 cikin samari 1,000.

Kodayake Direba ta yarda cewa Amurka ba za ta iya “karɓar duk wani aikin da ya shafi ilimin jima’i da ke faruwa a cikin Netherlands ba,” amma ta yarda cewa yana yiwuwa a nemi ƙasashen da ke ɗaukar irin wannan tsarin don dabaru.

Rashin fahimtar maganin hana daukar ciki

Idan ya zo ga hana daukar ciki, da kuma musamman musamman hana daukar ciki na gaggawa, bincikenmu ya gano cewa akwai ra'ayoyi da dama game da yadda wadannan matakan kariya suke aiki.

Wanda yakai kashi 93 cikin dari na wadanda muke amsawa sun kasa amsawa daidai kwana nawa bayan saduwa ta gaggawa na maganin hana haihuwa na aiki. Yawancin mutane sun ce yana tasiri ne kawai har kwana biyu bayan yin jima'i.

A zahiri, “kwaya bayan-safe” kamar su Plan B na iya taimakawa dakatar da ɗaukar ciki da ba a so idan aka ɗauke su zuwa kwanaki 5 bayan yin jima'i tare da yiwuwar rage kaso 89 cikin ɗari.

Sauran rashin fahimta game da magungunan hana daukar ciki na gaggawa sun hada da kashi 34 cikin 100 na wadanda aka yi wa tambayoyi wadanda suka yi imanin cewa shan kwaya bayan-safiyar na iya haifar da rashin haihuwa, kuma kashi daya cikin hudu na masu amsa suna ganin cewa na iya haifar da zubar da ciki.

A zahiri, kashi 70 cikin 100 na waɗanda aka bincika ba su san cewa kwayar tana dakatar da yin ƙwai na ɗan lokaci ba, wanda ke hana sakin ƙwai da za a yi shi.

Ko wannan kuskuren game da yadda maganin hana daukar ciki yake aiki batun maza ne bai bayyana ba. Abinda aka fahimta, shine, har yanzu akwai sauran aiki a gaba.

Kodayake Direba ya ambaci Dokar Kulawa mai araha a matsayin misali guda na turawa ga kyauta da samun damar haihuwa da hana daukar ciki, ba ta gamsu da cewa wannan ya isa ba.

"Rikice-rikicen al'adu, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar fadan doka da yawa da karuwar muhawara a bainar jama'a - wanda hakan, abin takaici ya danganta kula da haihuwa tare da zubar da ciki - ya nuna cewa al'ummarmu ba ta cikin kwanciyar hankali da cikakkiyar rungumar jima'i na mace," in ji ta.

Kashi 93 cikin 100 na masu amsa tambayoyinmu sun kasa amsawa daidai kwana nawa bayan saduwa ta gaggawa na hana aiki.

Ilimi ta hanyar jinsi

Lokacin karya shi ta hanyar jinsi, wanene ya fi wayewa game da jima'i?

Bincikenmu ya nuna cewa kashi 65 na mata sun amsa dukkan tambayoyin daidai, yayin da adadi ga mahalarta maza ya kai kashi 57 cikin dari.

Kodayake waɗannan ƙididdigar ba su da kyau, amma gaskiyar cewa kashi 35 na maza waɗanda suka halarci binciken sun yi imanin cewa mata ba za su iya yin ciki ba yayin al'adarsu yana nuna cewa har yanzu akwai hanyoyin da za a bi - musamman idan ya zo ga fahimta lalata da mata.

“Muna bukatar yin yawa na aiki don canza labaran tatsuniyoyi, musamman game da lalata da mata, ”in ji Direba.

“Har yanzu akwai izinin al'adu ga maza don su kasance masu yin jima'i, yayin da mata ke fuskantar matakai biyu dangane da jima'i. Kuma wannan mummunar fahimta ba da daɗewa ba ta ba da gudummawa ga rikicewar da ke kewaye da jikin mata da lafiyar jima'i ta mata, ”in ji ta.

Bayyana yarda

Daga motsi na #MeToo zuwa shari'ar Christine Blasey Ford, a bayyane yake cewa ƙirƙirar tattaunawa a kusa da samar da bayanai game da yardar jima'i bai taɓa zama mafi mahimmanci ba.

Abubuwan da aka samo daga bincikenmu sun nuna cewa wannan ma haka lamarin yake. Daga cikin masu bada amsa shekaru 18 zuwa 29, kashi 14 cikin dari har yanzu sun yi amannar cewa muhimmin ɗayan yana da damar yin jima'i.

Wannan takamaiman sashin ɗin shekarun yana wakiltar mafi girman rukuni tare da ƙaramar fahimta game da abin da ya ƙunshi yarda.

Abin da ya fi haka, kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na duk waɗanda aka ba da amsa sun amsa tambaya iri ɗaya ba daidai ba, tare da wasu suna gaskanta cewa yarda za ta yi aiki idan mutum ya ce eh duk da shan giya, ko kuma idan ɗayan bai ce a'a ba sam.

Wadannan binciken, game da yadda zasu iya zama, bai kamata ya zama abin mamaki ba. Direba ya ce har zuwa yau, jihohi shida ne kawai ke bukatar umarni don hada bayanai kan yarda.

Duk da haka binciken UNESCO da aka ambata a baya ya ambaci shirye-shiryen CSE a matsayin hanya mai tasiri "ta wadata matasa da ilimi da ƙwarewa don yin zaɓin da ya dace ga rayukansu."

Wannan ya hada da inganta "nazari, sadarwa, da sauran dabarun rayuwa don lafiya da walwala dangane da violence cin zarafin jinsi, yarda, cin zarafin jima'i, da ayyukan cutarwa."

Daga cikin masu bada amsa shekaru 18 zuwa 29, kashi 14 cikin dari sun yi imanin cewa wani muhimmin ɗayan yana da damar yin jima'i.

Menene gaba?

Kodayake sakamakon bincikenmu ya nuna cewa akwai bukatar yin karin abubuwa dangane da samar da shirye-shiryen CSE a makaranta, akwai shaidar cewa Amurka tana tafiya zuwa madaidaiciyar hanya.

Wata kungiyar Paredhoodhood Federation of America da aka shirya gudanar da zaben a wannan shekara ta bayyana cewa kashi 98 na masu yuwuwar jefa kuri’a na goyon bayan ilimin jima’i a makarantar sakandare, yayin da kashi 89 ke goyon bayan sa a makarantar sakandare.

Dawn Laguens, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na Planned Parenthood ya ce, "Mun yi kasa da shekaru 30 na rashin daukar ciki a wannan kasar da kuma rashin tarihin da ke faruwa a tsakanin matasa."

"Ilimin jima'i da samun damar tsarin bada tazarar iyali sun kasance masu matukar muhimmanci ga taimaka wa matasa su kasance cikin aminci da koshin lafiya - yanzu ba lokaci ba ne na komawa baya ga wannan ci gaban."

Bugu da ƙari, SIECUS yana ba da shawarwari don manufofin da za su ƙirƙirar samar da tallafin tarayya na farko-farko don cikakken ilimin jima'i a makarantu.

Har ila yau, suna aiki don wayar da kan jama'a game da bukatar karawa da inganta hanyoyin da ake warewa ga matasa marasa karfi zuwa ayyukan kula da lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa.

Direban ya ce "Cikakken ilimin ilimin jima'i a makaranta ya kamata ya samar da hujja da kuma bayanai na likitanci wadanda za su taimaka da kuma kara ilimin ilimin jima'i da yara ke samu daga danginsu, kungiyoyin addini da na al'umma, da kuma kwararrun likitocin."

“Zamu iya kara ilimin lafiyar jima’i ga mutanen duka shekaru ta hanyar magance shi kamar kowane yanayin kiwon lafiya. Ya kamata mu tabbatar da cewa jima'i wani bangare ne na al'ada na mutum, "in ji ta.