Harajin Pink: Asali na Farashin Farashin Jinsi

Wadatacce

• 'Harajin ruwan hoda'
• Harajin 'tampon'
• Sa tampon da gammaye su zama da sauki
• Kasashen da ke kan gaba
• Takeaway

Idan kayi siyayya a kowane dillalin kan layi ko shagon bulo-da-turmi, zaka sami hanyar haɗari a talla bisa ga jinsi.

Kayayyakin "Maza" sun zo cikin baƙar fata masu launin shuɗi ko na ruwa mai ɗauke da sunaye na shagunan kasuwanci kamar Bull Dog, Vikings Blade, da Rugged da Dapper. Idan kayan suna da kamshi, yana da kamshin kamshi.

A halin yanzu, samfuran “mata” suna da wuya a rasa: fashewar ruwan hoda da shuɗi mai haske, tare da ƙarin ƙwayar kyalkyali. Idan suna da kamshi, kamshin sune 'ya'yan itace da na fure, kamar wake mai kyau da kuma violet, furannin apple, da ruwan kanwa - duk abinda yake.

Duk da yake ƙamshi da launi watakila shine mafi banbancin bambanci tsakanin samfuran gargajiyar al'ada ga maza da mata, akwai wani, banbancin dabara: alamar farashin. Kuma yana da tsada ga waɗanda suka sayi kayayyakin da nufin mata da muhimmanci sosai.

'Harajin ruwan hoda'

Farashin jinsi, wanda aka fi sani da “harajin ruwan hoda,” kari ne kan kayayyakin da aka tsara don al'ada ga mata waɗanda ke da bambancin bambancin kayan kwalliya kawai daga kayan kwatankwacin da aka tsara na maza.

A takaice dai, ba ainihin haraji bane.

Wannan wani yanayi ne na samarda kudaden shiga ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu wadanda suka sami hanyar da zasu sanya kayan su suyi kyau ko kuma ya dace da yawan jama'a kuma suka ga hakan a matsayin masu kudi, "inji Jennifer Weiss-Wolf, lauya, mataimakiyar shugaban Makarantar Shari'a ta Brennan a Makarantar Koyar da Shari'a ta NYU, kuma mai haɗin gwiwa na Equaddamar Daidai.

"Ina tsammanin abubuwan da ke motsawa game da harajin ruwan hoda sun fito karara a fili daga matsayin jari hujja na gargajiya: Idan kuna iya samun kudi daga gare ta, ya kamata," in ji ta.

Duk da haka harajin ruwan hoda ba sabon abu bane. A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, California, Connecticut, Florida, da South Dakota sun fitar da rahoto kan farashin jinsi a jihohin su. A shekara ta 2010, Rahotannin Masu Sayayya sun nuna batun a ƙasa baki ɗaya tare da binciken da ya gano, a lokacin, mata sun biya fiye da kashi 50 cikin ɗari fiye da na maza don irin kayayyakin.

Batun da aka kayyade mafi kyau a cikin 2015 lokacin da Sashin Kula da Harkokin Kasuwanci na Birnin New York ya ba da rahoto game da bambancin farashi don kayayyakin kwatankwacin 794 daga nau'ikan 91 da aka sayar a cikin birnin.

Rahoton ya bincika masana'antu daban-daban guda biyar, kamar samfuran kulawa da kai ko manyan kayan kiwon lafiya na gida. Waɗannan sun ƙunshi nau'ikan samfura 35, kamar su wankin jiki ko shamfu. A cikin kowane ɗayan masana'antun guda biyar, kayan masarufin da aka tallata wa mata da 'yan mata sun fi kuɗi tsada. Haka lamarin yake a cikin duka nau'ikan samfuran samfuran 35 banda biyar.

Masu binciken sun kalli kayayyaki 106 a cikin kayan wasan yara da na kayan kwalliya kuma sun gano cewa, a matsakaita, wadanda aka nufa da 'yan mata sun dara kashi 7 cikin dari.

Hakanan, mafi yawan tsaffin caji, suna daga cikin kayan kulawa na mutum.

Misali, fakiti biyar na Schick Hydro harsashi a cikin marufi mai shunayya yakai $ 18.49, yayin da wannan ƙididdigar Schick Hydro ya sake cika buhuhunan shuɗi yakai $ 14.99.

Bugu da ƙari, ban da launi na marufin su, samfuran suna kama iri ɗaya.

Rahoton NYC ya gano mata sun fuskanci matsakaicin bambancin farashi na kashi 13 cikin 100 na kayayyakin kula da kansu a cikin kayayyakin 122 idan aka kwatanta da binciken. Kuma marubutan sun lura sosai cewa waɗannan abubuwa, kamar su aske gel da deodorant, sune waɗanda aka siyo mafi yawan lokuta idan aka kwatanta su da wasu rukunoni - ma'ana farashin ya ƙaru akan lokaci. Duk da cewa wannan rashin adalci ne ga duk waɗanda ke sayayya ga waɗannan kayan, ƙimar farashin kashi 13 cikin ɗari ya shafi mata da 'yan mata waɗanda suka fito daga ƙananan masu samun kuɗi.

Attemptsoƙarin doka, duk da haka, na iya gyara harajin ruwan hoda. A cikin 1995, 'yar Majalisar Dokoki na wancan lokacin Jackie Speier ta yi nasarar zartar da kudirin doka wanda ya hana a yi wa mata hidimar farashi, kamar aski.

Yanzu a matsayinta na 'yar Majalisa, Rep. Speier (D-CA) za ta tafi ƙasa: Ta sake gabatar da Dokar Soke Harajin Hoda a wannan shekara don magance samfuran da ke ƙarƙashin harajin ruwan hoda. (Wani samfurin doka da aka gabatar a cikin 2016 ya kasa sanya shi cikin kwamiti). Idan sabon kudirin ya zartar, zai baiwa lauyoyin gwamnati na kasa damar daukar matakin farar hula kan masu amfani da nuna wariya. ” A takaice, suna iya zuwa kai tsaye bayan kasuwancin da ke cajin maza da mata farashin daban.

Harajin 'tampon'

Harajin ruwan hoda ba kari ne kawai yake shafar mata ba. Har ila yau, akwai "harajin tampon," wanda ke nufin harajin tallace-tallace da ake amfani da su kan abubuwan tsaftar mata kamar su pads, liners, tampons, da kofuna.

A halin yanzu, jihohi 36 har yanzu suna amfani da harajin tallace-tallace ga waɗannan abubuwan da ake buƙata na haila, bisa ga bayanai daga ƙungiyar Weiss-Wolf ta Period Equity. Harajin tallace-tallace a kan waɗannan kayan ya bambanta kuma ya dogara da lambar harajin jihar.

To menene? Kuna iya mamaki. Kowa ya biya harajin tallace-tallace. Da alama dai adalci ne cewa tampon da pads suna da harajin tallace-tallace, suma.

Ba haka ba ne, in ji Weiss-Wolf. Jihohi sun kafa nasu keɓancewar haraji, kuma a cikin littafinta Lokutan Gone Jama'a: Matsayi don Daidaitan Al'ada, ta yi bayani dalla-dalla kan wasu keɓewar keɓewa da ba dole ba da wasu jihohi ke da su.

"Na bi kowace lambar haraji a cikin kowace jiha da ba ta kebe kayayyakin haila don ganin abin da suka kebe ba, kuma jerin abin ba'a ne," in ji Weiss-Wolf ga Healthline. Abubuwan da aka cire haraji, wadanda aka jera duka a cikin littafin Weiss-Wolf da kuma wadanda Healthline ta bibiyi, sun fara ne daga marshmallows a Florida zuwa girkin giya a California. Maine motar hawa kankara ce, kuma itace mai sunflower tsaba a Indiana da membobin ƙungiyar gun a Wisconsin.

Idan tsaba iri iri na barbecue ba shi da haraji, in ji Weiss-Wolf, to ya kamata kayayyakin tsaftar mata su ma su zama.

Harajin tampon galibi ana kiransa ba daidai ba azaman harajin alatu, in ji Weiss-Wolf. Madadin haka, haraji ne na tallan da ake amfani da shi ga duk kaya - amma tunda kawai mutanen da suke haila suna amfani da kayayyakin tsaftar mata, harajin ba daidai ba ne ya shafe mu.

Kamar dai yadda ake ɗorawa kan abubuwan kulawa na sirri waɗanda aka tsara don mata, ƙananan harajin tallace-tallace da muke fitarwa kowane wata don gudanar da Aunt Flo yana ƙarawa har tsawon rayuwa, kuma wannan yana shafar mata daga gidajen masu karamin karfi.

"Wannan fitowar tana da tasirin gaske ga mutane," in ji Weiss-Wolf ga Healthline. "Ina tunani wani bangare saboda kwarewar jinin haila abu ne na kowa da kowa ga duk wanda ya dandana shi, kamar yadda fahimtar cewa iya sarrafa shi yana da matukar mahimmanci ga ikon mutum na shiga cikakkiyar rayuwa ta yau da kullun da kuma kasancewa mai mutunci."

Dukansu maza da mata na duk raunin siyasa sun fahimci cewa “tattalin arzikin al’ada,” kamar yadda Weiss-Wolf ya kira shi, ba da son rai ba. Kungiyarsu Period Equity ta dauki wannan batun a duk fadin kasar a shekarar 2015 ta hanyar yin kawance da mujallar Cosmopolitan akan korafin Change.org don “tsayar da tampon haraji.” Amma harajin tallace-tallace dole ne masu magana da jihohi su magance shi.

Kuma akwai hanya mai nisa don tafiya.

Jihohi biyar - Alaska, Delaware, New Hampshire, Montana, da Oregon - ba su da harajin tallace-tallace da za a fara da su, don haka ba a biyan haraji da tampon a wurin. A halin yanzu, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, da Pennsylvania a baya sun yi doka da kansu don cire harajin tallace-tallace daga waɗannan abubuwa, a cewar Periods Gone Public.

Tun daga shekara ta 2015, albarkacin ƙara bayar da shawarwari game da daidaiton lokacin, jihohi 24 sun gabatar da ƙididdiga don keɓe pads da tampon daga harajin tallace-tallace. Koyaya, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, da New York ne kawai suka yi nasarar yin waɗannan abubuwan tsabtar-ba tare da biyan haraji kawo yanzu. Wannan ya ce, Arizona, Nebraska, da Virginia sun gabatar da takardun harajin tampon a majalisun su a cikin 2018.

Don haka, me yasa aka ɗauki wannan dogon har ma da wannan tattaunawar?

"Abin da ya fi dacewa shi ne cewa yawancin 'yan majalisunmu ba sa yin al'ada, don haka ba su yin tunani game da shi ta kowace irin hanya mai ma'ana," in ji Weiss-Wolf.

Sa tampon da gammaye su zama da sauki

Baya ga harajin tamfon, bayar da shawarwari game da daidaiton al'adar da gaske yana samun damar yin amfani da kayayyakin tsaftar mata don mata marasa gida da mata a gidajen yari da makarantun gwamnati.

"Sun kasance kamar yadda ake buƙata kamar takardar bayan gida," in ji wata 'yar majalisar birni a cikin 2016 lokacin da NYC ta zaɓa don sanya kayayyakin tsaftar mata kyauta a makarantu, matsuguni, da gidajen yari. An ba da rahoton cewa gan mata 'yan makaranta 300,000' yan shekaru 11 zuwa 18 da mata da 'yan mata 23,000 da ke zaune a matsugunai a cikin NYC wannan dokar mai ban mamaki ta shafe su.

Samun damar yin amfani da waɗannan abubuwa masu tsafta suna ba da girma da kuma ba mata da 'yan mata damar shiga cikin jama'a.

"Ko da a wannan yanayin siyasar da muke ciki, wanda yake da matukar guba kuma yake da rarrabuwar kawuna… wannan yanki daya ne [na samun dama wanda ya tabbatar da cewa] ya wuce bangaranci kuma yana da matukar goyon baya a bangarorin biyu," in ji Weiss-Wolf

A wannan shekarar, Jihar New York ta jefa kuri’ar samar da kayayyakin tsaftar mata kyauta a bandakunan ‘yan mata na aji 6 zuwa 12.

“Wannan batun yana da alamar gaske ga mutane. Ina ganin jera saboda
kwarewar jinin al'ada na duniya ne ga duk wanda ya gamu da shi, kamar
shine fahimtar cewa iya sarrafa shi yana da matukar mahimmanci ga mutum
ikon shiga a dama da shi a rayuwar yau da kullun da kuma kasancewa da mutunci. ” -
Jennifer Weiss-Wolf

A cikin shekarar 2015 da 2017, wani dan majalisa daga jihar Wisconsin ya gabatar da kudirin doka don samar da kushin da tampon a kyauta a makarantun gwamnati, makarantun da ke amfani da shirin baucan na jihar, da kuma a gine-ginen gwamnati. A Kanada, wani kansila na gari a Toronto ya gabatar da irin wannan doka don gidajen marasa gida.

Kasashen da ke kan gaba

Adadin haila yana da hanyoyin zuwa yawancin jihohin Amurka, kuma zamu iya neman zuwa wasu ƙasashe don yin wahayi game da abin da zai iya kasancewa.

• Kenya ta fadi kasa
  harajin tallace-tallace a kan kayayyakin tsabtace mata a 2004 kuma ya ba miliyoyin kuɗi
  zuwa ga rarraba pads a makarantu a kokarin bunkasa shigar mata.
• Kanada ditched
  harajin kayayyaki da aiyukanta (kwatankwacin harajin tallace-tallace) a kan tampon a shekarar 2015. Ostiraliya
  zabe
  ayi hakan daidai a watan da ya gabata, kodayake yana buƙatar ƙarin amincewa ta
  yankuna daban-daban.
• Shirye-shiryen matukin jirgi a Aberdeen,
  Scotland tana rarrabawa
  kayayyakin tsaftar mata ga mata a gidajen masu karamin karfi a matsayin gwaji ga a
  yiwu mafi girma shirin.
• Kasar Burtaniya ita ma ta kawar da tambarin
  haraji, kodayake akwai dalilai masu alaƙa da Brexit ba zai fara aiki ba tukuna. Zuwa
  rama, da yawa manyan sarƙoƙi a Burtaniya, irin su
  kamar yadda Tesco, sun yanke farashi kan kayayyakin tsaftar mata da kansu.

Takeaway

A ƙarshe Amurkawa suna yin dogon tattaunawa game da farashin da ke tattare da ilimin mu. Kamar yadda yawancinmu suka girma suna son ƙanshi mai ƙanshi mai ƙanshi, babu wata ƙwarin gwiwa da yawa ga kamfanoni su daina sanya su daban - amma aƙalla za su iya dakatar da sake mana caji.

Kuma yayin samun lokaci (da mawuyacin halin da ke tattare da shi) ƙila ba zai zama kyakkyawar ƙwarewa ba, tattaunawa game da tattalin arziƙin haila da alama yana haifar da ƙarin amfani da tausayi ga waɗanda ke buƙatar samfuran da za su sarrafa shi.

Jessica Wakeman marubuciya ce kuma edita tana mai da hankali kan al'amuran siyasa, zamantakewa, da al'adun mata. Asalinta daga Connecticut, tayi karatun aikin jarida da na jinsi da kuma ilimin jima'i a NYU. Ta taba zama edita a The Frisky, Daily Dot, HelloGiggles, YouBeauty, da Someecards, sannan kuma ta yi aiki a Huffington Post, Radar Magazine, da NYmag.com. Rubuce-rubucenta sun bayyana a cikin ɗab'i da yawa da lakabi na kan layi, gami da Glamour, Rolling Stone, Bitch, da New York Daily News, da New York Times Review of Books, The Cut, Bustle, and Romper. Tana cikin kwamitocin gudanarwa na Bitch Media, wata kafar yada labarai ta mata da ba ta da riba. Tana zaune a Brooklyn tare da mijinta. Duba ƙarin aikinta akan ta yanar gizo kuma bi ta kan ta Twitter.