Toxoplasmosis: menene menene, watsawa, nau'ikan da yadda ake kiyayewa

Wadatacce

• Yadda yaduwar cutar ke faruwa
• Rayuwa na Toxoplasma gondii
• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Ire-iren toxoplasmosis
• 1. Ciwon toxoplasmosis
• 2. Ciwon toxoplasmosis
• 3. Cerebrospinal ko meningoencephalic toxoplasmosis - Tsarin rayuwa
• Yadda ake yin maganin
• Rigakafin cutar toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, wanda aka fi sani da cat cat, cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa ta hanyar protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), wanda yake da kuliyoyi a matsayin mai masaukinsa kuma mutane a matsayin masu shiga tsakani. Mafi yawan lokuta, kamuwa da cutar baya haifar da alamomin, duk da haka idan mutum yana da tsarin garkuwar jiki, akwai yiwuwar cewa alamomi da alamomin kamuwa da cutar suna nan kuma akwai mafi haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan da suka fi tsanani.

Ana kamuwa da cutar galibi ta hanyar cin abincin da gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin cuta ya gurɓata shi ko kuma ta hanyar taɓa alaƙar ƙwayar kuliyoyin. Bugu da kari, ana iya daukar kwayar cutar toxoplasmosis daga mahaifiya zuwa jaririnta, duk da haka wannan yana faruwa ne kawai lokacin da ba a gano cutar ba yayin daukar ciki ko kuma ba a yi maganin ba daidai.

Kodayake ba ya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka, yana da mahimmanci a gano cutar toxoplasmosis kuma a bi ta daidai bisa jagorancin likitan don hana rikice-rikice, kamar makanta, kamu da mutuwa, misali.

Yadda yaduwar cutar ke faruwa

Toxoplasmosis ana iya daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar shan danyen abinci da mara tsafta, kamar su danyen nama ko wanda ba a dafa ba, wanda ya gurbata da najasa daga kuliyoyin da ke dauke da cutar ko shan ruwan da gurbataccen kwari ya gurbata.

Saduwa da kuliyoyin da ke dauke da cutar bai wadatar ba Toxoplasma gondii, ya zama dole mutum ya sadu da najasar wadannan kuliyoyin don cutar ta faru, saboda gurbatarwar na iya faruwa ta hanyar shakar iska ko kuma shayar da kwayar cutar mai cutar. Don haka, yayin tsabtace kwandon kwalin ba tare da matakan kariya ba yana yiwuwa akwai alaƙa da nau'in cutar mai cutar.

Saboda gaskiyar cewa nau'in kamuwa da cuta na T. gondii kasancewa iya kasancewa mai yaduwa a cikin kasa na tsawon lokaci, wasu dabbobi kamar tumaki, shanu da aladu, alal misali, suma za su iya kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar parasite, wanda ke shiga cikin sassan hanjin wadannan dabbobi.Don haka, yayin cin naman da ba a dafa ba, mutum zai iya gurɓata ta Toxoplasma gondii. Baya ga cin ɗanyen nama, shan naman hayaƙi ko tsiran alade waɗanda ba a sarrafa su bisa yanayin tsafta, ko gurɓataccen ruwa kuma ana iya ɗaukar su hanyoyin watsa ƙwayoyin cuta.

Haka kuma yaduwar cutar toxoplasmosis na iya faruwa yayin daukar ciki ta hanyar wucewar cutar ta mahaifa. Koyaya, daukar kwayar cutar ya dogara da matsayin rigakafin mace mai ciki da kuma matakin da take ciki: lokacin da mace ta kasance a farkon watannin uku na haihuwa kuma tana da tsarin garkuwar jiki, akwai damar da za'a yada kwayar cutar ga jariri, duk da haka ana la'akari da sakamakon mai laushi. Duba ƙarin game da toxoplasmosis a cikin ciki.

Rayuwa na Toxoplasma gondii

A cikin mutane da T. gondii tana da matakai na juyin halitta guda biyu, wadanda ake kira tachyzoites da bradyzoites, wanda shine tsarin juyin halitta wanda ake samu a cikin danyen nama na dabbobi. Mutane na iya kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar tuntuɓar cysts na ƙwayoyin cutar da ke cikin fewan kuliyoyi ko ta cin ɗanye ko ɗanye da ba a dafa ba wanda ya ƙunshi bradyzoites.

Dukkanin mafitsara da kuma bradyzoites suna sakin abubuwan da ke kara kuzari wadanda suka ratsa sel na hanjin kuma suka sha bamban a cikin tachyzoites. Waɗannan tachyzoites suna haifuwa kuma suna lalata ƙwayoyin cuta, suna iya yaɗuwa ko'ina cikin jiki kuma suna mamaye wasu kayan kyallen takarda, suna haifar da kumburi wanda ya ƙunshi tachyzoites da yawa. A cikin mata masu ciki, bayan rikicewar ƙwayoyin halitta, tachyzoites na iya haye mahaifa kuma su isa ga jariri, wanda ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

A mafi yawan lokuta, toxoplasmosis baya haifar da alamomi, duk da haka idan rigakafin mutum yayi kasa akwai yiwuwar alamun kamar na sauran cututtukan cututtuka, kamar su mura da dengue, alal misali, na iya zama manyan:

• Harshe ta cikin jiki, galibi a yankin wuya;
• Zazzaɓi;
• Muscle da haɗin gwiwa;
• Gajiya;
• Ciwon kai da ciwon wuya;
• Red spots a jiki;
• Wahalar gani.

Kwayar cututtukan suna fitowa sau da yawa a cikin mutanen da ke da rauni a garkuwar jiki, kamar wadanda ke da cutar sankara don cutar kansa, wadanda a kwanan nan aka yi musu dashe, su ne masu dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, ko kuma a cikin mata da ke kamuwa da cutar a lokacin daukar ciki.

A cikin al'amuran da suka fi tsanani, toxoplasmosis na iya lalata aikin gabobi kamar huhu, zuciya, hanta da kwakwalwa, kuma alamomin mummunan yanayi galibi suna gajiya ne ƙwarai, gyangyaɗi, yaudara da raguwar ƙarfi da motsin jiki. San yadda ake gano alamomin cutar toxoplasmosis.

Ire-iren toxoplasmosis

Ya Toxoplasma gondii zai iya yaduwa ta hanyoyin jini, musamman idan mutum ya sami rauni daga garkuwar jiki ko kuma lokacin da ba a fara ko yin maganin kamuwa da cutar daidai ba. Don haka, cutar ta parasite na iya isa ɗaya ko fiye da gabobin, yana haifar da wasu rikice-rikice da sakamakon kamuwa da cuta, kamar:

1. Ciwon toxoplasmosis

Maganin toxoplasmosis na ido yana faruwa ne lokacin da kwayar cutar ta isa ido ta shafi kwayar ido, ta haifar da wani kumburi wanda zai iya haifar da makanta idan ba a kula da shi a kan lokaci ba. Wannan cutar na iya shafar duka idanu, kuma rashin gani zai iya zama daban ga kowane ido, tare da rage gani, ja da ciwo a cikin ido.

Wannan rikice-rikicen yafi faruwa ne sakamakon kamuwa da cuta yayin daukar ciki, amma kuma hakan na iya faruwa ga mutanen da ke da garkuwar jiki mafi rauni, kodayake ba kasafai ake samun hakan ba.

2. Ciwon toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis a cikin ciki yana haifar da toxoplasmosis na haihuwa, wanda shine lokacin da jaririn ya kamu da wannan cuta yayin da yake cikin mahaifar uwa. Toxoplasmosis a cikin ciki na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako, kamar nakasawar tayin, ƙarancin haihuwa, haihuwa da wuri, zubar da ciki ko mutuwar jaririn a lokacin haihuwa.

Sakamakon jariri ya bambanta gwargwadon lokacin haihuwa wanda cutar ta afku, tare da haɗarin rikitarwa mafi girma lokacin da kamuwa da cutar ta auku kusa da ƙarshen ciki, tare da haɗarin ƙonewar ido, tsananin jaundice, faɗaɗa hanta, ƙarancin jini, canjin zuciya, girgizawa da canjin numfashi. Bugu da kari, ana iya samun canjin jijiyoyi, raunin hankali, kurma, micro ko macrocephaly, misali.

3. Cerebrospinal ko meningoencephalic toxoplasmosis - Tsarin rayuwa

Wannan nau'in toxoplasmosis ya fi yawa a cikin mutanen da aka gano tare da AIDS kuma yawanci yana da alaƙa da sake kunna ƙwayoyin cutar kanjamau. T. gondii a cikin mutanen da ke da cutar a ɓoye, wato, waɗanda aka bincika kuma aka ba su magani, amma ba a kawar da ƙwayoyin cutar daga jiki ba, yana ba shi damar yin tafiya zuwa tsarin mai juyayi.

Babban alamun wannan nau'in toxoplasmosis sune ciwon kai, zazzaɓi, rashin daidaito na tsoka, rikicewar hankali, damuwa da yawan gajiya. Idan ba a gano cutar ba kuma ba a magance ta ba, zai iya haifar da suma da mutuwa.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Maganin toxoplasmosis ana yin sa ne kawai lokacin da mutum ya sami alamun cutar, tunda magungunan da aka nuna na iya zama mai guba idan ana amfani da su akai-akai. Don haka, ba da shawarar magani kawai a cikin yanayin alamun cutar kuma a cikin mata masu ciki waɗanda aka gano da cutar.

Dole ne a fara maganin cutar toxoplasmosis da zaran an gano cutar, kuma ana yin binciken ne ta hanyar gwajin jini da ke gano wanzuwar kwayoyin cuta na IgG da IgM a cikin jiki, wadanda aka samar don yakar protozoan da ke haifar da cutar.

Rigakafin cutar toxoplasmosis

Don hana toxoplasmosis, yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye wasu hanyoyin, kamar su:

• Cinye ruwan sha, tace ko ma'adinai;
• Ka dafa nama sosai kuma a guji cin naman da ba kasafai ake samu a gidajen abinci ba;
• Guji hulɗa da kuliyoyin da ba a sani ba kuma ka wanke hannunka da kyau idan ka taba dabbobi baka sani ba;
• Sanya safar hannu lokacin tsaftace akwatin sharar gida da tattara najasar kyanwa.

Mutanen da ke da dabbobin gida ya kamata su kai su wurin likitan dabbobi don gwaje-gwajen da za a yi don gano cutar ta toxoplasmosis da kuma lalata dabbar, tare da guje wa yuwuwar yaduwar cutar ta toxoplasmosis da sauran cututtuka.